Best Spina Bifida Doctors in Bangalore
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Spina bifida is a congenital condition that occurs when the spine and the spinal cord fail to develop properly during the first month of pregnancy. The incomplete closure of the neural tube leads to varying levels of nerve damage and spinal cord abnormalities. The exact cause is still unknown, but it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors plays a crucial role. Various risk factors such as low folate/folic acid levels during pregnancy, intake of certain medications, poorly controlled diabetes, obesity, high body temperatures, and a family history of neural tube defects could increase the chances of spina bifida.
In Bangalore, one of the busiest cities in India, the prevalence of this condition is substantial due to various lifestyle and genetic factors. Finding the right Spina Bifida Specialist is crucial in managing this condition effectively. Fortunately, Apollo Hospitals Bangalore houses some of the best doctors for spina bifida who ensure comprehensive care and personalised treatment, enabling individuals with spina bifida to improve their quality of life.
Types/Stages of Spina Bifida
Spina bifida can occur in three distinct forms:
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Spina Bifida Occulta: This is the mildest type where the spinal cord and nerves remain undamaged. It often presents with no symptoms or very mild signs such as a birthmark or tuft of hair at the affected site.
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Meningocele: In this type, the meninges protrude through an opening in the vertebrae and form a sac filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The spinal cord usually remains unaffected.
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Myelomeningocele: This severe form leaves the spinal canal open along several vertebrae in the lower or middle back, exposing the spinal cord and nerves. It often leads to neurological issues, paralysis, and other complications.
Symptoms of Spina Bifida
The symptoms vary depending on the type and severity. Common symptoms include:
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Visible sac on the back
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Paralysis or weakness in the legs
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Orthopaedic issues, such as curvature of the spine
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Bladder and bowel control problems
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Hydrocephalus, which can cause increased head size, vomiting, and seizures
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Sensory and motor issues below the level of the spinal opening
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Cognitive problems
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Coordination issues
Tests to Diagnose Spina Bifida
The Best Doctors For Spina Bifida Treatment diagnose the condition through various tests, which include:
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Maternal Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Screening: A blood test performed during pregnancy to determine elevated AFP levels, which indicate an increased risk of spina bifida.
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Ultrasound: Imaging of the developing foetus during the second trimester of pregnancy using high-frequency sound waves.
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Amniocentesis: This involves testing a sample of amniotic fluid for abnormalities linked to spina bifida.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Computed Tomography Scans: These are imaging tests done after birth for a detailed view of the spinal cord and to detect any spinal opening.
Treatment or Surgery Options for Spina Bifida at Apollo Hospitals Bangalore
The Spina Bifida Surgeons at Apollo Hospitals Bangalore suggest the following surgical interventions for treating spina bifida:
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Foetal Surgery: In some cases, surgery can be performed on the foetus while still in the womb. This surgery aims to repair the spinal defect and prevent further damage to the spinal cord and nerves.
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Neonatal Surgery: Performed soon after birth in babies with myelomeningocele to close the opening in the spinal column to minimise further damage and infection risk.
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Shunt Placement: This procedure helps drain excess cerebrospinal fluid in cases of hydrocephalus.
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Physical and Occupational Therapy: These therapies help improve motor function and manage mobility issues.
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Braces and Orthotics: Devices may be used to support and improve mobility.
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