Isoniazid - Siv, Li Noj, Cov Kev Mob Tshwm Sim thiab Ntau Ntxiv

Taw qhia: Isoniazid yog dab tsi?

Isoniazid yog ib hom tshuaj tua kab mob uas siv los kho thiab tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws (TB), uas yog ib hom kab mob sib kis loj heev uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nws yog ib hom tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau kab mob ntsws thiab feem ntau siv ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj kom ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis kam tshuaj. Isoniazid ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub cov kab mob loj hlob, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob ntsws.

Kev siv Isoniazid

Isoniazid tau pom zoo rau ntau yam kev siv kho mob, suav nrog:

• Active Tuberculosis: Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv kev kho mob rau cov kab mob TB, feem ntau muab nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Cov kab mob latent tuberculosis: Isoniazid kuj tseem siv los kho tus kab mob TB, uas txhais tau hais tias cov kab mob muaj nyob hauv lub cev tab sis tsis ua rau muaj kab mob. Qhov no pab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob TB yav tom ntej.
• Prophylaxis: Hauv cov tib neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim kab mob TB, xws li cov uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, Isoniazid tuaj yeem raug tshuaj raws li kev tiv thaiv.

Yuav ua li cas Nws Tej hauj lwm

Isoniazid ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tsom mus rau phab ntsa ntawm tes ntawm cov kab mob Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nws cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas ntawm mycolic acids, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob ntawm phab ntsa. Los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem no, Isoniazid tiv thaiv cov kab mob kom tsis txhob loj hlob thiab sib npaug, ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob.

Dosage thiab Administration

Qhov ntau npaum ntawm Isoniazid tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog, qhov hnyav, thiab tus mob raug kho. Nov yog cov qauv dosages:

• Cov Neeg Laus: Cov koob tshuaj ib txwm siv rau kev kho tus mob TB yog 5 mg / kg (mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 300 mg) noj ib hnub ib zaug. Rau latent TB, koob tshuaj feem ntau yog 300 mg ib hnub ib zaug rau 6 mus rau 9 lub hlis.
• Pediatrics: Rau cov menyuam yaus, qhov koob tshuaj feem ntau yog 10-20 mg / kg (mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 300 mg) ib hnub ib zaug rau cov kab mob TB, thiab 10 mg / kg rau latent TB.

Isoniazid muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv, nrog rau cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab kev daws qhov ncauj. Nws feem ntau yog noj ntawm lub plab khoob, ib teev ua ntej lossis ob teev tom qab noj mov, txhawm rau txhim kho kev nqus.

Cov teebmeem ntawm Isoniazid

Thaum Isoniazid feem ntau ua tau zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv. Cov kev mob tshwm sim muaj xws li:

• xeev siab
• Ntuav
• nkees nkees
• Kauj taub hau
• Mob taub hau

Cov kev mob tshwm sim hnyav tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• Lub siab puas (hepatotoxicity)
• Peripheral neuropathy (xov los yog tingling ntawm tes thiab ko taw)
• Kev tsis haum tshuaj (pob liab, khaus, o)
• Kev qaug dab peg (tsis tshua muaj)

Cov neeg mob yuav tsum tshaj tawm cov tsos mob txawv txawv rau lawv tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Tshuaj Kev Sib Thoob

Isoniazid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev phiv los yog txo cov kev kho mob zoo. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj muaj xws li:

• Anti coagulants: Isoniazid tuaj yeem txhim kho cov teebmeem ntawm cov ntshav thinners xws li warfarin, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntshav.
• Antiepileptics: Nws tuaj yeem txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj siv los tswj kev qaug dab peg, xws li phenytoin.
• Dej Cawv: Kev siv cawv ib txhij tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm daim siab puas.
• Qee qhov Antidepressants: Isoniazid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), ua rau muaj kev phiv loj heev.

Nco ntsoov qhia koj tus kws kho mob txog txhua yam tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj uas koj noj.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Isoniazid

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev siv Isoniazid suav nrog:

• Kev Ua Zoo: Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho ob qho tib si nquag thiab latent TB.
• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Siv: Nws pab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob TB nyob rau hauv cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.
• Combination Therapy: Thaum siv nrog lwm cov tshuaj TB, nws txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshuaj.
• Oral Administration: Qhov muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ncauj ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm.

Contraindications ntawm Isoniazid

Qee tus neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob siv Isoniazid, suav nrog:

• Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub: Thaum nws tuaj yeem siv tau thaum cev xeeb tub, nws yuav tsum tau sau nrog ceev faj.
• Cov neeg muaj kab mob siab: Cov neeg uas muaj kab mob siab lossis keeb kwm ntawm lub siab teeb meem yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj Isoniazid vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hepatotoxicity.
• Kev tsis haum: Cov neeg mob uas muaj kev fab tshuaj rau Isoniazid yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj no.

Ceev faj thiab Kev Ceeb Toom

Ua ntej pib Isoniazid, cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau kuaj lub siab ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv muaj keeb kwm mob siab lossis haus cawv tsis tu ncua. Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum kho kom pom cov cim qhia ntawm daim siab puas thaum ntxov. Cov neeg mob kuj yuav tsum paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm peripheral neuropathy thiab qhia txog kev tingling lossis loog loog rau lawv tus kws kho mob.

FAQ

• Kuv yuav ua li cas yog tias kuv tsis noj tshuaj Isoniazid? Yog tias koj tsis noj tshuaj, noj sai li sai tau thaum koj nco qab. Yog tias nws yuav luag lub sijhawm rau koj qhov koob tshuaj ntxiv, hla qhov koob tshuaj uas tsis tau thiab txuas ntxiv nrog koj cov sijhawm li niaj zaus. Tsis txhob muab ob npaug rau koob.
• Kuv puas tuaj yeem haus cawv thaum noj Isoniazid? Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob haus cawv thaum noj Isoniazid, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm daim siab puas.
• Kuv yuav tsum tau noj Isoniazid ntev npaum li cas? Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob txawv. Rau cov kab mob TB nquag, nws feem ntau yog noj rau 6 mus rau 9 lub hlis, thaum rau tus kab mob TB latent, nws yuav raug tshuaj rau 6 mus rau 12 lub hlis.
• Dab tsi yog cov cim qhia ntawm daim siab puas kuv yuav tsum tau saib? Cov tsos mob ntawm daim siab puas muaj xws li yellowing ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog ob lub qhov muag, zis tsaus nti, qaug zog heev, thiab mob plab. Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob no.
• Kuv puas tuaj yeem noj Isoniazid yog tias kuv cev xeeb tub? Isoniazid tuaj yeem siv thaum cev xeeb tub, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau sau nrog ceev faj. Tham txog qhov txaus ntshai thiab cov txiaj ntsig nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
• Isoniazid puas nyab xeeb rau menyuam yaus? Yog lawm, Isoniazid muaj kev nyab xeeb rau menyuam yaus thaum tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg. Cov koob tshuaj yuav raug kho raws li tus menyuam qhov hnyav.
• Kuv yuav ua li cas yog tias kuv muaj kev phiv? Yog tias koj ntsib cov kev mob tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov mob hnyav, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd rau cov lus qhia.
• Kuv puas tuaj yeem noj lwm cov tshuaj thaum noj Isoniazid? Qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob txog txhua yam tshuaj uas koj noj, vim Isoniazid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj.
• Kuv puas yuav tau kuaj ntshav tsis tu ncua thaum noj Isoniazid? Yog lawm, kev kuaj lub siab ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua yuav tsum tau saib xyuas rau lub siab puas tsuaj thaum kho.
• Yuav ua li cas yog tias kuv tsis noj Isoniazid ntxov? Kev tso tseg Isoniazid ntxov tuaj yeem ua rau kev kho tsis ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB. Ib txwm ua kom tiav cov chav kawm uas tau teev tseg.

Hom Lub Npe

Isoniazid muaj nyob hauv ntau lub npe, suav nrog:

• Nydrazid
• Laniazid
• Isotamine
• Rifater (ua ke nrog rifampin thiab pyrazinamide)

xaus

Isoniazid yog ib qho tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam tuberculosis, kho ob qho tib si nquag thiab latent daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob. Nws lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob TB hauv cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem. Txawm hais tias feem ntau muaj kev nyab xeeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog cov kev mob tshwm sim, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem kho mob. Nco ntsoov sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob rau tus kheej cov lus qhia thiab saib xyuas thaum kho.