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    Why is PCNL performed?

    Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is usually advised in the following situations:

    • When large kidney stones block more than one branch of the collecting system of the kidney
    • Kidney stones that are larger than 0.8 inches (2 cm) in diameter
    • When there are large stones in the ureter
    • Other treatments have failed

    Before people undergo percutaneous nephrolithotomy, the doctor will do several tests. Urine and blood tests to check for signs of infection or other problems and computerized tomography (CT) scan to find out where the stones are located in the kidney will be done .

     

    How is the procedure conducted?

    Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is typically done under general anaesthesia, which means that the patient will be asleep and numb to any pain during the procedure.

    The doctor may prescribe antibiotics to minimize the chances of developing an infection after the procedure is completed.

    Before the procedure

    Before the procedure, the surgeon may ask the patient have a CT scan , ultrasound, or X-ray imaging to guide access to the kidney.

    During the procedure

    When the doctor has access to the stones in the kidney, they will place a sheath into the kidney and break the stones by using a special instrument. When the pieces are small enough, the doctor removes them. Once the procedure is over, the surgeon can leave drainage tubes in the kidney.

    The doctor can send the pieces of the kidney stones to be examined or to be checked for infection.

    After the procedure

    After the procedure is completed, patients would  stay in the hospital for one or two days. The doctor may advise patients to avoid strenuous activities for two to four weeks and they can return to work after one week.

    When the doctor leaves behind drainage tubes in the kidney, the patient should keep an eye out for any bleeding. They must go to the emergency department if they notice thick blood or blood clots in their urine or drainage tube

    When patients develop a fever or chills, they must consult the doctor immediately as these can be signs and symptoms of infection.

     

    What are the risks of PCNL?

    Among the most common risks of percutaneous nephrolithotomy are:

    • Bleeding
    • Infection
    • Injuries to the kidneys or other organs
    • Incomplete stone removal

     

    Conclusion

    PCNL is a surgical procedure that is used to remove kidney stones. After the procedure is completed, the patient will probably be asked to consult the doctor again after four to six weeks. At that visit, the doctor may use ultrasound or X-rays to check for any stones that may have been left behind and ensure that urine is draining normally from the kidney.

    The doctor will also perform other tests to aid in determining the causes of the kidney stones and also discuss ways to prevent getting kidney stones in the future.


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