Ikhanda elibuhlungu - Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa

Ubuhlungu bekhanda bungenye yezimo zezokwelapha ezivame kakhulu ezithinta wonke umuntu esikhathini esithile empilweni yakhe. Uphawu oluyinhloko lwekhanda elibuhlungu ubuhlungu ekhanda noma ubuso obungase bushaye, buhlale, bubukhali, noma bube buthuntu. Odokotela baphatha ubuhlungu bekhanda ngemithi, ukulawula ukucindezeleka, kanye ne-biofeedback.

Ikhanda elibuhlungu livame kangakanani kubantu abadala?

Ikhanda elibuhlungu lingesinye sezimo ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni ezibangela ubuhlungu obuhlabayo. Cishe u-75% wabantu abadala emhlabeni wonke baphathwa yikhanda ngonyaka. Ikhanda elibuhlungu yisizathu esikhulu sokulova emsebenzini nasesikoleni. Kuthinta futhi ukuphila komphakathi nokuphila komkhaya kwesiguli. Kwabanye abantu, ukulwa nekhanda elibuhlungu njalo kungase kubangele ukukhathazeka futhi ukucindezeleka.

Izinhlobo Ezibuhlungu Bekhanda

• Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 zamakhanda ahlukene ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu eziyinhloko - ikhanda eliyinhloko, ikhanda lesibili, kanye ne-cranial neuralgias.

1. Izinhlungu Zekhanda Eziyinhloko - Ikhanda eliyinhloko alilona uphawu lokugula okuyisisekelo kodwa umphumela wezinkinga ezihlanganisa izakhiwo zekhanda nentamo. Ukucindezeleka nokuphazamiseka kwendlela yokulala ngokuvamile kuyimbangela yalezi zinhlungu zekhanda.                                                     
2. Ikhanda Lesibili - Ubuhlungu bekhanda besibili ngokuvamile bunesifo esihlobene nabo, njengekhanda lekhanda le-sinus eyenzeka lapho ingcindezi noma ukutheleleka ezifweni zanda. A migraine ingenye yezinhlobo zekhanda elibuhlungu elihlabayo futhi ngokuvamile lenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukucindezeleka, ama-hormone, umsindo, indawo ezungezile, nezinye izici eziningi. Abesifazane bavame ukuthinteka kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Uma ikhanda liqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi lihlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezinjengokuqina kwentamo, imfiva, ukuhlanza, ukushintsha kombono, izinguquko emizweni ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. Uma kunjalo, kungase kube ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezimbi kakhulu.

3. Izimpawu ze-Cranial Neuralgia: Ubuhlungu obenzeka ebusweni kanye namanye amakhanda ekhanda ahlanganisa ukuphindelela kwekhanda. Uma umuntu esebenzisa imithi ngokweqile isiguli siphathwa yikhanda eliphindelelayo. Kwenzeka lapho ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi yezinhlungu kuholela ekhanda elibuhlungu eliqhubekayo. 

Izinhlobo zekhanda eliyinhloko nelesibili:

The izinhlobo ezivamile zekhanda eliyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Izinhloko zekhanda - tIkhanda elibuhlungu ngokuvamile lihlala phakathi Imizuzu engu-15 namahora angu-3 futhi kungenzeka izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili ngosuku. Angase avele njalo amasonto angu-4-12 bese enyamalala. Ikhanda lekhanda le-Cluster livame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye.
• migraine - i-migraine yikhanda elibuhlungu elingase libangele ubuhlungu obukhulu bokushaywa noma ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ngokuvamile ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda.
• Ikhanda elisha eliqhubekayo lansuku zonke (NDPH) iqala ngokuzumayo futhi ihlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abanekhanda elibuhlungu elingavamile ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-NDPH.
• Ukukhanda ikhanda -kubangela ubuhlungu obuncane kuya kobumaphakathi futhi buvame ukwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinhlobo ezithile zekhanda lesibili zihlanganisa:

• Ukwelashwa kwekhanda elibuhlungu ngokweqile - eyaziwa nangokuthi ukukhanda ikhanda, kwenzeka kubantu abaphuza imithi yokwelapha ikhanda labo njalo. 
• Ikhanda le-Sinus - zibangelwa ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-sinus okuholela ekuhlanganiseni nasekuvuvukeni ezonweni. 
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda lomgogodla - zibangelwa ukucindezela okuphansi noma umthamo we-cerebrospinal fluid. Kubangelwa ukuvuza okuzenzakalelayo koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, ukumpompiza umgogodla, noma i-anesthesia yomgogodla.
• Ukuduma kwekhanda - ziyamangalisa futhi uqale ngokuzumayo. Ikhanda elibuhlungu le-Thunderclap libangela ubuhlungu obukhulu phakathi nomzuzu ongu-1 futhi lihlala okungenani imizuzu emi-5.

Ingabe ubuhlungu bekhanda buwufuzo?

Ikhanda elibuhlungu livame ukugijima emindenini, ikakhulukazi i-migraines. Izingane ezihlushwa i-migraines zinomzali okungenani oyedwa onaye. Izingane ezinabazali abahlushwa i-migraines zinamathuba aphindwe kane okuba nazo nazo.

Ubuhlungu bekhanda bungase buqale ngenxa yezinto ezabelwana ngazo ekhaya, njengalezi:

• • Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuthile noma izithako, njenge-caffeine, utshwala, ukudla okubilile, ushokoledi noshizi
  • Ukubhema ugwayi
  • Ukuchayeka kuma-allergener
• Iphunga elinamandla lamakha noma amakhemikhali asendlini

Ikhanda elibuhlungu lingabangelwa izici eziningi, njengalezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukucasuka noma ukuvuvukala esakhiweni sogebhezi, okuhlanganisa nesistimu ezungeze ubuchopho, kungase kuthinte ukusebenza kobuchopho.
• Izinguquko ekugelezeni kwegazi noma ekuhambeni kwegazi ngenxa yokulimala emakhaleni 
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nesifo sesistimu, kuhlanganise nezifo
• Ukusabela emithini kanye nezinguquko kumakhemikhali omsebenzi wobuchopho
• Ukuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa
• Izici zemvelo njengokuchayeka ephunga elinamandla elivela kumakhemikhali asendlini noma amakha
• Ukuchayeka kuma-allergener.
• Umsebenzi onzima womzimba.
• Izinguquko zehomoni.
• Ukuntuleka kokulala noma ukulala okuphazamisayo.
• Ezinye izici zihlanganisa ukucindezeleka, abesifazane ukuya esikhathini noma ukuya esikhathini, kanye nemikhuba yokudla.

Izimbangela zezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zekhanda elibuhlungu

1. Ikhanda eliyinhloko - kungenzeka ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile noma izinkinga ezakhiweni ezizwela ubuhlungu ekhanda, kuhlanganise:

• Izindawo ezithile zobuchopho
• Imithambo yegazi
• imisipha
• Imizwa
• Amakhemikhali obuchopho

Izimbangela zezinhlobo zekhanda eliyinhloko zimi kanje:

• Ikhanda eliqinile - ziwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwekhanda eliyinhloko, futhi imbangela ayikaziwa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene ezibangela ukuvuvukala noma ukucasuka kwezakhiwo ezikhona ekhanda nangaphezulu kwentamo. Izindawo ezivame kakhulu zekhanda elicindezelayo yibunzi, amathempeli (imisipha ehambisa umhlathi otholakala kule ndawo), kanye nesifunda lapho umsipha we-trapezius wentamo ujoyina khona phansi kogebhezi. Ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba (umsebenzi wezandla nokuhlala ekhompyutheni noma edeskini isikhathi eside) nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo nakho kungabangela lolu hlobo lwekhanda. 
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu leqembu - ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukukhululwa kungazelelwe kwamakhemikhali (i-serotonin ne-histamine). Zivame ukwenzeka isikhathi eside noma kungenzeka nsuku zonke (izikhathi zesonto).

• I-Migraines - zibangelwa lapho amangqamuzana ezinzwa angazinzile esabela ngokweqile ezibangeni ezahlukene. Amangqamuzana ezinzwa athumela umfutho emithanjeni yegazi futhi aholele ekushintsheni kwamakhemikhali ebuchosheni okuholela ebuhlungwini obuningi.
• Imbangela yekhanda elisha eliqhubekayo nsuku zonke (NDPH) ayaziwa. Ivamise ukuvela kubantu abangenawo umlando wekhanda elibuhlungu owedlule noma obalulekile.

1. Ikhanda lesibili zivame ukubangelwa yizifo zesakhiwo noma izifo. Zingase zibe yingozi empilweni futhi kufanele zixilongwe futhi zelashwe ngendlela efanele. Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kungenziwa ukuze kutholakale izimbangela zezifo eziwumsuka. Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda nasentanyeni. Lokhu kuhlukumezeka kungase kubangele edema kanye nokuvuvukala ebuchosheni (ngaphandle kokuphuma kwegazi), ubuhlungu, ukopha ngaphakathi kwesikhala sobuchopho (phakathi kwama-meninges), ukungqubuzana ngaphandle kokopha ngenxa yokulimala ekhanda, ikhanda elibuhlungu ngemva kokungqubuzana nobuhlungu ngenxa yokulimala kwentamo nokulimala kwe-whiplash.
• Izifo zesistimu zihlanganisa inyumoniya, Umkhuhlane, i-encephalitis, i-meningitis. Kwezinye izimo, i-HIV/AIDS ingabangela ikhanda lesibili
• Izinkinga ekujikelezeni kwegazi (i-arteriovenous malformations) kanye nokulimala kwekhanda nentamo okubangela i-TIA (i-Transient ischemic attack) noma unhlangothi kungase kuholele ekuphathweni kwekhanda lesibili. Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo ye-carotid neyesikhashana, kanye ne-aneurysm (indawo ebuthaka emithanjeni yegazi ebangela ukopha) nakho kungabangela ubuhlungu bekhanda.
• ukuquleka, izimila ebuchosheni (umdlavuza), kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-BP ephezulu) ingase futhi ibangele ubuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu.
• Imithi nezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izinkinga zenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izinkinga zenhliziyo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, nezinto zokuvimbela inzalo eziphuzwayo zingaholela ekuphathweni ikhanda. Imithi yezinhlungu, i-narcotics, namanye ama-analgesics afana ne-ibuprofen ne-aspirin nakho kungabangela ubuhlungu bekhanda. 
• Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo, ikhala, namehlo njenge-sinusitis, iritis, i-glaucoma, futhi ubuhlungu bamazinyo bungaba isizathu sekhanda elibuhlungu.
• Izifo eziyisisekelo ezifana ne-hypothyroidism kanye nokuphezulu ukushaya kwegazi (umfutho wegazi ophezulu) kungase kubangele ubuhlungu bekhanda. Iziguli ezinenkinga yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukuhluleka kwezinso ingase futhi iphathwe yikhanda lesibili.

1. Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibuyela emuva: Imithi yekhanda elivame ukubangela ubuhlungu bekhanda eliphindelelayo amaphilisi ezinhlungu, inhlanganisela yokudambisa izinhlungu, imithi ye-migraine, nama-opiates. Uma imithamo enconyiwe yansuku zonke yeqiwa, i-aspirin ne-acetaminophen ingaba nomthelela ekuphindeni kwekhanda elibuhlungu. Izimbangela ezivamile yizidakamizwa eziqeda ubuhlungu ezihlanganisa i-aspirin, i-caffeine, ne-acetaminophen. Ubungozi obukhulu bubonakala kunhlanganisela equkethe i-Butalbital. I-Triptans (sumatriptan) kanye nama-ergots athile afana ne-ergotamine esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-migraine ngokuvamile abangela lolu hlobo lwekhanda. Amaphilisi ezinhlungu atholakala kuma-synthetic opium compounds ahlanganisa inhlanganisela ye-codeine ne-acetaminophen, futhi angabangela lolu hlobo lwekhanda.

Ikhanda elibuhlungu lizwakala kanjani?

Izimpawu zobuhlungu bekhanda ziyahlukahluka, kuye ngohlobo lwekhanda isiguli esibhekana nalo:

1. Ikhanda elicindezelayo: Njengoba lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwekhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu buvame ukuba:

• Okumaphakathi kuya kokumaphakathi
• Ivumelana ngaphandle kokushaywa
• Ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda (izinhlangothi ezimbili)
• Kubi kakhulu ngesikhathi semisebenzi ejwayelekile njengokugoba noma ukuya phezulu
• Isabela ekwelashweni kwe-counter-the-counter

2. I-Migraines: Leli yikhanda lesibili elivame kakhulu. Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yi-migraine:

• Ukudabuka noma ukuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu obumaphakathi kuya kobunzima futhi kwezinye izimo, ubuhlungu obuhlabayo noma obuhlabayo
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elihlala amahora amane kuya ezinsukwini ezintathu
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya, umsindo, noma iphunga
• Ubuhlungu besisu

3. Izinhloko zekhanda: Lawa uhlobo olunzima kakhulu lwekhanda eliyinhloko futhi njengoba igama liphakamisa woza ngamaqembu noma amaqoqo. Zenzeka kanye kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngosuku futhi zingaholela emasontweni amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zinhlungu zekhanda zingase zinyamalale ngokuphelele izinyanga noma iminyaka, bese zibuya kamuva. Isiguli esizwa ubuhlungu bekhanda lekhanda leqembu singathola:

• Okukhulu ngokuzwa ukushisa noma ukugwazwa.
• Itholakala ngemuva kwelinye lamehlo noma endaweni yamehlo futhi ayishintshi izinhlangothi.
• Ukubhoboza noma njalo.

4. Ikhanda le-Sinus: kuwumphumela wokutheleleka kwe-sinus okubangelwa ukuminyana nokuvuvukala emathuneni - kuyimigudu evulekile ngemuva kwamasheke nasebunzini. Imvamisa, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nabantu benza iphutha lokukhanda ikhanda ngekhanda le-sinus. Izimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu obujulile futhi obuqhubekayo ama-cheekbones nasebunzini
• Ukunambitheka okubi emlonyeni
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso
• Ukuzwa ukugcwala endlebeni
• Ubuhlungu obunzima ngokunyakazisa ikhanda kungazelelwe noma ukudonsa kanzima
• Fever
• Ukukhishwa kwamafinyila

5. Ukwelashwa kwekhanda elibuhlungu ngokweqile: Lezi zibizwa nangokuthi izinhlungu zekhanda elibuyela emuva. Kuthinta cishe u-5% wabantu abavame ukuthatha izidambisi zinhlungu ngenxa yekhanda elibuhlungu. Ukuthatha njalo izidambisi zinhlungu kungase kugcine kuholele ekwandeni kwenani lezinhlungu zekhanda. Izimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokweqile zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda bungase buvame kakhulu
• Izwa ubuhlungu bekhanda obungaphezu kobungekho
• Ubuhlungu obubi kakhulu ekuseni

6. Ikhanda elibuhlungu ezinganeni: Izingane eziningi ziphathwa yikhanda uma zifika esikoleni samabanga aphezulu. Cishe u-20% wezingane uphathwa yikhanda elicindezelayo futhi imigraines yinkinga ephindaphindayo. Izimbangela zihlanganisa:

• Ukudla okuthile
• Ushintsho kumjikelezo wokulala
• yizici zemvelo
• Ukucindezeleka

7. Izinhlungu Zekhanda Ezingapheli Zansuku zonke: Lezi zivela ngokuzumayo futhi zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abangakaze baphathwe yikhanda elivamile ngaphambilini. Ubuhlungu yilokhu:

• Ihlala njalo futhi iphikelela ngaphandle kokukhululeka
• Itholakala nhlangothi zombili zekhanda
• Abangaphenduli emithini

izimpawu zekhanda

Izimpawu zekhanda elibuhlungu ziyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwekhanda elibuhlungu.

1. Ikhanda eliyinhloko

a. I-Tension Headaches

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile yizi

• Ubuhlungu buhlotshaniswa nokuqina okufana nebhande noma ingcindezi futhi bungazungeza ikhanda. Ingcindezi izwakala emathempelini nasebunzini lonke. Ubuhlungu bezinhlangothi zombili (ubuhlungu ezinhlangothini zombili) bubonakala. 
• I-nausea nokuhlanza azibonakali kulolu hlobo. Ikhanda elibuhlungu alikhuliswa umsindo nokukhanya. 
• Izinga lempilo alithinteki kakhulu, futhi isiguli singalandela isimiso sansuku zonke.

b. I-Cluster Headaches

• Ubuhlungu bufika ngamaqembu (njengamaqoqo) ahlukaniswe izikhathi ezingenabuhlungu. Ubuhlungu bungathatha izinyanga kuya eminyakeni, futhi umuntu angase angaphathwa yikhanda izinyanga ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni. Lezi zinhlungu zekhanda zivame ukuvusa isiguli phakathi nobusuku.
• Isiqephu ngasinye sobuhlungu singathatha imizuzwana engama-30-90. Kubuhlungu okwedlulele futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemuva noma eduze kwamehlo. Ikhala elingasohlangothini oluthintekile lingase ligijime noma liminyene, futhi amehlo angase abe amanzi, avuvuke noma avuvuke.
• Kungase kube ufuzo. Iphethini yokulala iyashintsha, imithi efana ne-nitroglycerin, ukuphuza utshwala, ukubhema ugwayi nokunye ukudla okufana nenyama ebhenywayo noshokoledi kungase kubangele lezi zinhlungu zekhanda.
• Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe, ukuhlolwa kobuchopho okwenziwa ezigulini ngesikhathi sekhanda lekhanda, abacwaningi babona umsebenzi ongavamile ku-hypothalamus. 
• Ukwelulekwa njalo kuyadingeka ezigulini ezinekhanda elibuhlungu njengoba zingase zibe nokuthambekela kokuzibulala (ngenxa yobuhlungu obuhlabayo noma obuhlabayo).   

c. I-Migraines

Izimpawu ze migraines faka okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu obumaphakathi kuya kobunzima futhi kwezinye izimo ubuhlungu obushaya ngamandla noma obuhlabayo
• Ubuhlungu obuhlala phakathi kwamahora amane kuya ezinsukwini ezintathu
• Ukudabuka noma ukuhlanza
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya, umsindo, noma iphunga
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ubuhlungu besisu

1. Ikhanda lesibili

a. Ikhanda le-Sinus

Izimpawu zekhanda le-sinus zihlanganisa okulandelayo:

• Fever 
• Ukunambitheka okubi emlonyeni
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso
• Ubuhlungu obujulile, obuhlala njalo e-cheekbones nasebunzini
• Umuzwa wokugcwala ezindlebeni
• Ubuhlungu obuba bubi kakhulu ngokunyakazisa ikhanda kungazelelwe noma ukudonsa kanzima

b. Ukwelashwa kwekhanda elibuhlungu ngokweqile

Izimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokweqile zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo:

• I-nausea
• Ukuphumula
• Ukubunzima ukugxila
• Izinkinga zememori 
• Ukwanda kwemvamisa yekhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu obubi kakhulu ekuseni

c. Ukuduma kwekhanda

Izimpawu zekhanda lokuduma kwezulu zihlanganisa:

• Ubumbulu
• Ukungabi namandla
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma
• Ukudabuka noma ukuhlanza
• ukuquleka
• Shintsha embonweni
• Ukudideka
• Shintsha umuzwa

3. Ikhanda Elibuhlungu

Bavusa isiguli ngesikhathi sokulala ngezikhathi zasekuseni. Ngakho, ikhanda libuhlungu cishe nsuku zonke. Angakhululeka ngamaphilisi ezinhlungu, kodwa ubuhlungu bekhanda buphindela emuva njengoba umuthi uphela. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezibonwayo yilezi:

• I-nausea
• Ukuphumula
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ubunzima bokugxila
• Izinkinga zememori

Abantu kufanele bafune iseluleko sikadokotela wabo uma benezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Uma ikhanda elibuhlungu landa ngokukhwehlela, ukugoba, ukuzikhandla, noma ukwenza ucansi.
• Uma kuhlotshaniswa nomkhuhlane nokuqina kwentamo, ukuhlanza noma isicanucanu, isithuthwane, noshintsho ekukhulumeni nasekuziphatheni.
• Uma ihlobene nanoma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka kwakamuva noma ukulimala
• Uma iphikelela futhi ithinta izinga lempilo
• Uma ikhanda libuhlungu ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwemithi

Ukuxilongwa kwekhanda elibuhlungu

Ikhanda elibuhlungu litholakala kuphela ngemva kokuthola umlando wesiguli onemininingwane. Udokotela angase abuze imibuzo mayelana ne

• Ubude kanye nekhwalithi yobuhlungu
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhambisana nesicanucanu noma ukuhlanza kanye
• Indawo yobuhlungu nezinye izimpawu ezihambisanayo

Ukuxilongwa kwekhanda eliyinhloko

1. Ukukhanda ikhanda: Ukuxilongwa kwekhanda elicindezelayo kwenziwa lapho izikhalazo zesiguli zobuhlungu obuncane kuya obuphakathi, buba nzima ngomsebenzi, futhi butholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda. Imvamisa, izinhlungu azenzeki ezinhlungwini futhi angeke zihlotshaniswe nezimpawu ezifana nokuzwela ukukhanya, umsindo, iphunga lesikhangiso, ukuhlanza noma isicanucanu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological ngokuvamile kwenziwa, futhi imiphumela ivame ukujwayelekile. Lapho ingcindezi isetshenziswa esikhumbeni noma emisipha yentamo, ukuzwela okuthile kungase kubonakale.
2. Izinhloko zekhanda: Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngemva kokuthola umlando wesiguli kanye nencazelo yeziqephu zobuhlungu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwaleli khanda, ubomvu nokuvuvukala kweso ohlangothini oluthintekile kungabonwa. Ikhala ohlangothini oluthintekile lingase ligijime noma liminyene.

Ukuxilongwa kwekhanda lesibili

 Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusekelwe emlandweni wesiguli okulandelwa ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kanye ne-radiology nakho kungenziwa. Uma ikhanda libangelwa ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo noma izifo, khona-ke udokotela angase anqume ukuqala ukwelashwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswe.

Uphenyo Lwelabhorathri Luhlanganisa

• I-CBC (Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi): Ukukhuphuka kwenani lamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, izinga le-erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), noma i-C-reactive protein (CRP) ibonakala lapho ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala emzimbeni kubonakala.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Toxicology: Kungase kube usizo ezigulini ezisolwa ngokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ezinye izidakamizwa zokusebenzisa kabi noma imithi kadokotela.

• I-CT Scan (i-computerized tomography): Isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuvukala, ukopha kanye, namanye amathumba ngaphakathi kogebhezi nobuchopho kanye ne-aneurysms.

• I-MRI (i-magnetic resonance imaging) yekhanda ikhombisa i-anatomy yobuchopho nezingqimba ezimboze ubuchopho nomgogodla.

• Isikhumbuzo se-Lumbar umpompi womgogodla wenziwa ezimweni ezisolwa nge-meningitis.
• I-EEG luwusizo kuphela uma isiguli siphuma ngesikhathi sokuphathwa yikhanda.

Izici eziyingozi zekhanda elibuhlungu

Izici ezivamile eziyingozi zekhanda elibuhlungu yilezi:

• Ukucindezeleka
• ukukhathazeka
• Ubulili besifazane
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• snoring
• Ukukhuluphala
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-caffeine
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamaphilisi ezinhlungu ngenxa yekhanda elibuhlunguIzimo zobuhlungu obungapheli

• Ukukhanda ikhanda: Lezi zici eziyingozi zibangelwa ukuqina kwemisipha entanyeni njengokuhlanganisa amazinyo nokugaya, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukuhlafuna izinsini ezinganeni, i-spondylosis, noma sokuqaqamba kwamalunga entanyeni kanye nokukhuluphala. Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, intukuthelo, ukukhathala, ukubhema, ukuvivinya umzimba okuncane, nokulala okuphazamisayo ngezinye izici eziyingozi.

• migraine: Imisindo enomsindo noma engazelele, ukulala okuphazamisayo, izehlakalo ezithinta imizwa, ukweqa ukudla, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile, nama-hangover. Imikhiqizo yokudla efana noshizi asebekhulile, ukudla okuvutshiwe noma okufakwe emanzini anosawoti, ushokoledi, nokudla okugayiwe. Ezinye izici eziyingozi zihlanganisa imithi enjengamaphilisi okulawula inzalo, izinguquko ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, izibani ezikhanyayo, iziqholo, nephunga.

• I-Cluster Headaches: Isici esiyingozi esikhulu ukubhema njengoba lolu hlobo luvame ukubonakala kwababhemayo. Esinye isici esiyingozi ukulimala ekhanda.

• I-Sinus Headache: Kulezi zinhlungu zekhanda, izinto eziyingozi ezinkulu zihlanganisa ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, izifo ezingapheli ezindlebeni nasekhaleni, ukukhubazeka kwamakhala, ama-polyps akhala, ukuchezuka kwe-septum yamakhala, ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambilini kwe-sinus, kanye nesimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni esibuthakathaka.

 

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-migraine nekhanda elibuhlungu?

Zombili lezi zimo zithinta izingxenye zekhanda nentamo yomzimba; isimo ngasinye sinesethi yaso yezimpawu:

	migraine	bekhanda
Indawo	Ngokuvamile kuthinta ingxenye eyodwa yekhanda	Ithinta ekhanda, ngemuva kwamehlo, emahlombe nasentanyeni
Izimpawu eziyinhloko	Ubuhlungu bokushaywa Ukuzwela ukukhanya, imisindo ephezulu, nephunga elimnandi Ubuhlungu buyanda ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba	Ingcindezi izwakala emahlombe, entanyeni nasekhanda
Ukuvama	Incane uma kuqhathaniswa nekhanda elibuhlungu	Okujwayelekile kakhulu

 

Isiphetho

Ikhanda elibuhlungu lithinta cishe wonke umuntu, futhi izimbangela zekhanda ziningi. Nakuba izimo eziningi zekhanda elibuhlungu zivame ukuzihambela ngokwazo, ngamakhambi asekhaya, noma ngokusebenzisa imithi yekhawunta. Kodwa ubuhlungu bekhanda obuqhubekayo budinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela, njengoba kungabonisa ukuba khona kwesinye isifo esicashile. 

Ukuxilongwa kwekhanda elibuhlungu

Ikhanda elibuhlungu litholakala kuphela ngemva kokuthola umlando wesiguli onemininingwane. Udokotela angase abuze imibuzo mayelana ne

• Ubude kanye nekhwalithi yobuhlungu
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhambisana nesicanucanu noma ukuhlanza kanye
• Indawo yobuhlungu nezinye izimpawu ezihambisanayo

Ukuxilongwa kwekhanda eliyinhloko

• Ukukhanda ikhanda: Ukuxilongwa kwekhanda elicindezelayo kwenziwa lapho izikhalazo zesiguli zobuhlungu obuncane kuya obuphakathi, buba nzima ngomsebenzi, futhi butholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda. Imvamisa, izinhlungu azenzeki ezinhlungwini futhi angeke zihlotshaniswe nezimpawu ezifana nokuzwela ukukhanya, umsindo, iphunga lesikhangiso, ukuhlanza noma isicanucanu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological ngokuvamile kwenziwa, futhi imiphumela ivame ukujwayelekile. Lapho ingcindezi isetshenziswa esikhumbeni noma emisipha yentamo, ukuzwela okuthile kungase kubonakale.
• Izinhloko zekhanda: Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngemva kokuthola umlando wesiguli kanye nencazelo yeziqephu zobuhlungu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwaleli khanda, ubomvu nokuvuvukala kweso ohlangothini oluthintekile kungabonwa. Ikhala ohlangothini oluthintekile lingase ligijime noma liminyene.

Ukuxilongwa kwekhanda lesibili

 Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusekelwe emlandweni wesiguli okulandelwa ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kanye ne-radiology nakho kungenziwa. Uma ikhanda libangelwa ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo noma izifo, khona-ke udokotela angase anqume ukuqala ukwelashwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswe.

Uphenyo Lwelabhorathri Luhlanganisa

• I-CBC (Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi): Ukukhuphuka kwenani lamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, izinga le-erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), noma i-C-reactive protein (CRP) ibonakala lapho ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala emzimbeni kubonakala.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Toxicology: Kungase kube usizo ezigulini ezisolwa ngokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ezinye izidakamizwa zokusebenzisa kabi noma imithi kadokotela.

• I-CT Scan (i-computerized tomography): Isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuvukala, ukopha kanye, namanye amathumba ngaphakathi kogebhezi nobuchopho kanye ne-aneurysms.

• I-MRI (i-magnetic resonance imaging) yekhanda ikhombisa i-anatomy yobuchopho nezingqimba ezimboze ubuchopho nomgogodla.

• Isikhumbuzo se-Lumbar umpompi womgogodla wenziwa ezimweni ezisolwa nge-meningitis.

• I-EEG luwusizo kuphela uma isiguli siphuma ngesikhathi sokuphathwa yikhanda.

 

Ukwelashwa kwekhanda elibuhlungus

Ukwelashwa Kwemvelo

Ukunqanda ikhanda

Ukulawula ukucindezeleka kungasetshenziswa futhi ukwelapha ubuhlungu bekhanda obucindezelayo.

Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-counter kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela futhi yelulekwa ukuba iphuzwe kuphela lapho udokotela wakho ekunikeze imithi. Eminye imithi ye-counter counter inemiphumela emibi. I-Aspirin yandisa ingozi ye-Reye's syndrome futhi akufanele isetshenziswe entsheni nasezinganeni. Ukulimala kwezinso kungabangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-aspirin, ibuprofen, ne-naproxen. Uma i-acetaminophen ithathwa ngemithamo emikhulu, ingabangela ukulimala kwesibindi noma ukwehluleka.

Uma amaphilisi ezinhlungu esetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ikhanda lingase liphinde livele lapho umuthi usuphelile. Lolu hlobo lwekhanda lubizwa ngokuthi "ikhanda elibuhlungu," futhi lihlukaniswa njengekhanda lesibili.

Izinhloko zekhanda

Ukwelashwa kwekhanda lekhanda le-cluster kuhloswe ngalo ukulawula ubuhlungu bekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokuvimbela iziqephu zekhanda elibuhlungu elibalandelayo. Abanayo iphrothokholi eqondile yokwelashwa futhi udokotela wakho angase asikisele izinketho eziningi zokwelapha ngaphambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okuthile.

Ezinye Izinketho Zokwelashwa Zokwelapha Ikhanda Elibuhlungu

• I-oxygen eningi ihogelwa,
• Ukufafaza kwe-anesthetic yendawo (i-lidocaine) emakhaleni,
• Ukusebenzisa imithi efana ne-dihydroergotamine (umuthi obangela ukucinana kwemithambo yegazi)
• Umjovo we-sumatriptan ne-rizatriptan (imithi ye-triptan) esetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ku-migraine futhi,
• Izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-caffeine,
• Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-calcium channel blockers, i-prednisone, i-lithium kanye nemithi yokulwa nokuthunjwa (i-valproic acid ne-topiramate) ingavimbela ubuhlungu bekhanda leqembu.

Amakhambi Asekhaya

Angasetshenziswa futhi ekwelapheni ikhanda elibuhlungu.

Ukuhlala unamanzi amaningi nokulala kahle kuyasiza ekuphathweni kwekhanda elicindezelayo.

Ukuhlikihla noma ukuhlikihla imisipha yomhlane namathempeli kungase kunciphise ubuhlungu bekhanda.

Umoya omswakama ungase ube usizo (ezinkingeni ze-sinus).

Imfundo

Kuhlanganisa ukuhlonza izici ezikubangelayo kanye nobude bekhanda lakho elibuhlungu. Izimbangela ezengeziwe ezifana nokudla ukudla okuthile, ukuba ne-caffeine, ukungadli kahle ngezikhathi ezivamile kanye namaphethini okucindezeleka kufanele kukhonjwe ukuze kwelashwe ikhanda.

Ukucindezeleka Ukucindezeleka

Imbangela yokucindezeleka ebangela ubuhlungu bekhanda kufanele ikhonjwe futhi ilashwe ngendlela efanele. Ukuzivocavoca ukuphefumula okujulile, ukuphumula kwemisipha okuqhubekayo nokuphumula emculweni kungakhulula ukucindezeleka nekhanda elibuhlungu.

Ukululekwa

Amasu okubhekana nawo afana nokwelashwa kweqembu, iseshini eyodwa kanye nokwelulekwa kungathathwa ukuze kubonakale izici eziyingozi ezibangela ikhanda.

I-Biofeedback

Yimishini ehlanganisa izinzwa ezixhunywe emzimbeni wakho. Imishini ihlola ukusabela komzimba okungafuneki (ukusabela ngokomzimba komzimba ezimeni ezicindezelayo ezivusa ikhanda) ekhanda elibuhlungu elinjengokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukusebenza kobuchopho kanye nokucindezeleka kwemisipha.

Incwadi Ukuqokwa

Ukuvimbela ubuhlungu bekhanda

Ikhanda elibuhlungu lingavinjelwa ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha ezifana

• Gwema izinto ezivusa amadlingozi njengokuzivivinya kanzima, ingcindezi, nokudla okuthile (inyama ebhenyiwe).
• Thatha imithi enqunyiwe ngesikhathi esifanele (Ungasebenzisi ngokweqile imithi futhi ungathathi ngaphansi komthamo onqunyiwe)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu leqoqo alinakuvinjelwa kodwa lingancishiswa ngokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila njengokugwema utshwala nokubhema.
• Zivocavoce njalo (kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka nobuhlungu)
• Gcina imikhuba emihle yokulala (iphethini yokulala evamile ibalulekile ekunciphiseni ingozi yekhanda elibuhlungu).
• Yeka ukubhema futhi unciphise umzimba ukuze unciphise ingozi yekhanda elibuhlungu.
• Xhumana nodokotela uma kukhona ushintsho iphethini yekhanda elibuhlungu.

Yini Ebangela Ikhanda Elibuhlungu?

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa (FAQs)

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu le-COVID lizwakala kanjani? 

Ikhanda lekhanda le-COVID lihluke kancane ekhanda elibangelwa ezinye izimo. Zivame ukushayeka kakhulu ngokuqina, zenzeka nhlangothi zombili zekhanda futhi zingamelana namaphilisi ezinhlungu. 

• Yini ongayidla ukuze umise ikhanda? 

Ukudla imifino enamaqabunga namantongomane kuyaziwa ukunciphisa nokumisa ikhanda.

• Hlobo luni lwekhanda elibuhlungu? 

Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu futhi elibangela imfiva libi kakhulu, futhi kudingeka lihlolwe udokotela ngokushesha. 

 

• Iliphi ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu?

Ikhanda lekhanda le-Cluster laziwa njengekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu emhlabeni.