Scrofula - Ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, thiab tiv thaiv

Scrofula: Nkag siab txog keeb kwm xwm txheej nrog rau niaj hnub cuam tshuam

Introduction

Scrofula, feem ntau hu ua "tus huab tais qhov phem," yog ib lo lus uas muaj keeb kwm cuam tshuam nrog ib hom kab mob lymphadenitis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cuam tshuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam. Cov xwm txheej no muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai, raws li nws tau ntseeg ib zaug tias kev kov vaj ntxwv tuaj yeem kho nws. Hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub no, scrofula tau lees paub feem ntau yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tuberculosis (TB) lossis lwm yam kab mob, thiab nkag siab txog nws qhov ua rau, cov tsos mob, thiab cov kev xaiv kho mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj kom zoo. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yog npaj los muab cov lus qhia dav dav ntawm scrofula, nws qhov cuam tshuam, thiab yuav ua li cas nws thiaj li hais tau hauv thaj chaw kho mob niaj hnub no.

Lus txhais

Scrofula yog dab tsi?

Scrofula txhais tau tias yog ib hom kab mob lymphadenitis uas tshwm sim los ntawm o ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub caj dab. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog tuberculosis, txawm tias nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam kab mob. Lo lus "scrofula" los ntawm lo lus Latin "scrofa," lub ntsiab lus "sow," uas qhia txog qhov o, lumpy tsos ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav. Txawm hais tias scrofula tsis tshwm sim niaj hnub no vim muaj kev nce qib hauv kev kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem, nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj chaw uas mob ntsws tseem yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb rau pej xeem.

Ua rau thiab Risk Factors

Kab mob/ib puag ncig ua rau

Scrofula feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob, nrog Mycobacterium tuberculosis yog cov kab mob ntau tshaj plaws. Cov kab mob no yog lub luag haujlwm rau tuberculosis, uas tuaj yeem kis mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav, ua rau scrofula. Lwm yam kab mob uas yuav ua rau cov lymphadenitis zoo sib xws muaj xws li:

• Tsis-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM): Cov no yog ib puag ncig mycobacteria uas tuaj yeem ua rau lymphadenitis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus.
• Kab mob kab mob: Qee cov kab mob, xws li Staphylococcus aureus thiab Streptococcus hom, tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav.
• Cov kab mob fungal: Qee zaum, cov kab mob fungal xws li histoplasmosis lossis coccidioidomycosis tuaj yeem ua rau lymphadenopathy.

Genetic/autoimmune ua rau

Thaum scrofula feem ntau kis tau, cov kab mob genetic predispositions thiab cov kab mob autoimmune tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv ib tus neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kis kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov tib neeg uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li cov neeg muaj HIV / AIDS lossis qee yam kab mob caj ces, tej zaum yuav muaj feem ntau rau kev tsim scrofula.

Txoj kev ua neej thiab kev noj haus

Kev xaiv kev ua neej thiab kev noj zaub mov tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim scrofula. Kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov vitamins thiab minerals, tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, ua rau tib neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev raug neeg coob coob los yog ib puag ncig uas muaj kev huv huv tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob ntsws thiab lwm yam kab mob.

Yam Tseem Ceeb Risk

Muaj ntau yam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim scrofula:

• Hnub nyoog: Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus feem ntau cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob uas tsis yog tuberculous mycobacterial.
• Tub los ntxhais: Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov txiv neej yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua li poj niam.
• Qhov chaw Geographic: Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj tus kab mob siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim, muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau dua ntawm scrofula.
• Cov xwm txheej hauv qab: Cov tib neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo, xws li cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, HIV, lossis mob qog noj ntshav, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua.

Cov tsos mob

Cov tsos mob ntawm Scrofula

Cov tsos mob ntawm scrofula feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov o ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim muaj xws li:

• Swollen Lymph Nodes: Loj, cov qog nqaij hlav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam.
• Ua npaws: Ua npaws qis tuaj yeem ua rau o.
• Hmo ntuj sweats: Cov neeg mob tuaj yeem tawm hws ntau dhau thaum hmo ntuj.
• Lub cev yuag: Kev poob phaus tsis xav tau tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj kab mob hauv qab.
• Qaug zog: Kev xav ntawm nkees thiab malaise yog ib txwm muaj.

Ceeb Toom Qhia Txog Kev Kho Mob Tam Sim No

Qee cov tsos mob yuav qhia tau tias mob hnyav dua lossis muaj teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau mus kho mob tam sim:

• Mob hnyav: Mob hnyav nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav o los yog ib puag ncig.
• Ua pa nyuaj lossis nqos: Qhov no yuav qhia tau tias qhov o yog compressing ntawm txoj hlab pa los yog txoj hlab pas.
• Rapidly Loj hlob Lumps: Yog hais tias cov qog nqaij hlav loj hlob sai los yog nyuaj, nws yuav qhia tau tias muaj kab mob hnyav dua lossis mob malignancy.
• Persistent Fever: Ua npaws siab uas tsis teb rau cov tshuaj tom khw muag khoom.

mob

Soj ntsuam soj ntsuam

Kev kuaj mob ntawm scrofula pib nrog kev soj ntsuam tag nrho. Cov kws kho mob yuav sau cov keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg mob kom ntxaws, suav nrog cov kab mob tsis ntev los no, keeb kwm kev mus ncig, thiab kev kis tus kab mob rau cov tib neeg. Kev ntsuam xyuas lub cev yuav tsom mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav, ntsuas lawv qhov loj me, rhiab, thiab sib xws.

Kev kuaj mob

Qee qhov kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm scrofula:

• Laboratory xeem: Kev kuaj ntshav tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.
• Kev tshawb fawb duab: Ultrasound lossis CT scans tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov qog ntshav qog ntshav thiab txiav tawm lwm yam mob.
• Raug me: Qee zaum, kev kuaj ntshav ntawm cov qog ntshav qog ntshav yuav tsim nyog los txiav txim seb qhov ua rau qhov o. Qhov no tuaj yeem koom nrog kev zoo-koob aspiration lossis excisional biopsy.
• Tuberculin Skin Test lossis Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs): Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no tuaj yeem pab txiav txim seb tus neeg puas tau kis tus kab mob.

Differential Diagnosis

Thaum kuaj mob scrofula, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum xav txog lwm yam mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob zoo sib xws, suav nrog:

• Lymphoma: Ib hom mob qog noj ntshav uas cuam tshuam rau lymphatic system.
• Lwm yam kab mob: Xws li miv khawb kub taub hau lossis kab mob kis kab mob.
• Sarcoidosis: Cov kab mob inflammatory uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov qog ntshav qab zib.

Cov Kev Xaiv Kho

Kev kho mob kev kho mob

Kev kho mob ntawm scrofula feem ntau yog tsom rau kev daws qhov mob hauv qab. Yog tias tus kab mob tau pom tseeb, cov kev kho mob hauv qab no yuav raug ua haujlwm:

• Cov tshuaj Antitubercular: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, xws li isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, thiab pyrazinamide, feem ntau yog muab rau lub sijhawm rau rau lub hlis lossis ntev dua.
• Surgical Intervention: Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas abscesses los yog yog hais tias muaj ib tug loj lymph node o ua rau tsis xis nyob, yuav tsum tau phais los yog excision.

Cov Kev Kho Mob Tsis-Pharmacological

Ntxiv nrog rau kev kho mob, ntau txoj hauv kev uas tsis yog tshuaj kho mob tuaj yeem txhawb kev rov zoo:

• Kev them nyiaj yug noj zaub mov: Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo uas muaj cov vitamins thiab minerals tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Kev co: Nyob zoo-hydrated yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho thiab rov zoo.
• So: Kev so kom txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub cev kom zoo thiab rov zoo los ntawm kev kis kab mob.

Kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg sib txawv

• Pediatric Patients: Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau hloov cov tshuaj noj thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov kev mob tshwm sim.
• Cov neeg mob Geriatric: Cov neeg laus tuaj yeem muaj cov lus teb sib txawv rau kev kho mob thiab yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau cov mob comorbid.

Teeb meem

Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm Untreated Scrofula

Yog tias scrofula tsis kho lossis tswj tsis tau zoo, ntau qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim:

• Kab mob Chronic: Tus kab mob tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob tsis tu ncua thiab teeb meem.
• Abscess Formation: Cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem tsim kho abscesses, yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev phais.
• Kev kis kab mob: Tus kab mob tuaj yeem kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, suav nrog lub ntsws lossis pob txha.
• Scarring thiab Disfigurement: Cov mob hnyav yuav ua rau muaj caws pliav lossis ua rau lub caj dab disfigure.

Short-Term and Long-Term Complications

Cov teeb meem luv luv tuaj yeem suav nrog qhov mob thiab tsis xis nyob, thaum cov teeb meem mus sij hawm ntev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas cuam tshuam txog tuberculosis lossis lwm yam mob. Kev kuaj mob ntxov thiab kev kho mob yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem no.

Kev tiv thaiv

Cov tswv yim tiv thaiv Scrofula

Kev tiv thaiv scrofula feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm tuberculosis thiab lwm yam kab mob. Cov tswv yim muaj xws li:

• Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) tuaj yeem muab qee yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.
• Cov kev coj huv huv: Kev ntxuav tes tsis tu ncua thiab tswj kev tu cev zoo tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Kev Hloov Kho Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo uas muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab cov nplej tag nrho tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Kev Hloov Kev Ua Neej: Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv ntau dhau tuaj yeem txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo kis mob.

Prognosis & Long-Term Outlook

Course of the Disease

Qhov kev kwv yees rau scrofula feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob. Nrog kev pab kho mob tsim nyog, feem ntau cov tib neeg tuaj yeem xav tau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas muaj kab mob siab heev los yog muaj teeb meem loj tuaj yeem ntsib kev nyuaj dua.

Factors Influencing Prognosis

Ntau yam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov kev mob tshwm sim, suav nrog:

• Thaum ntxov Diagnosis: Kev txheeb xyuas sai thiab kho tus mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
• Ua raws li Kev Kho Mob: Ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev kho mob tau sau tseg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev rov zoo.
• Kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho: Cov tib neeg uas muaj kev noj qab haus huv ua ntej tuaj yeem ntsib cov txheej txheem rov qab nyuaj dua.

Cov Lus Nquag Nug (FAQ)

1. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm scrofula yog dab tsi? Scrofula feem ntau tshwm sim nrog cov qog o hauv caj dab, ua npaws, tawm hws hmo ntuj, qaug zog, thiab tsis txhob poob phaus. Yog tias koj muaj mob hnyav lossis ua pa nyuaj, nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
2. Yuav kuaj li cas scrofula? Kev kuaj mob suav nrog kev soj ntsuam kuaj mob, suav nrog keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg mob thiab kuaj lub cev, nrog rau kev kuaj sim, kev tshawb fawb pom, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj kev kuaj biopsy kom paub meej tias qhov laj thawj.
3. Dab tsi ua rau scrofula? Scrofula feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm tuberculosis, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam kab mob, suav nrog cov kab mob uas tsis yog tuberculous mycobacteria thiab kab mob.
4. Puas tuaj yeem kho scrofula? Yog lawm, scrofula tuaj yeem kho tau zoo nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tias mob ntsws yog qhov ua rau. Kev phais yuav tsim nyog nyob rau qee kis.
5. Puas yog scrofula kis tau? Scrofula nws tus kheej tsis kis tau, tab sis cov kab mob hauv qab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tuberculosis, tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus los ntawm cov kua ua pa.
6. Kuv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv scrofula li cas? Kev tiv thaiv scrofula cuam tshuam txog kev txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm tuberculosis los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev tu cev zoo, thiab tswj kev noj qab haus huv.
7. Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem ntawm scrofula tsis kho? Tsis kho scrofula tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob ntev, kev tsim kho abscess, kis tus kab mob mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev, thiab muaj peev xwm caws pliav lossis ua tsis zoo.
8. Leej twg muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev tsim scrofula? Cov tib neeg uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, cov menyuam yaus, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj tus kab mob siab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua rau kev tsim scrofula.
9. Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob rau scrofula? Nrhiav kev kho mob yog tias koj muaj cov qog nqaij hlav o, ua npaws tsis tu ncua, mob hnyav, lossis ua tsis taus pa, vim cov no yuav qhia tau tias muaj mob hnyav dua.
10. Dab tsi yog qhov kev xav mus sij hawm ntev rau ib tus neeg nrog scrofula? Nrog rau kev kuaj mob ntxov thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog, kev saib mus ntev rau scrofula feem ntau yog qhov zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, yam xws li kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho thiab kev ua raws li kev kho mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev rov zoo.

Thaum Mus ntsib Tus Kws Kho Mob

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim yog tias koj ntsib ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob loj hauv qab no:

• Kev mob hnyav nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav o los yog ib puag ncig.
• Ua pa nyuaj lossis nqos.
• Loj hlob sai heev hauv lub caj dab.
• Ua npaws siab uas tsis teb rau kev kho mob.

Xaus & Tsis lees paub

Scrofula, thaum keeb kwm tseem ceeb, tseem yog ib qho mob tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm tuberculosis thiab lwm yam kab mob. Kev nkag siab txog nws cov laj thawj, cov tsos mob, thiab cov kev xaiv kho mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj kom zoo. Yog tias koj xav tias koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub yuav muaj scrofula, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Lus Ceeb Toom: Tsab xov xwm no tsuas yog rau kev qhia xwb thiab tsis hloov cov lus qhia kho mob. Ib txwm sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob kom paub txog kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob uas haum rau koj tus kheej.