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Why is a fibroid removal required?
Fibroids in the uterus are noncancerous growths, and the patient can choose whether or not to have them removed because they're usually not malignant.
If the fibroids aren't bothering, the patient may not need surgery. However, if the fibroids are causing the following symptoms, the patient may want to consider surgery:
- Excessive menstrual bleeding
- Bleeding between periods
- Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen
- Frequent urination
- Difficulty emptying the bladder
If the patient wishes to become pregnant in the future, surgery may be an option. However, fibroids can sometimes raise the chances of miscarriage or difficulties during pregnancy.
What are the different types of fibroid removal?
- Non-invasive procedure
Focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) with MRI guidance is:
- A noninvasive uterine fibroids treatment that retains the uterus involves no incision and is performed as an outpatient surgery.
- Treatment is done while the patient is inside an MRI scanner with a high-energy ultrasound transducer. The scans show the doctor where the uterine fibroids are located. The ultrasonic transducer concentrates sound waves (sonications) onto the fibroid, causing small pieces of fibroid tissue to heat up and die.
- Researchers are learning more about the long-term safety and effectiveness of newer technology. However, research collected so far indicates that FUS for uterine fibroids is both safe and effective.
- Minimally invasive procedure
Specific methods can eliminate uterine fibroids without requiring surgery to remove them. They are as follows:
- Embolism of the uterine artery, where small particles (embolic agents) are injected into the arteries supplying the uterus, cutting off blood flow and causing fibroids to shrink and die.
- Another method that uses radiofrequency energy to eradicate uterine fibroids and decrease the blood vessels that supply them is ablation with radiofrequency. This can be done either laparoscopically or trans cervically. Cryomyolysis is a related treatment that freezes fibroids.
- Myomectomy can be performed laparoscopically or robotically. The surgeon removes the fibroids while leaving the uterus in place during a myomectomy.
- If the fibroids are low in number, the doctor may choose a laparoscopic or robotic treatment, which removes fibroids from the uterus using slender devices entered through small incisions in the belly.
- Myomectomy through hysteroscopic surgery is possible if the fibroids are contained within the uterus (submucosal). Using devices placed via the vaginal and cervix into the uterus, the surgeon accesses and eliminates fibroids.
- Under ablation of the endometrium, a specialized tool introduced into the uterus uses heat, microwave energy, hot water, or electric current to damage the uterine lining, either terminating or lowering menstruation.
- Surgical procedures (traditional)
Traditional surgical methods include the following:
- Myomectomy of the abdomen - The doctor may utilize an open abdominal surgery to remove fibroids if the patient has many fibroids, huge fibroids, or deep fibroids. Many women who have been advised that hysterectomy is their sole option can instead choose an abdominal myomectomy. Scarring from surgery, on the other hand, can have an impact on future fertility.
- Hysterectomy - The only established permanent cure for uterine fibroids is this operation, which involves removing the uterus. However, a hysterectomy is a big operation, and the ability to bear children is terminated after a hysterectomy. If the patient also has the ovaries removed, they will experience menopause and will have to decide whether to take hormone replacement treatment. Most patients with uterine fibroids may be able to maintain their ovaries if they so desire.
What are the possible risks of fibroid removal?
These procedures are safe, although they do come with few risks, such as:
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Damage the bladder or bowel
- The need for repeat treatment of scar tissue in the abdomen, which can form bands that bind organs and tissues together
- Bowel or urinary difficulties
- Infertility problems
- Complications during pregnancy
Laparoscopy, as opposed to laparotomy, has minimal blood and associated problems.
What can you expect during post-surgical care for fibroid removal?
The doctor will give oral pain medicine, explain how to take care, and discuss dietary and activity limits with the patient leaving the hospital. Discharge from the hospital depends upon the type of operation the patient underwent. Vaginal spotting or stains can be expected after the surgery for few days to six weeks.
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