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      What are the reasons for which breast surgery is performed?

      The reasons for breast surgery can be classified into two. They are:

      Medical Requirements:

      • Breast Lumpectomy – It is also called mastectomy. To eliminate cancer, a portion or whole of the breast, as well as adjacent lymph nodes, are removed.
      • Removal of non-cancer breast lumps – Some lumps that are not cancerous require surgery for removal.
      • Breast reduction – The size of the breast is decreased. Breast reduction surgery is for women who have enormous breasts and are suffering from chronic back, neck, and shoulder pain to the extent that it necessitates the use of pain relievers.
      • Preventative surgery – To prevent breast cancer, a breast can be removed. This is a relatively rare scenario.

      Cosmetic Purposes:

      • Breast reconstruction – After breast cancer surgery, breast reconstruction may be required.
      • Breast augmentation (Mammoplasty) – To increase the size of the breast, this type of surgery is carried out.
      • Breast reduction – To decrease the size of the breast, this surgery is done. It can also be performed due to medical reasons.
      • Breast reconstruction with flap surgery – Using flap surgery, a section of tissue from another part of the body, commonly the abdomen, is moved to create a new breast mound.
      • Breast reconstruction with implants – Following a mastectomy, implants are put beneath the skin or into the chest muscle. These implants are silicone devices filled with silicone gel or salt water, and aid in breast reconstruction. 

       

      What happens during breast surgery?

      Breast surgeries are complex procedures and require a high degree of expertise. The following are the typical steps that are followed during a breast augmentation surgery:

      • Anesthesia – Intravenous sedation or general anesthesia.
      • Incision – The position of the incision is determined by the type of breast implant and the size of the implant. The incision could be made along with the areola, under the breast fold, or in the armpit.
      • Implantation – The implant will be placed either behind the pectoral muscle or directly behind the breast tissue. 
      • Closure of incisions – The skin is closed with surgical tape or a skin adhesive after the incision is closed with multilayer sutures in the tissue. The scar left by the incision line will fade with time.
      • Results – The result of the surgery can be seen as soon as the patient wakes up.

      Breast reconstruction surgery may be the best option if there have been injuries to the breasts or if one wants to change the appearance of the breast. Implants of own tissues, such as a section of the abdominal wall, are used in breast reconstruction.

       

      What are the possible risk factors associated with breast surgery?

      Any surgery can have a risk factor, similarly, the risks associated with breast surgery are:

      • Bleeding
      • Infection
      • Scarring
      • Implant leakage
      • A need for revision surgery

       

      What can you expect during post-surgical care for breast surgery?

      Following surgery, the surgeon will keep an eye on the patient. They will be given gauze dressings and an elastic bandage or a support bra. These will help to reduce swelling and support the breasts as they heal. They are also given instructions and a regimen to be followed by the doctor and a follow-up appointment will be set up. Painkillers are prescribed for a few patients.

      The recovery time for breast surgery is generally one to six weeks and sometimes longer depending on the type of surgery undergone. A few of the measures can be taken at home after the breast surgery:

      • If a support bra is advised, keep wearing it. It will aid in the reduction of pain and swelling. 
      • If a drainage device is installed, the patient has to take care of it.
      • The patient can take a shower after the surgery, but using a bathtub and swimming are not recommended immediately after the surgery. 

       

       

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