Cov lus teb ncaj qha
Kev kuaj mob qhov quav (digital rectal examination - DRE) yog kev kuaj mob luv luv uas tus kws kho mob muab ib tug ntiv tes uas muaj hnab looj tes thiab roj nplua nyeem ntxig rau hauv qhov quav kom kov qhov quav, qhov quav qis thiab, rau cov txiv neej, qhov chaw tom qab ntawm prostate. DRE yog kev kuaj mob thiab kev ntsuam xyuas, tsis yog kev kuaj mob, nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm prostate lossis mob qog noj ntshav qhov quav.
Tus yuam sij takeaways
- Muaj peev xwm ncav cuag: Tus ntiv tes kuaj tsuas yog ncav cuag lub qhov quav, lub qhov quav qis thiab ib feem ntawm lub prostate xwb, feem ntau ntawm cov hnyuv loj thiab feem ntau ntawm lub qhov quav nyob deb ntawm qhov ncav cuag.
- Tsis yog kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav: Kev kuaj mob DRE ib txwm tsis tau txiav txim siab tias muaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate, qhov quav lossis qhov quav; ntau yam mob qog nqaij hlav thaum ntxov tsis tuaj yeem hnov.
- Sai thiab feem ntau ua tau zoo: Feem ntau qhov kev kuaj mob nws tus kheej siv sijhawm tsawg dua ib feeb, thiab tag nrho cov kauj ruam kev sab laj siv sijhawm ob peb feeb xwb.
- Siv nrog lwm cov kev ntsuam xyuas: Kev kuaj ntshav PSA, MRI, colonoscopy, proctoscopy lossis anorectal physiology kev kuaj teb cov lus nug uas DRE ua tsis tau.
- Kev pom zoo thiab kev ceev ntiag tug muaj teeb meem: Koj tuaj yeem thov kom muaj tus saib xyuas, piav qhia ua ntej qhov kev xeem pib, lossis kom nres thaum twg los tau.
Ib nrais muag
| feature | Nthuav dav |
|---|---|
| Nws yog dab tsi | Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub txaj pw ntawm lub qhov quav, qhov quav qis thiab prostate siv tus ntiv tes hnab looj tes |
| Leej twg ua nws | Kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob uas tau kawm tiav, kws kho mob urologist, kws phais mob dav dav, kws kho mob plab hnyuv, kws kho mob, kws kho mob poj niam |
| Lub sijhawm tau txais | Feem ntau siv sijhawm 30-60 vib nas this los kuaj xyuas; ob peb feeb suav nrog kev piav qhia, kev tso chaw thiab kev hnav khaub ncaws |
| Tshuaj loog | Tsis tas yuav tsum tau; cov tshuaj loog hauv zos yuav siv tau yog tias qhov quav mob |
| Kev npaj | Feem ntau tsis muaj dab tsi tsuas yog nchuav cov zis xwb; cov lus qhia txawv ntawm ib lub tsev kho mob mus rau lwm qhov |
| tau | Cov ntsiab lus tau tham txog tam sim ntawd tom qab kev kuaj xyuas |
| Kev txwv tseem ceeb | Tsuas yog ncav cuag qhov deb me ntsis xwb; tsis tuaj yeem lees paub lossis tsis suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav |
Kuj hu ua
- DRE, kev kuaj mob qhov quav siv digital, kev kuaj mob qhov quav siv digital
- Kev kuaj mob qhov quav, kev kuaj PR, "Kev kuaj P/R", lo lus feem ntau siv rau ntawm cov ntawv sau tshuaj thiab cov ntawv sau txog rooj plaub hauv Is Nrias teb
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub qhov quav, kev kuaj ntiv tes, kev kuaj mob prostate los ntawm ntiv tes
- Hais txog qee lub tsev kho mob li "kev xeem PR tiav lawm" hauv cov ntawv sau tseg tso tawm
Kev kuaj mob qhov quav siv digital yog dab tsi?
"Digital" txhais tau tias tus ntiv tes (tus lej), tsis yog rau ib yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov no yog kev nkag siab yuam kev. Tus kws kho mob hnav hnab looj tes, siv cov roj nplua nyeem, thiab maj mam ntxig ib tug ntiv tes los ntawm lub qhov quav mus rau hauv qab lub qhov quav.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub qhov quav siv digital yuav soj ntsuam:
- Txoj hlab ntsha thiab lub sphincter: lub suab so, kev nyem tsis xav tau, mob, spasm, fissure, thrombosed pile, abscess, sinus.
- Qis dua ntawm lub qhov quav: cov qog nqaij hlav, cov polyps uas nyob ze rau koj ncav cuag, qhov nqaim, cov quav sib xws, cov quav raug ntaus, ntshav lossis cov hnoos qeev ntawm cov hnab looj tes.
- Prostate (txiv neej): qhov loj kwv yees li, qhov chaw, qhov sib npaug, qhov sib xws, cov qog, qhov mob ntawm sab nraub qaum.
- Cov qauv ntawm lub duav (poj niam): rectovaginal septum thiab posterior pelvis, qee zaum ua ib feem ntawm kev kuaj mob rectovaginal ua ke.
Cov ntsiab lus nrhiav tau yog piav qhia xwb. Lawv coj cov kauj ruam tom ntej es tsis yog muab kev kuaj mob.
Vim li cas thiaj ua qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm lub qhov quav
- Cov tsos mob ntawm txoj hlab zis qis hauv cov txiv neej: Cov dej ntws tsis muaj zog, kev yig, zaus, kev tawm zis hmo ntuj, los ntsuas qhov loj me thiab qhov chaw ntawm prostate thiab los pab cais qhov txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm prostatic los ntawm qhov prostate uas muaj kev xav tsis thoob.
- Kev ntsuam xyuas mob qog nqaij hlav prostate: ua ke nrog PSA thiab, qhov twg qhia, multiparametric MRI ntawm prostate.
- Los ntshav ntawm qhov quav, mob qhov quav lossis khaus: nrhiav qhov tawg, pob zeb, qaws, qog nqaij hlav qis hauv qhov quav.
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm tso zis lossis xav tias muaj kev thaiv: txhawm rau kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj qog hauv qhov quav qis, cov quav uas raug cuam tshuam lossis qhov quav uas khoob.
- Kab mob cem quav thiab tso zis tsis tau: txhawm rau soj ntsuam lub suab ntawm lub sphincter, kev nyem, tus qauv kev ncab thiab kev cuam tshuam.
- Mob plab mog los yog mob perianal, xav tias yog fistula los yog abscess: ua ib feem ntawm kev kuaj xyuas thawj zaug.
- Ua ntej qee cov txheej txheem: xws li proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy lossis colonoscopy, los xyuas seb lub qhov quav puas hla tau.
- Cov chaw teeb tsa ceev ceev: xav tias raug mob rau cov leeg ntawm tus txha caj qaum lossis cauda equina syndrome, qhov twg lub suab ntawm sphincter thiab kev hnov ntawm perianal nqa qhov hnyav.
Leej twg yuav tsum tau txais qhov kev kuaj xyuas no
- Cov txiv neej uas muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev tso zis lossis raug soj ntsuam rau kab mob prostate, feem ntau yog txij li xyoo caum thib tsib mus, thiab ua ntej ntawd qhov twg muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav prostate lossis keeb kwm African.
- Txhua tus neeg uas muaj kev los ntshav hauv qhov quav, mob qhov quav, muaj pob, muaj kua tawm los yog hloov pauv tsis paub meej hauv kev quav, thaum twg los tau.
- Cov neeg uas muaj mob raws plab uas tsis tau teb rau cov kev ntsuas tus qauv, lossis nrog cov quav qias neeg lossis tsis tuav tau quav.
- Cov poj niam uas muaj mob plab mog tom qab, tso quav tsis tau lossis xav tias muaj kab mob rectovaginal, feem ntau ua ke nrog kev kuaj mob poj niam.
- Cov neeg raug soj ntsuam rau qhov xav tias muaj cauda equina syndrome lossis teeb meem tshiab ntawm tus txha caj qaum.
Kev kuaj mob qhov quav digital tsis pom zoo kom ua kev kuaj mob ib leeg rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj tsos mob thiab tsis muaj yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Cov lus qhia txog kev siv DRE rau kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate tau nqaim dua kaum xyoo dhau los, nrog rau cov koom haum loj tam sim no hais txog kev sib tham txog kev paub thiab PSA-raws li txoj kev es tsis yog DRE ib leeg xwb. Qhov kev txiav txim siab los kuaj mob yog nyob ntawm tus kws kho mob uas ntsuas koj, thiab koj yuav tsis kam.
Tej yam uas kev kuaj mob qhov quav hauv lub qhov quav tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau lossis tsis suav nrog
Qhov no yog ntu tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nplooj ntawv, vim tias DRE feem ntau raug txhais ntau dhau hauv ob qho kev qhia.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem zam tsis tau mob qog nqaij hlav prostate. Tus ntiv tes kuaj feem ntau ncav cuag lub qog prostate sab tom qab thiab sab nraud. Cov qog mob hauv lub qog pem hauv ntej, thaj chaw hloov pauv lossis siab hauv lub qog feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem kov tau. Muaj ntau cov qog mob prostate uas tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej uas muaj lub qog prostate zoo li qub.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem zam tsis tau mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm txoj hnyuv. Tsuas yog ob peb centimeters kawg ntawm lub qhov quav thiaj li ncav cuag tau. Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub qhov quav sab saud, txoj hnyuv loj sigmoid lossis qhov twg saum toj no tsis tuaj yeem kov tau. Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv loj yog kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv loj.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qib lossis theem mob qog noj ntshav. Kev txiav txim siab theem yuav tsum tau siv cov duab thaij thiab cov ntaub ntawv histopathology los ntawm kev kuaj mob.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntim ntawm prostate kom raug. Kev kwv yees ntawm cov ntiv tes tsuas yog cuam tshuam me ntsis nrog qhov ntim ntsuas los ntawm ultrasound, thiab thaj chaw hloov pauv ntawm cov qog, qhov twg feem ntau tshwm sim qhov loj me me, tsis raug ntsuas los ntawm ntiv tes.
- Nws nrhiav tsis tau qhov chaw ntawm feem ntau cov ntshav tawm hauv qhov quav kom paub tseeb. Kev hnov mob pob khaus tsis tau pov thawj tias cov pob khaus ua rau los ntshav; qhov mob ze dua tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ke.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hemorrhoids sab hauv, uas yog mos thiab feem ntau tsis kov tau, xav tau proctoscopy lossis anoscopy.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj mob kab mob plab hnyuv, kab mob celiac lossis kab mob plab hnyuv.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ua haujlwm ntawm sphincter; anorectal manometry thiab endoanal ultrasound ua li ntawd.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov tseeb ntawm cov zes qe menyuam, lub tsev menyuam lossis cov raj fallopian. Cov lus qhia uas DRE kuaj mob fibroids, ovarian cysts lossis endometriosis tsis raug, pelvic ultrasound thiab, qhov twg qhia, MRI lossis laparoscopy yog cov kev tshawb nrhiav tseem ceeb.
Ib qho kev tshawb pom piav qhia tias "tsis tau txheeb xyuas" lossis "tsis muaj qhov txawv txav" txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi txawv txav uas koj tus ntiv tes ncav cuag tau rau hnub ntawd. Qhov ntawd tsis zoo ib yam li ib qho mob uas raug tshem tawm. Yog tias koj cov tsos mob tseem muaj txawm tias koj tau kuaj mob li qub, rov qab mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob dua li xav tias txhua yam zoo.
Kev ntsuam xyuas sib txuas tab sis sib txawv
Cov no yog cov kev xeem sib cais teb cov lus nug sib cais. Tsis muaj ib qho hloov lwm qhov.
| Kev xeem | Lo lus nug nws teb | Qhov txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DRE |
|---|---|---|
| Kev kuaj mob qhov quav siv digital | Puas muaj dab tsi txawv txav nyob rau hauv lub qhov quav, lub qhov quav qis lossis lub prostate tom qab? | Nyob ib sab ntawm txaj, tsis muaj cuab yeej, ncav cuag tsawg heev, raws li tus neeg xav tau |
| Kev kuaj mob Proctoscopy / anoscopy | Cov qhov quav thiab qhov quav qis tshaj plaws, cov pob sab hauv, cov qhov tawg, thiab cov papillae zoo li cas? | Siv cov cuab yeej luv luv uas ci ntsa iab; pom kev dua li kov tau |
| Sigmoidoscopy yooj yim | Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim hauv lub qhov quav thiab sab laug plab hnyuv? | Endoscope; tso cai rau kev kuaj biopsy; feem ntau xav tau enema |
| Colonoscopy | Puas muaj kab mob nyob qhov twg hauv tag nrho cov hnyuv loj thiab qhov quav? | Kev npaj plab tag nrho, kev siv tshuaj loog, kev kuaj nqaij thiab kev tshem tawm cov polyp ua tau |
| Kev kuaj ntshav PSA | Puas yog qib prostate-specific antigen nce siab? | Kev kuaj ntshav; nce los ntawm kev kis kab mob, o, kev khaws cia thiab kev loj hlob zoo, tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav xwb |
| MRI ntawm prostate ntau yam | Puas muaj qhov mob uas txawv txawv, thiab yuav tsum kuaj qhov twg? | Cov duab tag nrho cov qog suav nrog cov cheeb tsam uas tus ntiv tes tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag |
| Kev kuaj mob prostate los ntawm kev siv transrectal los yog transperineal biopsy | Puas muaj cov qog nqaij hlav, thiab qib twg? | Tsuas yog kev kuaj mob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiaj li paub tseeb tias muaj mob qog noj ntshav xwb |
| Kev siv ultrasound transrectal (TRUS) | Qhov ntim thiab cov qauv sab hauv ntawm lub prostate yog dab tsi? | Siv lub probe; ntsuas qhov ntim tau zoo dua li tus ntiv tes |
| Kev ntsuas qhov loj ntawm lub qhov quav thiab qhov quav ultrasound | Cov sphincters muaj zog npaum li cas thiab puas muaj kev rhuav tshem ntawm cov qauv? | Cov ntaub ntawv siab thiab cov duab kos |
| Kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv quav (FIT) | Puas muaj ntshav zais rau hauv cov quav? | Kev kuaj quav siv rau hauv txoj kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab hnyuv |
| Kev kuaj mob ntawm qhov chaw mos | Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim hauv lub septum ntawm qhov quav thiab qhov chaw mos? | Kev siv ob tug ntiv tes ua ke nrog kev kuaj qhov chaw mos |
Qhov twg los ua ntej nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem, tsis yog nyob ntawm qib ruaj khov. Rau kev los ntshav ntawm qhov quav nrog mob qhov quav, kev kuaj mob ntxiv rau proctoscopy feem ntau yog qhov pib. Rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev quav nrog kev poob phaus lossis ntshav tsis txaus, colonoscopy yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau cov tsos mob ntawm cov zis hauv tus txiv neej laus, keeb kwm, kev kuaj mob, kev kuaj zis, kev ntsuas ntws thiab kev sib tham txog PSA tuaj yeem ua ke. Rau kev xav tias muaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate, MRI ua ntej biopsy tam sim no yog tus qauv hauv ntau txoj kev.
Yuav npaj li cas
Kev npaj rau kev kuaj mob qhov quav feem ntau yog tsawg heev, tab sis cov lus qhia txawv ntawm cov chaw kho mob thiab cov chav haujlwm. Cov lus qhia ntawm koj chav haujlwm muaj qhov tseem ceeb dua txhua yam uas sau ntawm no.
- Lub zais zis: Muaj ntau lub tsev kho mob hais kom koj tso zis tawm ua ntej. Yog tias koj npaj yuav kuaj zis los yog kuaj ultrasound tom qab tso zis tas, koj yuav raug hais kom mus nrog lub zis puv nkaus, ua raws li tsab ntawv teem sijhawm.
- Plab hnyuv: Feem ntau tsis tas yuav siv tshuaj enema los yog tshuaj laxative. Qee lub chaw kho mob proctology siv tshuaj enema me me yog tias npaj yuav siv proctoscopy ua ke.
- Cov tshuaj kho mob: Noj koj cov tshuaj raws li tau qhia. Tsis txhob tsum cov tshuaj uas ua rau cov ntshav nyias lossis lwm yam tshuaj rau qhov kev kuaj mob no yam tsis tau nrog tus kws kho mob tham.
- Qhia rau tus kws kho mob: txog qhov mob ntawm qhov quav, qhov tawg uas paub lawm, phais qhov quav tsis ntev los no, teeb meem los ntshav, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo, cov ntshav platelet tsawg, kev kho mob radiotherapy rau lub duav yav dhau los, lossis keeb kwm uas ua rau kev kuaj xyuas qhov chaw mos ntxhov siab.
- Lub sijhawm PSA: Yog tias npaj yuav kuaj PSA, ntau tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau rho ntshav ua ntej kuaj. Kev xyaum txawv; nug lub tsev kho mob.
- Khaub ncaws thiab tus saib xyuas: Hnav khaub ncaws uas yooj yim tshem tawm. Koj tuaj yeem thov kom muaj tus saib xyuas, thiab koj tuaj yeem thov tus kws kho mob ntawm ib tug poj niam txiv neej tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Yog koj xeeb tub
Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub qhov quav siv digital tuaj yeem ua tau thaum cev xeeb tub yog tias pom tias mob pob qhov quav lossis muaj qhov tawg. Qhia rau tus kws kho mob tias koj cev xeeb tub kom koj hloov tau qhov chaw, thiab tsis txhob pw ncaj nraim rau ntawm nraub qaum ntev thaum cev xeeb tub tom qab.
Cov me nyuam
Kev kuaj qhov quav rau menyuam yaus tsuas yog ua thaum muaj laj thawj tseeb, los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev kho mob menyuam yaus, nrog rau niam txiv lossis tus saib xyuas nyob ntawd thiab nrog kev piav qhia thiab kev pom zoo raws li hnub nyoog. Nws tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev kuaj xyuas menyuam yaus.
Cov laus
Yog tias koj mob lub duav lossis mob pob txha caj qaum, mob nqaij lossis nyuaj rau kev sib npaug, tej zaum koj yuav xav tau kev pab txhawb nqa. Feem ntau, kev zaum sab laug nrog lub hauv caug tsa siab yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Kev raug mob ntawm cov quav yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab pom ntau hauv pawg no.
Cov neeg uas muaj mob qhov quav, qhov tawg lossis phais tsis ntev los no
Kev kuaj mob yuav raug ncua, ua nrog cov tshuaj loog hauv zos, lossis hloov los ntawm kev kuaj mob nrog tshuaj loog yog tias qhov mob ua tsis tau. Kev yuam kom kuaj mob rau ntawm qhov quav uas nruj thiab mob tsis tsim nyog.
Cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem ntshav, cov platelets qis lossis noj tshuaj anticoagulation
Feem ntau qhov kev kuaj mob tseem ua tau, tab sis qhia rau tus kws kho mob kom siv cov tshuaj mos mos thiab cov roj nplua nyeem ntxiv thiab saib xyuas seb puas muaj ntshav los. Tsis txhob hloov cov tshuaj anticoagulant koj tus kheej.
Cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsawg dua
Cov neeg uas muaj cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg thaum lub sijhawm kho mob chemotherapy feem ntau raug qhia kom tsis txhob kuaj qhov quav thiab siv cov ntsuas kub lossis cov koob txhaj tshuaj vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob. Koj pab neeg kho mob qog noj ntshav yuav qhia.
Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob
- Kev Piav Qhia thiab Kev Pom Zoo: Tus kws kho mob piav qhia txog yam yuav ua thiab yog vim li cas, thiab thov koj tso cai. Tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug neeg saib xyuas koj.
- Kev Tiv Thaiv: Koj hle khaub ncaws txij ntawm lub duav mus rau tom qab daim ntaub thaiv lossis hauv chav kaw thiab npog nrog daim ntaub lossis lub tsho loj.
- Txoj hauj lwm: Feem ntau lawv zaum sab laug nrog lub hauv caug rub mus rau hauv siab. Qee zaum sawv ntsug thiab nyo hau mus tom ntej, lossis pw ntawm nraub qaum nrog lub hauv caug khoov.
- Kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej: Tus kws kho mob yuav saib daim tawv nqaij ncig lub qhov quav seb puas muaj qhov tawg, pob khaus, pob khaus tawv nqaij, pob khaus tawm los yog qhov qhib ntawm lub qhov ntswg.
- Kev Koom Tes: Maj mam muab tus ntiv tes uas siv hnab looj tes roj nplua nyeem zoo tso rau hauv. Ua pa tawm tas li thiab cia cov leeg nqaij so kom txo qhov tsis xis nyob.
- Kev xav nyob ib puag ncig: Tus ntiv tes txhuam phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov quav thiab, rau cov txiv neej, txhuam lub prostate. Tej zaum yuav hais kom koj nias thiab tom qab ntawd txhuam koj lub cev zoo li koj tab tom tso quav.
- Thim: Lub hnab looj tes raug kuaj seb puas muaj xim quav, ntshav lossis hnoos qeev. Koj tau txais daim ntaub so ntswg thiab kev ntiag tug kom koj hnav khaub ncaws tau.
Kev kuaj mob yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas
Feem ntau qhov kev ntxig thiab kev kuaj mob yuav siv sijhawm li 30 txog 60 vib nas this . Xws li kev piav qhia, kev pom zoo, kev tso thiab kev hnav khaub ncaws, yuav siv sijhawm li 5 feeb hauv kev sab laj. Yog tias kev kuaj mob proctoscopy, ultrasound lossis kev kuaj ntshav ua ke, kev mus ntsib tag nrho yuav ntev dua. Cov ntaub ntawv pom tau raug tham tam sim ntawd, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw kuaj mob.
Nkag siab txog koj cov kev tshawb pom
Cov ntaub ntawv kuaj qhov quav hauv digital yog cov lus piav qhia, tsis yog cov lej. Cov kab lus feem ntau thiab lawv feem ntau txhais li cas:
| Cov lus qhia hauv cov ntawv sau | Nws piav qhia txog dab tsi |
|---|---|
| Lub suab ntawm qhov quav zoo li qub, tsis muaj pob khaus, huv si hauv hnab looj tes | Tsis muaj dab tsi txawv txawv uas koj xav tias muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd |
| Prostate du, ruaj khov, loj hlob nrog lub median sulcus khaws cia | Tus qauv feem ntau pom nrog benign prostatic enlargement |
| Pob txha tawv / pob txha tawg, tsis sib luag / poob ntawm qhov sulcus | Xav tias muaj kev txawv txav, xav tau PSA, MRI thiab feem ntau yog biopsy los ntsuam xyuas |
| Zoo nkauj heev, boggy prostate | Qhia tias muaj mob prostatitis; xav tau kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv |
| Qhov quav pem hauv ntej / qhov quav tom qab nrog kev mob plab | Ib qho kua muag hauv daim ntaub qhov quav, feem ntau mob heev |
| Qhov loj ntawm lub qhov quav uas kov tau ntawm X cm ntawm ntug qhov quav | Xav tau kev kuaj mob thiab kuaj nqaij sai sai |
| Cov quav tawv uas puv lub qhov quav | Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov quav |
| Lub zog nias tsis zoo | Qhia txog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub sphincter; kev sim tshuaj xyuas yuav ua raws |
| Cov ntshav tshiab los yog cov ntshav hloov pauv ntawm hnab looj tes | Yuav tsum nrhiav qhov chaw los ntshav, DRE ib leeg tsis tau tsim nws |
Cov lus piav qhia no yog nyob ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj. Ob tug kws kho mob yuav piav qhia txog tib lub prostate txawv me ntsis, thiab qhov kwv yees ntawm qhov loj me sib txawv ntawm cov neeg kuaj mob. Cov kev tshawb pom yuav tsum tau txhais raws li koj cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob thiab lwm yam kev kuaj mob los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tau kuaj mob koj. Cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv nyob ntawm tus kheej qhov xwm txheej. Qib lossis cov lus piav qhia ntawm nws tus kheej tsis yog kev kuaj mob.
Thaum cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua rau neeg nkag siab yuam kev
Thaum muaj teeb meem uas yuav tsis pom (ua kom ntseeg siab tsis tseeb)
- Tsis ncav cuag: cov qhov txhab hauv nruab nrab lossis sab saud ntawm lub qhov quav, txoj hnyuv loj sigmoid lossis lub prostate pem hauv ntej tsis tuaj yeem hnov.
- Cov qhov txhab mos mos: cov polyps tiaj tiaj, cov qog nqaij hlav thaum ntxov thiab cov ntshav sab hauv feem ntau zoo li cov nqaij ib txwm muaj.
- Lub qhov quav uas muaj roj ntau: lub qhov quav puv nkaus tuaj yeem zais ib qho pob me me.
- Txwv tsis pub nkag: kev rog dhau heev, lub duav tob, qhov quav ntswj, mob lossis tus ntiv tes luv luv ua rau tsis ncav cuag tau zoo.
- Kev paub ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam: kev kuaj pom cov qog prostate me me zoo dua nrog kev paub dhau los; kev pom zoo ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam yog me ntsis.
Thaum qhov kev kuaj mob yuav qhia tias muaj kab mob uas tsis muaj (ua rau muaj kev ceeb toom cuav)
- Kev ruaj khov zoo: cov pob zeb prostatic, prostatitis yav dhau los, qhov txhab tom qab kuaj biopsy, kev kho mob radiotherapy yav dhau los lossis TURP tuaj yeem ua rau prostate tawv lossis tsis xwm yeem.
- Cov vesicles seminal thiab cov kab rov tav ib txwm muaj tuaj yeem yuam kev rau cov nodules.
- Cov quav los yog cov quav mucosal tuaj yeem xav tias zoo li polyp.
- Kev mob los ntawm qhov tawg lossis spasm tej zaum yuav raug nyeem ua pathology tob dua.
Cov teebmeem ntawm PSA
Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub qhov quav maj mam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau PSA rau feem ntau cov txiv neej. Kev kuaj mob prostate biopsy, catheterisation, kev kis kab mob hauv cov zis, kev khaws cia sai sai, kev caij tsheb kauj vab hnyav thiab kev tso zis tsis ntev los no tuaj yeem ua rau PSA nce ntxiv. Qee cov tshuaj siv rau kev loj hlob ntawm prostate tsis muaj teeb meem txo PSA ntau lub hlis, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob txhua yam tshuaj uas koj noj, thiab tsis txhob tsum ib qho ntawm lawv ntawm koj tus kheej.
Kev Pheej Hmoo thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb
Kev kuaj mob qhov quav siv digital yog kev kuaj mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg, tab sis kev pheej hmoo tsawg tsis yog tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo, thiab kev pheej hmoo txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej.
Kev kuaj mob niaj hnub rau ib tus neeg uas muaj lub qhov quav noj qab nyob zoo
Xav tias yuav tsis xis nyob ib ntus, xav tias yuav tsum tau tso zis, thiab qee zaum yuav muaj ntshav me ntsis yog tias muaj pob zeb. Cov teeb meem loj tsis tshua muaj.
Kev kuaj qhov twg muaj mob qhov quav lossis qhov tawg
Qhov mob yuav mob heev thiab qhov quav yuav mob heev. Kev siv tshuaj loog hauv zos, kev ncua sij hawm, lossis kev kuaj mob nrog tshuaj loog yog lwm txoj kev xaiv zoo, piv txwv li yog tias qhov mob hnyav heev.
Kev kuaj mob rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob lossis cov ntshav platelets tsawg
Muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau ntxiv txog kev los ntshav thiab, thaum muaj cov qe ntshav dawb tsis muaj zog (neutropenia), txog kev kis tus kab mob. Pawg neeg no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsuas yog thaum cov ntaub ntawv xav tau tiag tiag, tom qab sib tham nrog pab neeg kho mob.
Kev puas siab puas ntsws
Muaj ib txhia neeg pom tias qhov kev kuaj mob no ua rau txaj muag lossis nyuaj siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj keeb kwm raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev sib deev. Kev tso cai, tus neeg saib xyuas, kev piav qhia meej thiab kev xaiv kom nres thaum twg los tau yog ib feem ntawm kev coj ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Liab chij
Xwm txheej ceev: nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim no
- Los ntshav ntau heev los yog txuas ntxiv mus, cov ntshav txhaws tawm, xav tias tsis muaj zog, ua tsis taus pa los yog vau.
- Mob plab hnyav heev nrog rau ntuav thiab tsis muaj peev xwm tso quav lossis cua.
- Muaj qhov tsis xis nyob tshiab nyob ib puag ncig lub qhov quav lossis qhov chaw mos, nyuaj tswj cov zis lossis quav tshiab, lossis ceg tsis muaj zog, tej zaum yog cauda equina syndrome.
- Kub taub hau nrog rau mob thiab o ntawm lub plab mog lossis lub duav, tej zaum yuav muaj o, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj ntshav qab zib lossis lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo.
- Tsis muaj peev xwm tso zis tag nrho nrog rau mob plab qis, mob khaws cia sai.
Kev ntsuam xyuas tib hnub lossis hnub tom qab
- Thaum kuaj mob, pom muaj pob me me hauv lub qhov quav los yog lub qog prostate.
- Los ntshav hauv qhov quav nrog rau qhov hnyav poob, qaug zog tsis paub meej lossis ntshav tsis txaus.
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm tso zis uas kav ntev tshaj ob peb lub lis piam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab 40 xyoo.
- Mob thiab o ntawm qhov chaw mos uas zuj zus tuaj.
- Kub taub hau nrog rau kev tso zis mob thiab prostate mob heev.
Kev teem caij tsis tu ncua
- Cov pob khaus uas nyob ntev nrog qee zaum los ntshav kaj tsis mob thiab tsis muaj lwm yam tsos mob.
- Maj mam tso zis ntau zaus los yog tso zis tsis muaj zog yam tsis khaws cia.
- Mob raws plab ntev, khaus qhov quav lossis qias neeg me ntsis.
- Xav tham txog kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate, suav nrog kev kuaj PSA.
Cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb
Cov poj niam
Kev kuaj mob qhov quav hauv cov poj niam yog ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov quav thiab qhov quav, kev tso quav tsis tau, kev tswj tsis tau, mob plab mog sab nraub qaum lossis ua ib feem ntawm kev kuaj mob qhov quav. Nws tsis kuaj mob fibroids, cysts ntawm zes qe menyuam lossis endometriosis, kev siv ultrasound ntawm lub plab mog thiab kev ntsuam xyuas poj niam tshwj xeeb yog siv rau cov no.
Cov txiv neej uas kho mob prostate lossis tom qab phais mob prostate
Cov qog prostate yuav zoo li hloov pauv tom qab TURP, phais laser, biopsy lossis radiotherapy. Hais txog txhua yam kev phais qog prostate yav dhau los kom nyeem tau cov ntaub ntawv kom raug.
Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib
Kev kis kab mob ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab qhov chaw mos tuaj yeem loj hlob sai thiab tej zaum yuav tsis mob heev thaum muaj neuropathy. Qhia txog qhov o ntawm qhov chaw mos, kub taub hau lossis tawm hws sai sai.
Kab mob raum ntev thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm
Qhov kev kuaj mob nws tus kheej tsis tas yuav ntxiv dej lossis yoo mov, yog li nws tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Yog tias npaj yuav npaj plab rau kev kuaj plab tom ntej, kev xaiv kev npaj thiab cov lus qhia txog dej yuav tsum tau hloov kho tshwj xeeb los ntawm pab pawg kho mob, tsis txhob ua raws li cov lus qhia txog kev npaj plab yog tias koj muaj kab mob raum hnyav, lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm lossis kev txwv cov dej.
Kev raug mob ntawm cov leeg qaum thiab kab mob neurological
Kev kuaj lub qhov quav yog ib feem ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas lub suab ntawm lub sphincter thiab kev hnov ntawm perianal, thiab yog ib feem ntawm kev npaj kho mob plab. Hauv kev raug mob ntawm cov leeg qaum, kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub qhov quav qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau autonomic dysreflexia, uas yog qhov nce siab sai sai ntawm cov ntshav siab uas xav tau kev saib xyuas tam sim ntawd.
Kev kuaj mob rectal digital hauv Is Nrias teb
- Terminology: Feem ntau cov ntawv sau tshuaj hauv Is Nrias teb sau tias "Kev kuaj mob P/R" lossis "PR ua tiav". Yog tias koj daim ntawv qhia hais li no, nws hais txog kev kuaj mob qhov quav digital.
- Kev nthuav qhia lig: Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov quav feem ntau yog vim "mob qog" thiab lawv yuav tsum kho lawv tus kheej nrog cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis tas yuav muaj ntawv yuav tshuaj lossis cov tshuaj ntsuab ua ntej mus ntsib kws kho mob. Qhov no yuav ua rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov qhov tawg, cov qhov quav thiab mob qog noj ntshav ntawm qhov quav qeeb. Yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias cov ntshav yog cov qog yog tias tsis tau kuaj.
- Kab mob ntsws Anorectal thiab fistula: Perianal fistula thiab anorectal tuberculosis yog cov kev kuaj mob sib txawv uas tseem ceeb dua hauv Is Nrias teb dua li ntau qhov chaw nyob sab hnub poob, thiab tuaj yeem ua raws li lwm yam kab mob thaum kuaj mob.
- Kev pom zoo, kev ceev ntiag tug thiab cov neeg saib xyuas: Kev kuaj mob ze ze yuav tsum tau piav qhia thiab kev pom zoo, thiab cov cai tswjfwm kev coj ua haujlwm raws li Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kho Mob Hauv Tebchaws xav kom muaj kev ceev ntiag tug thiab, yog tias muaj feem cuam tshuam, yuav tsum muaj tus saib xyuas. Koj muaj cai nug.
- Mob qog nqaij hlav plab hnyuv hluas dua: Feem ntau ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav hauv Is Nrias teb raug kuaj pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog yau dua piv rau cov neeg nyob sab hnub poob. Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov quav uas kav ntev hauv ib tug tub hluas tseem tsim nyog tau txais kev kuaj mob kom zoo dua li kev ntseeg siab ib leeg xwb.
- Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb: Cov kev pab cuam kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate thiab colorectal uas tsis tau tsim muaj dav hauv Is Nrias teb, yog li ntawd, kev qhia tawm cov tsos mob thiab kev kuaj mob raws sijhawm feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tham txog koj tus kheej qhov kev pheej hmoo nrog koj tus kws kho mob es tsis txhob cia siab rau cov cai hnub nyoog xwb.
Tus nqi thiab kev pov hwm hauv Is Nrias teb
Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub qhov quav siv digital yog kev kuaj mob hauv tsev kho mob thiab feem ntau suav nrog rau hauv tus nqi sab laj es tsis yog them cais. Cov nqi tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tom qab ntawd.
| Yam | Dab tsi ua rau tus nqi nce siab |
|---|---|
| Kev sab laj tshwj xeeb | Lub nroog, theem tsev kho mob, kev tshwj xeeb, txawm tias thawj zaug mus ntsib lossis kev tshuaj xyuas |
| Kev kuaj ntshav PSA | Sawv ib leeg piv rau pawg neeg; kev lees paub hauv chaw kuaj mob; seb puas yog PSA pub dawb lossis tag nrho |
| Proctoscopy | Ua nyob rau hauv tsev kho mob piv rau hauv chav kho mob |
| Ultrasound (KUB nrog post-void residual, lossis TRUS) | Tshuab thiab tus neeg teb xov tooj, qhov sib piv lossis Doppler ntxiv rau |
| MRI ntawm prostate ntau yam | Lub zog hlau nplaum, cov kab ke, kev tshaj tawm radiology |
| Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv loj los yog sigmoidoscopy | Kev siv tshuaj loog, kws kho mob loog, kws kuaj mob thiab kws kho mob histopathology, cov nqi zov menyuam thaum nruab hnub |
| Prostate biopsy | Transrectal piv rau transperineal, tus naj npawb ntawm cov cores, anesthesia, histopathology |
Txog kev pov hwm: kev sab laj nrog cov neeg mob sab nraud thiab kev kuaj mob feem ntau tsis them tshwj tsis yog tias daim ntawv pov hwm suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig OPD lossis kev kuaj mob yog ib feem ntawm kev nkag mus lossis kev saib xyuas menyuam yaus. Cov kab lus kab mob uas twb muaj lawm thiab lub sijhawm tos yuav siv tau. Tshawb xyuas nrog koj tus neeg pov hwm lossis lub rooj pov hwm ntawm tsev kho mob ua ntej lub sijhawm teem tseg, thiab thov kom muaj kev kwv yees sau ntawv rau txhua qhov kev npaj ua.
Cov lus dab neeg thiab qhov tseeb
| tswvyim hais ua dabneeg | fact |
|---|---|
| "Digital" txhais tau tias siv lub tshuab lossis lub scanner | "Digital" txhais tau tias yog tus ntiv tes kuaj. Tsis muaj khoom siv twg koom nrog. |
| Ib qho DRE ib txwm txhais tau tias tsis muaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate | Muaj ntau yam mob qog nqaij hlav prostate uas loj heev uas peb tsis tuaj yeem kov tau. Kev kuaj mob ib txwm tsis suav nrog mob qog nqaij hlav. |
| DRE tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov mob qog nqaij hlav | Tsuas yog ob peb centimeters kawg ntawm lub qhov quav thiaj li ncav cuag tau. Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv loj (colonoscopy) kuaj xyuas lub plab hnyuv loj. |
| Qhov kev kuaj mob heev | Feem ntau nws tsuas yog tsis xis nyob ib pliag xwb es tsis yog mob. Qhov mob tiag tiag qhia tias muaj qhov tawg, mob ntswj lossis muaj kab mob thiab yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm. |
| Ib qho DRE ua rau PSA siab dhau, yog li PSA yuav tsum tos ob peb lub lis piam | Kev kuaj mob maj mam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau PSA. Kev kuaj nqaij, kev kis kab mob thiab kev siv catheterisation tseem ceeb dua. |
| Ib tug DRE tuaj yeem kuaj mob fibroids lossis ovarian cysts | Nws ua tsis tau. Yuav tsum tau kuaj mob plab hnyuv thiab kuaj mob poj niam. |
| Txhua tus txiv neej hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo xav tau DRE txhua xyoo | Cov lus qhia tam sim no txhawb nqa kev sib tham txog kev paub thiab cov kev kuaj mob raws li PSA; DRE txhua xyoo ib leeg tsis pom zoo kom ua kev kuaj mob. |
| Kev los ntshav ntawm txoj kev hla tom qab yeej ib txwm yog pob | Cov pob khaus feem ntau tshwm sim tab sis tsis piav qhia txhua qhov kev los ntshav. Kev los ntshav uas tsis paub meej yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab feem ntau yog siv lub tshuab endoscopy. |
| Koj tsis tuaj yeem tsis kam lees qhov kev kuaj xyuas | Koj tuaj yeem tsis kam lees, thov kom muaj tus saib xyuas, lossis thov kom nws tsum thaum twg los tau. |
Lus nug cov lus nug
Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub qhov quav puas mob?
Feem ntau cov neeg piav qhia tias lawv tsis xis nyob thiab muaj kev nyuaj siab me ntsis, tsis yog hais txog qhov mob, zoo li lawv xav tso quav heev. Cov roj nplua nyeem ntau, kev ntxig qeeb qeeb, thiab kev ua pa so kom txaus pab tau zoo heev. Qhov mob ntse feem ntau yog qhov tawg ntawm qhov quav, mob plab lossis muaj kab mob, qhia rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd kom qhov kev kuaj mob hloov lossis nres.
Tag nrho cov khoom siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas?
Qhov kev kuaj nws tus kheej kav li ntawm 30 txog 60 vib nas this. Yog tias muaj kev piav qhia, kev pom zoo, kev tso cai thiab kev hnav khaub ncaws, cia li tsib feeb hauv kev sab laj. Cov ntaub ntawv pom tau raug qhia tam sim ntawd vim tias tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw kuaj mob. Cov kev kuaj ntxiv uas tau npaj tom qab, xws li proctoscopy lossis ultrasound, ntev lub sijhawm mus ntsib tag nrho.
Kev kuaj mob hauv qhov quav digital puas tuaj yeem kuaj pom mob qog nqaij hlav prostate ntawm nws tus kheej?
Tsis yog. Kev kuaj mob yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg thaum pom ib lub pob tawv, qhov chaw tsis sib xws lossis tsis sib xws, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem lees paub tias muaj mob qog noj ntshav, thiab prostate zoo li qub tsis suav nrog nws. Kev kuaj mob yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam PSA, MRI ntau yam yog tias qhia, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm prostate biopsy kuaj los ntawm tus kws kho mob pathologist.
Kuv puas xav tau kev npaj plab hnyuv lossis kev siv tshuaj enema?
Feem ntau tsis yog. Kev kuaj mob qhov quav feem ntau ua yam tsis tau npaj dab tsi ntxiv tsuas yog nchuav cov zis tawm xwb. Qee lub tsev kho mob proctology siv ib txoj enema me me thaum npaj proctoscopy rau tib lub sijhawm mus ntsib. Cov txheej txheem npaj sib txawv ntawm cov chav, yog li ua raws li cov lus qhia uas koj lub tsev kho mob muab rau koj.
Kuv puas yuav tsum tsum tsis txhob siv tshuaj thinner rau kuv cov ntshav ua ntej kuaj mob?
Tsis txhob tsum lossis hloov cov tshuaj uas tau sau tseg rau kev kuaj mob ntawm koj tus kheej. Feem ntau qhov kev kuaj mob no muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov tshuaj anticoagulants. Qhia rau tus kws kho mob tias koj noj ib qho kom siv kev ceev faj ntxiv. Yog tias kev kuaj mob biopsy lossis endoscopy raug npaj tom qab, tus kws sau ntawv yuav qhia tshwj xeeb txog lub sijhawm siv tshuaj.
Vim li cas ib tug poj niam thiaj li tau txais kev kuaj mob no?
Rau cov teeb meem ntawm qhov quav thiab qhov quav qis xws li tawg, pob, xav tias muaj pob, tso quav tsis tau lossis tso quav tsis tau, thiab qee zaum ua ib feem ntawm kev kuaj qhov quav thiab qhov chaw mos los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov nqaij ntawm qhov quav thiab qhov chaw mos. Nws tsis yog siv los kuaj mob fibroids, ovarian cysts lossis endometriosis, uas xav tau kev kuaj mob pelvic.
Kuv puas thov tau ib tug neeg saib xyuas lossis ib tug kws kho mob ntawm ib tug poj niam txiv neej tshwj xeeb?
Yog. Koj tuaj yeem thov kom muaj tus saib xyuas rau txhua qhov kev kuaj mob, thiab koj tuaj yeem thov tus kws kho mob ntawm ib tug poj niam txiv neej tshwj xeeb, uas cov tsev kho mob ua haujlwm qhov twg cov neeg ua haujlwm tso cai. Koj kuj tseem muaj cai tau txais kev piav qhia meej ua ntej, nug cov lus nug, thiab tsis kam lossis tso tseg qhov kev kuaj mob txhua lub sijhawm.
Kuv qhov kev kuaj mob zoo li qub tab sis cov tsos mob tseem muaj. Tam sim no yuav ua li cas?
Rov qab mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob. Kev kuaj mob ib txwm tsuas yog txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi txawv txav uas koj kov tau hauv koj tus ntiv tes rau hnub ntawd; nws tsis suav nrog kab mob sab saud hauv lub qhov quav, txoj hnyuv loj lossis prostate. Kev los ntshav tas li, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev quav, kev poob phaus lossis kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev tso zis yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntxiv xws li kev siv lub tshuab endoscopy lossis kev thaij duab.
Puas yuav tsum tau kuaj DRE ua ntej kuaj mob plab hnyuv?
Feem ntau yog, luv luv, los xyuas seb lub qhov quav puas raug thaiv, tawg lossis nruj ua ntej muab lub tsom iav, thiab kom pom tias muaj qhov txhab hauv qhov quav qis. Kev kuaj mob siv sijhawm ob peb feeb xwb thiab feem ntau ua tom qab tau txais kev tsaug zog hauv ntau chav. Kev coj ua hauv zos sib txawv ntawm cov chav endoscopy.
Qhov chaw
- Lub Koom Haum Hauv Tebchaws rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Saib Xyuas Zoo Tshaj Plaws, cov lus qhia txog kev paub thiab xa mus rau qhov xav tias muaj mob qog noj ntshav, thiab ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm txoj hlab zis qis hauv cov txiv neej.
- European Association of Urology, cov lus qhia txog mob qog nqaij hlav prostate thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov txiv neej uas tsis yog neurogenic hauv cov zis.
- American Urological Association, cov lus qhia txog kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate thaum ntxov.
- Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, cov lus qhia txog kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate.
- American Society of Colon thiab Rectal Surgeons, cov lus qhia txog kev kho mob ntawm cov hemorrhoids thiab qhov quav fissure.
- Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kho Mob Hauv Tebchaws, cov cai tswjfwm kev coj ua haujlwm ntsig txog kev pom zoo thiab kev kuaj xyuas tus kheej.
- Pawg Sab Laj Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob Hauv Is Nrias teb / Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Qhia Txog Kab Mob thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Tebchaws, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Sau Npe Mob Cancer Hauv Tebchaws tshaj tawm txog mob qog noj ntshav hauv txoj hnyuv thiab qog nqaij hlav prostate.
Nplooj ntawv no yog cov ntaub ntawv kev noj qab haus huv dav dav txog kev kuaj mob qhov quav. Cov ntaub ntawv pom yuav tsum tau txhais raws li cov ntsiab lus kho mob los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tau kuaj koj.
