Cov hniav lwj - Ua rau, cov tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, thiab tiv thaiv

Tooth Decay: Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Kom Nkag Siab, Tiv Thaiv, thiab Kho Nws

Introduction

Cov hniav lwj, tseem hu ua kab noj hniav los yog kab noj hniav, yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav enamel los ntawm cov kua qaub uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj. Nws yog ib qho mob hnyav heev uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xis nyob, kis kab mob, thiab txawm tias hniav poob yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom zoo. Cov hniav lwj tshwm sim thaum cov quav hniav, cov kab mob nplaum nplaum, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hniav thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov suab thaj los ntawm cov khoom noj, ua rau cov kua qaub uas ua rau cov hniav lwj. Tus mob no tiv thaiv tau nrog kev kho hniav kom zoo, tab sis thaum tsis kho, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj.

Lus txhais

Tooth Decay yog dab tsi?

Cov hniav lwj yog cov txheej txheem uas cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov hniav tawg vim cov kua qaub uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau tsim cov kab noj hniav - qhov me me los yog qhib hauv cov hniav. Cov hniav lwj feem ntau pib ntawm cov hniav, qhov twg cov quav hniav sib sau ua ke nrog cov suab thaj thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los ntawm cov khoom noj. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov kua qaub uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob ua rau cov enamel (cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv sab nrauv ntawm cov hniav) thiab nws thiaj li ncav cuag cov txheej hauv cov hniav, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv.

Cov hniav lwj yog ib qho txheej txheem me me uas feem ntau tuaj yeem tsis pom thaum ntxov. Thaum nws loj tuaj, nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob hniav, kis kab mob, thiab kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov hniav. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, nws yuav ua rau xav tau kev tshem tawm cov hniav.

Ua rau thiab Risk Factors

Cov hniav lwj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam ua rau thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo. Kev nkag siab txog cov no tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv thiab tswj tus mob no.

Kab mob/ib puag ncig ua rau

Cov hniav lwj feem ntau yog los ntawm cov kab mob uas nyob hauv qhov ncauj. Cov kab mob feem ntau uas ua rau cov hniav lwj yog Streptococcus mutans thiab Lactobacilli . Cov kab mob no noj cov suab thaj thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov zaub mov thiab tsim cov kua qaub ua cov khoom seem. Cov kua qaub uas cov kab mob no tsim tawm maj mam rhuav cov hniav enamel, ua rau muaj qhov.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov kab mob, cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig xws li kev tu lub qhov ncauj tsis zoo, kev nkag tsis tau rau cov dej huv, thiab tsis muaj kev kuaj hniav tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov hniav lwj.

Genetic/autoimmune ua rau

Cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov hniav lwj. Qee tus neeg tuaj yeem muaj cov noob caj noob ces ua rau cov enamel tsis muaj zog lossis txo qis peev xwm los ua kom cov enamel tom qab nws puas lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee yam kab mob autoimmune tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hniav thiab cov pos hniav, ua rau lawv yooj yim dua rau kev lwj.

Txoj kev ua neej thiab kev noj haus

Kev noj zaub mov ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov hniav lwj. Kev noj zaub mov muaj suab thaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom qab zib, dej qab zib, thiab cov khoom noj ua tiav, muab roj rau cov kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj. Cov piam thaj ntev dua nyob ntawm cov hniav, qhov ntau dua qhov uas yuav lwj. Cov khoom noj muaj kua qaub thiab dej haus, xws li citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo, dej qab zib, thiab cawv, kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov enamel, ua rau cov hniav tuaj yeem ua rau lwj.

Cov cwj pwm zoo li kev noj khoom txom ncauj ntau zaus, kev tu lub qhov ncauj tsis zoo, thiab dej tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau cov hniav lwj. Kev haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov enamel puas tsuaj thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab noj hniav.

Yam Tseem Ceeb Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Hniav Hniav

• Hnub nyoog: Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua rau cov hniav lwj. Cov menyuam yaus tseem tsis tau paub txog kev tu lub qhov ncauj kom raug, thiab cov neeg laus tuaj yeem muaj cov pos hniav thiab cov enamel.
• Tub los ntxhais: Qee cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov poj niam yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua rau cov kab mob hniav vim yog cov tshuaj hormones hloov thaum cev xeeb tub, cev xeeb tub, thiab kev coj khaub ncaws.
• Qhov chaw Geographic: Kev nkag mus rau cov dej fluoridated lossis kev kho hniav tuaj yeem sib txawv raws thaj tsam, cuam tshuam rau feem ntau ntawm cov hniav lwj.
• Cov xwm txheej hauv qab: Cov xwm txheej xws li qhov ncauj qhuav (xerostomia), ntshav qab zib, lossis kev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hniav lwj.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hniav lwj

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hniav tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav. Cov hniav lwj thaum ntxov yuav tsis tsim cov tsos mob tshwm sim, tab sis raws li kev lwj zuj zus tuaj, qee cov cim qhia yuav qhia tau tias muaj kab noj hniav.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hniav lwj

• Mob hniav: Mob tej zaum yuav ntse, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum noj los yog haus dej kub, txias, los yog khoom qab zib.
• Visible Holes los yog Pits: Raws li kev lwj zuj zus tuaj, qhov me me lossis qhov pits tuaj yeem tsim rau ntawm cov hniav.
• Hniav rhiab heev: Ua kom muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau cov khoom kub, txias, lossis cov khoom qab zib yuav qhia tau tias cov hniav lwj thaum ntxov.
• Xim: Cov hniav tuaj yeem tshwm xim xim av, xim dub, lossis dawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj chaw uas cov enamel tau raug cuam tshuam.

Cov Cim Ceeb Toom

Yog tias tsis kho, cov hniav lwj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob, abscesses, lossis hniav poob. Yuav tsum tau nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim yog tias koj ntsib:

• Mob hniav mob hnyav uas tsis txo qis
• o los yog liab nyob ib ncig ntawm cov pos hniav
• Ua npaws los yog muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab los ntawm tus hniav
• Nyuaj qhib qhov ncauj lossis nqos

Diagnostic of Tooth Decay

Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov hniav feem ntau yog kev soj ntsuam xyuas zoo los ntawm tus kws kho hniav. Qhov no suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv kho mob thiab kho hniav keeb kwm, nrog rau kev kuaj lub cev ntawm cov hniav thiab cov pos hniav.

Kev kuaj mob

• X-rays: Kev kho hniav X-rays feem ntau yog siv los xyuas cov kab noj hniav uas tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Lawv tuaj yeem pab tus kws kho hniav txheeb xyuas qhov kev puas tsuaj thaum ntxov.
• Visual Examination: Tus kws kho hniav yuav pom cov hniav kom pom cov tsos mob ntawm kev lwj, xws li kev puas tsuaj, kab noj hniav, lossis kev puas tsuaj.
• Dental Probes: Tus kws kho hniav tuaj yeem siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov muag ntawm cov hniav, uas tuaj yeem qhia tias muaj kev puas tsuaj.

Differential Diagnosis

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov hniav lwj los ntawm lwm yam kev kho hniav, xws li hniav erosion (uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hnav cov hniav enamel vim yog cov khoom noj acidic lossis dej qab zib) los yog cov hniav tawg. Tus kws kho hniav yuav ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas kom paub meej tias qhov kev kuaj mob thiab pom zoo rau kev kho mob uas tsim nyog.

Kev Kho Mob Kev Kho Hniav

Kev kho cov hniav lwj nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav. Kev lwj thaum ntxov tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam me me xwb, thaum qhov kev puas tsuaj loj heev yuav xav tau kev kho mob ntau dua.

Kev kho mob kev kho mob

• Cov Lus Sau: Rau cov kab noj hniav, kev kho mob feem ntau yog kev kho hniav. Qhov seem ntawm cov hniav raug tshem tawm thiab hloov nrog cov khoom siv ruaj khov, xws li amalgam, composite resin, lossis porcelain.
• Root Canal Therapy: Yog hais tias qhov lwj mus txog rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov hniav thiab ua rau muaj kab mob, lub hauv paus kwj dej yuav tsim nyog. Qhov no suav nrog tshem tawm cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob thiab khi cov hniav.
• Crowns: Rau kev lwj loj heev, cov hniav hniav tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm cov hniav uas puas lawm los kho nws txoj haujlwm thiab zoo li qub.
• Hniav Extraction: Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tus hniav puas dhau los yuav tau txais kev cawmdim, kev rho tawm yuav tsim nyog.

Cov Kev Kho Mob Tsis-Pharmacological

• Kev Hloov Kho Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Txo cov piam thaj kom tsawg thiab noj cov zaub mov uas muaj calcium ntau tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob lwj ntxiv thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov enamel.
• Txhim kho qhov ncauj Hygiene: Txhua hnub txhuam hniav ob zaug nrog tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride thiab txhuam hniav tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem pab tshem cov quav hniav thiab tiv thaiv cov hniav.
• Kev kho mob fluoride: Cov kws kho hniav tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj fluoride los pab kho cov enamel uas tsis muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv kev lwj ntxiv.
• Sealants: Hniav sealants yog cov txheej nyias nyias siv rau ntawm qhov chaw zom cov molars los tiv thaiv cov quav hniav tsim thiab lwj.

Kev Txiav Txim Tshwj Xeeb

• Pediatric: Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau muab cov tshuaj fluoride los tiv thaiv cov hniav. Kev mus ntsib kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom muaj kev txhim kho ntawm lawv cov hniav.
• Geriatric: Cov neeg laus tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​qhov ncauj qhuav lossis cov pos hniav rov qab, ua rau lawv yooj yim dua rau kev lwj. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, suav nrog kev kho tshuaj fluoride thiab kev tu lub qhov ncauj kom zoo, yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Teeb meem ntawm Hniav lwj

Yog tias tsis kho, cov hniav lwj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj:

• Tooth Abscess: Kab mob tuaj yeem kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig cov hniav, ua rau mob abscess.
• Cov hniav poob: Kev lwj siab heev tuaj yeem ua rau qhov xav tau ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hniav.
• Cov kab mob: Kev kho tsis tau lwj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob hauv lub cev, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.
• Jawbone puas: Cov mob hnyav ntawm cov hniav tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm cov pob txha hauv lub puab tsaig.

Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Hniav

Tiv thaiv kom hniav lwj yog ua tau nrog kev saib xyuas kom raug thiab kev xaiv txoj kev ua neej:

• Txhuam thiab Floss tsis tu ncua: Txhuam ob zaug ib hnub twg thiab txhuam ib zaug ib hnub tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv cov quav hniav thiab kab noj hniav.
• Txwv Cov Khoom Noj Qab Zib: Txo koj cov khoom noj qab zib thiab dej qab zib yuav pab tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm kev tsim cov kua qaub.
• Siv cov tshuaj fluoride: Fluoride ntxiv dag zog rau cov hniav enamel thiab pab tiv thaiv kev lwj.
• Kev mus ntsib kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua: Kev kuaj xyuas thiab tu txhua hnub nrog tus kws kho hniav tuaj yeem pab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxov thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob mob hnyav.

Prognosis & Long-Term Outlook

Nrog rau kev kuaj mob ntxov thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog, kev soj ntsuam rau cov hniav lwj feem ntau yog qhov zoo. Cov kab noj hniav tuaj yeem sau tau, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov hniav feem ntau tuaj yeem thim rov qab nrog cov tshuaj fluoride. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsis kho, cov hniav lwj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev kho hniav thiab kev noj qab haus huv, nrog rau kev xav tau kev tshem tawm cov hniav lossis lwm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam.

Cov Lus Nquag Nug (FAQ)

1. Dab tsi ua rau cov hniav lwj?

   Cov hniav lwj yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj uas noj cov suab thaj thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, tsim cov kua qaub uas zom cov hniav enamel.

2. Kuv yuav tiv thaiv cov hniav lwj li cas?

   Txhuam txhuam koj cov hniav ob zaug ib hnub, txhuam hniav tsis tu ncua, txwv cov khoom noj qab zib, thiab mus ntsib koj tus kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua.

3. Puas yog cov hniav lwj rov qab tau?

   Kev lwj thaum ntxov tuaj yeem thim rov qab nrog kev kho cov tshuaj fluoride, tab sis ib zaug hauv kab noj hniav, nws yuav tsum tau kho hniav.

4. Cov hniav puas tuaj yeem mob?

   Yog lawm, raws li kev lwj zuj zus tuaj, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hniav rhiab heev lossis mob hnyav.

5. Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tias kuv muaj cov hniav lwj?

   Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hniav lwj muaj xws li mob hniav, pom qhov, rhiab heev, thiab discoloration. Tus kws kho hniav tuaj yeem paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob.

6. Cov hniav puas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kuv kev noj qab haus huv?

   Yog lawm, kev puas tsuaj tsis kho tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob kis mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev.

7. Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho hniav ntau npaum li cas?

   Nws raug nquahu kom mus ntsib kws kho hniav txhua rau lub hlis rau kev kuaj xyuas thiab tu txhua hnub.

8. Puas yog qab zib tsuas yog ua rau cov hniav lwj?

   Txawm hais tias qab zib yog qhov tseem ceeb, kev tu lub qhov ncauj tsis zoo thiab lwm yam zoo li lub qhov ncauj qhuav tuaj yeem ua rau cov hniav lwj.

9. Cov hniav puas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus txawv dua li cov neeg laus?

   Yog lawm, cov menyuam yaus muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov hniav lwj vim kev txhim kho qhov ncauj thiab noj zaub mov.

10. Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho hniav kom hniav lwj?

    Yog tias koj muaj kev mob hniav hnyav, o, lossis noj zaub mov nyuaj, nrhiav kev kho hniav tam sim ntawd.

Thaum Mus ntsib Tus Kws Kho Mob

Nrhiav kev kho mob sai sai yog tias koj tau ua dhau los:

• Mob hnyav, mob hniav tsis tu ncua
• o los yog cov kua paug nyob ib ncig ntawm tus hniav
• Ua npaws lossis ua daus no
• Nyuaj nqos lossis qhib koj lub qhov ncauj

Xaus & Tsis lees paub

Cov hniav lwj yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv tsis tau tab sis ib qho mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kho hniav hnyav yog tias tsis kho. Kev kuaj mob ntxov thiab kev kho mob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev khaws koj cov hniav noj qab haus huv. Xyaum ua kom lub qhov ncauj zoo, ua kev hloov pauv kev noj haus, thiab mus ntsib koj tus kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv cov hniav lwj thiab tswj cov hniav kom zoo rau lub neej.

Lus Ceeb Toom: Tsab xov xwm no tsuas yog rau kev qhia xwb thiab tsis hloov cov lus qhia kho mob. Nco ntsoov sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho hniav lossis tus kws kho mob kom tau cov lus qhia uas haum rau koj qhov xwm txheej.