Captopril - Uses, Dosage, Side Effects and More

Isingeniso: Kuyini i-Captopril?

I-Captopril umuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Iyingxenye yeqembu lemithi eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-ACE inhibitors (ama-Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors). Ngokuvimbela ukusebenza kwe-enzyme ethile emzimbeni, i-Captopril isiza ukuphumula imithambo yegazi, okwenza kube lula ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi futhi yehlise umfutho wegazi. Lo muthi uvame ukunikezwa wodwa noma uhlanganiswe nezinye izidakamizwa ezilwa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ukuphatha izimo zenhliziyo ngempumelelo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Captopril

I-Captopril ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha eziningana, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Hypertension: Ngokuvamile kunikezwa umuthi wokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: I-Captopril isiza ukuthuthukisa izimpawu futhi yandise amazinga okusinda ezigulini ezinesifo senhliziyo.
• Isifo sikashukela i-Nephropathy: Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela izinso ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinephrotheni emchameni wazo.
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo: I-Captopril inganikezwa ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwenhliziyo futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yezinkinga ezengeziwe.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Ventricular Yesobunxele: Kunconywa iziguli ezinenkinga yokusebenza kahle kwe-ventricular kwesobunxele ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Indlela Esebenza

I-Captopril isebenza ngokuvimbela isenzo se-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), enesibopho sokuguqula i-angiotensin I ibe yi-angiotensin II, into enciphisa imithambo yegazi. Ngokuvimbela le enzyme, i-Captopril inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-angiotensin II, okuholela ekuphumuleni kwemithambo yegazi. Le nqubo yehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi yehlisa umthwalo womsebenzi enhliziyweni, okwenza kube lula ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke.

Isilinganiso nokuphathwa

Umthamo we-Captopril uyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo eselashwayo kanye nendlela isiguli esisabela ngayo emuthini.

Isilinganiso Esijwayelekile Sabantu Abadala:

• Nge-hypertension: Umthamo wokuqala uvame ukuba ngu-25 mg othathwa kabili kuya kathathu ngosuku. Umthamo ungalungiswa ngokusekelwe empendulweni yomfutho wegazi, ngomthamo omkhulu ongu-150 mg ngosuku.
• Ngokwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Umthamo wokuqala uvame ukuba ngu-6.25 mg kuya ku-12.5 mg othathwa kabili kuya kathathu ngosuku, bese kwenziwa izinguquko njengoba kudingeka.

Umthamo Wezingane:

Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 nangaphezulu, umthamo usekelwe esisindweni somzimba, ngokuvamile uqala ku-0.3 mg/kg uthathwa kabili kuya kathathu ngosuku.

I-Captopril itholakala ngesimo sethebhulethi futhi kufanele ithathwe esiswini esingenalutho, okungenani ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokudla ukuze kufakwe kahle.

Imiphumela Engemihle ye-Captopril

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-Captopril ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:

• Isikhukhula
• Amazinga aphezulu e-potassium (hyperkalemia)
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension)
• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
• Ukukhathala

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingase ihlanganise:

• I-Angioedema (ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, noma umphimbo)
• Izinkinga zesibindi (eziboniswa yi-jaundice noma umchamo omnyama)
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso (amazinga aphezulu e-creatinine)
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu

Iziguli kufanele zifune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma zithola imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

I-Captopril ingasebenzisana nemithi eminingi kanye nezinto, okuhlanganisa:

• Ama-diuretics: Kungathuthukisa umphumela wokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, okuholela ekucindezelweni kwegazi okuphansi.
• Izithako ze-Potassium: Ingozi eyengeziwe ye-hyperkalemia.
• Ama-NSAID: Kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-Captopril futhi kwandise ingozi yezinkinga zezinso.
• I-Lithium: I-Captopril ingakhuphula amazinga e-lithium, okuholela ekubeni yingozi.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi wazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nayo yonke imithi nezithako zokudla ozithathayo ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisana okungenzeka.

Izinzuzo ze-Captopril

I-Captopril inezinzuzo eziningana zezokwelapha nezisebenzayo:

• Ukulawula Umfutho Wegazi Okuphumelelayo: Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekwehliseni umfutho wegazi kanye nokulawula ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuvikelwa Kwezinso: Iwusizo kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, iyasiza ekuvikeleni ukusebenza kwezinso.
• Umsebenzi Wenhliziyo Othuthukisiwe: Kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kweziguli ezinesifo senhliziyo futhi kunciphisa ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
• Ufunde Kahle: I-Captopril inomlando omude wokusetshenziswa, ucwaningo olunzulu lusekela ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokuphepha kwayo.

Ukuphikisana kwe-Captopril

Abantu abathile kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa i-Captopril, okuhlanganisa:

• Abesifazane Abakhulelwe: I-Captopril ingalimaza ingane ekhulayo futhi ayivunyelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Iziguli ezinomlando we-Angioedema: Labo abaye baba ne-angioedema ehlobene nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini kwe-ACE inhibitor akufanele basebenzise i-Captopril.
• Isifo Sezinso Esinzima: Iziguli ezinenkinga enkulu yezinso kufanele zigweme lo muthi.

Ukuqapha Nezexwayiso

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-Captopril, iziguli kufanele ziqaphele lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

• Ukuqapha Okuvamile: Umfutho wegazi kanye nokusebenza kwezinso kufanele kuqashwe njalo.
• Amazinga we-Electrolyte: Amazinga e-potassium kufanele ahlolwe, ikakhulukazi uma isiguli siphuza izithasiselo ze-potassium noma ama-diuretic.
• I-Alergic: Iziguli ezinomlando wokungezwani komzimba kufanele zazise umhlinzeki wazo wezempilo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Captopril? Thatha umthamo ophuthelwe ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Uma ususondele kumthamo olandelayo, yeqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqala kabusha isimiso sakho esijwayelekile. Ungaphindi kabili umthamo.
• Ngingayithatha i-Captopril kanye nokudla? Kunconywa ukuthatha i-Captopril esiswini esingenalutho, okungenani ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokudla, ukuze umunceke kangcono.
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi i-Captopril isebenze? I-Captopril ivame ukuqala ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi zingakapheli ihora elilodwa, kube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu eyenzeka cishe ngemva kwehora elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngemva kokuthatha umuthi.
• Ingabe i-Captopril iphephile ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside? Yebo, i-Captopril ngokuvamile iphephile ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela, kodwa ukuqapha njalo kubalulekile.
• Ngingaphuza utshwala ngesikhathi ngithatha i-Captopril? Kunconywa ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, njengoba kungandisa ingozi yokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphansi kanye nesiyezi.
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngikhwehlela ngesikhathi ngithatha i-Captopril? Uma ukhwehlela njalo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, ngoba kungaba umphumela omubi womuthi.
• Ingabe i-Captopril ingathinta ukusebenza kwezinso zami? Yebo, i-Captopril ingathinta ukusebenza kwezinso, ngakho-ke ukuqapha njalo ukusebenza kwezinso kubalulekile ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi.
• Ingabe kuphephile ukuthatha i-Captopril ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa? Cha, i-Captopril ayivunyelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yengozi engaba khona enganeni.
• Kuthiwani uma ngisebenzisa i-Captopril ngokweqile? Ukweqisa izidakamizwa kungaholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kwegazi kanye neminye imiphumela emibi emibi. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kusolwa ukuthi ukweqisa izidakamizwa ngokweqile.
• Ngingayeka yini ukuthatha i-Captopril ngokuzumayo? Ungayeki ukuthatha i-Captopril ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekukhuphukeni komfutho wegazi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo

I-Captopril itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama ezinhlobo eziningana, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Capoten
• Amaphilisi e-Captopril (ajwayelekile)

Isiphetho

I-Captopril iwumuthi obalulekile ekuphatheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinso ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela. Indlela esebenza ngayo njenge-ACE inhibitor iyenza isebenze kahle ekuphumuzeni imithambo yegazi nasekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Nakuba inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imiphumela emibi engaba khona, ukusebenzisana kwemithi, kanye ne-contraindications. Ukuqapha njalo kanye nokubonisana nomhlinzeki wezempilo kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuphephile nangokuphumelelayo.