Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu - Izinhlobo, Inqubo, Izindleko eNdiya, Izingozi, Ukubuyisela kanye Nezinzuzo

Kuyini Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu?

Ukufakelwa kwephaphu kuyinkambiso yokuhlinzwa ehilela ukubuyisela iphaphu eligulayo noma elilimele ngephaphu elinempilo elivela kumnikeli. Lokhu kuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile kwenziwa ezigulini ezihlushwa izimo ezimbi zamaphaphu ezingakwazi ukulawulwa ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Inhloso eyinhloko yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo nokwelula isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu abanesifo samaphaphu esifika esigabeni sokugcina. 

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuvame ukucatshangelwa ezigulini ezinezimo ezifana nalezi isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD), i-fibrosis ye-pulmonary, i-cystic fibrosis, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu. Lezi zifo zingakhinyabeza kakhulu ukusebenza kwamaphaphu, okuholela ezimpawu ezithena amandla njengokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okungapheli, nokunciphisa ukubekezelela ukuvivinya umzimba. Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli zingathola ukuthi izimpawu zazo zinciphisa kakhulu imisebenzi yazo yansuku zonke kanye nezinga lempilo lilonke.

Inqubo yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu ngokwayo ihilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, isiguli siyahlolwa ukuze kunqunywe ukufaneleka kwaso kokufakelwa. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlanganisa umlando wezokwelapha ophelele, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlola okuhlukahlukene kokuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kanye nempilo iyonke. Uma isiguli sithathwa njengomuntu ofanelekayo, sifakwa ohlwini lokulinda amaphaphu anikelayo. 

Uma iphaphu elinikezayo elihambisanayo selitholakala, isiguli singeniswa esibhedlela ukuze sihlinzwe. Phakathi nenqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa iphaphu eligulayo futhi esikhundleni salo ufake iphaphu elinikelayo. Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora ambalwa futhi kudinga ukuthi isiguli sibe ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Ngemva kokufakelwa, isiguli sizogadwa ngeso elibukhali egunjini labagula kakhulu (ICU) izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukululama ngendlela efanele nokusebenza kwephaphu elisha.

Kungani Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu Kwenziwa?

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kwenziwa lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zehlulekile ukunikeza ukukhululeka okwanele ezimpawini noma lapho ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kuwohloke kwafinyelela ezingeni elibucayi. Iziguli zingase zibe nohlu lwezimpawu eziholela esincomweni sokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Lezi zimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima, ngisho nalapho uphumule
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli okungathuthuki ngemithi
• Izifo zokuphefumula njalo
• Ukukhathala nokubuthakathaka
• Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokuhamba noma ukugibela izitebhisi

Isinqumo sokuqhubeka nokufakelwa kwamaphaphu ngokuvamile senziwa lapho ukusebenza kwamaphaphu esiguli kuwa ngaphansi komkhawulo othile, okuvamise ukukalwa ngokuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi ivolumu yokuphelelwa umoya ephoqelelwe (FEV1). Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukuthi ungakanani umoya umuntu angawukhipha ngenkani ngomzuzwana owodwa. I-FEV1 encishiswe kakhulu ibonisa ukuthi amaphaphu awasebenzi ngokwanele, futhi kungase kudingeke ukufakelwa kabusha.

Ngaphezu kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, ezinye izici ziyacatshangelwa lapho kunqunywa isidingo sokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa impilo yesiguli iyonke, ukuba khona kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha, kanye nekhono laso lokunamathela ekunakekelweni ngemva kokufakelwa, okubalulekile ukuze inqubo iphumelele. 

Izinkomba Zokufakelwa Kwephaphu

Akusona sonke isiguli esinesifo samaphaphu esinelungelo lokufakelwa amaphaphu. Izimo eziningana zomtholampilo kanye nokutholwe kokuhlolwa kusiza ukunquma ukuthi isiguli siyafaneleka yini kule nqubo esindisa ukuphila. Okulandelayo ezinye zezinkomba ezibalulekile zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu:

1. Isifo samaphaphu sesigaba sokugcina: Iziguli ezinezifo zamaphaphu zesigaba sokugcina, njenge-COPD, i-pulmonary fibrosis, noma i-cystic fibrosis, zivame ukubhekwa njengokufakelwa kwamaphaphu lapho isimo sazo sesithuthuke kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasasebenzi.
2. Ukukhubazeka Okubi Kokusebenza: Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, ngokuvamile okuboniswa yi-FEV1 engaphansi kuka-30% yenani elibikezelwe, kuyinkomba enamandla yokufuna ukufakelwa amaphaphu. Leli zinga lokukhubazeka livame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezinzima kanye nezinga lempilo elincishisiwe.
3. Ukuncika komoyampilo: Iziguli ezidinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe ukuze zigcine amazinga e-oksijini anele egazini lazo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngaphandle kwawo, zingase zibe amakhandidethi okufakelwa amaphaphu.
4. I-Pulmonary Hypertension: Lesi simo, esibonakala ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme emaphashini, singaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo futhi siyinkomba evamile yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezine-idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
5. Ukutheleleka Okuphindaphindiwe Kokuphefumula: Iziguli ezinezifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona ezibhekana nezifo zokuphefumula ezivamile nezinzima eziholela ekulimaleni okwengeziwe kwamaphaphu nazo zingase zicatshangelwe ukufakelwa.
6. Iminyaka yobudala kanye nempilo yonke:  Nakuba ungekho umkhawulo weminyaka eqinile wokufakelwa amaphaphu, abantu abazobhapathizwa ngokuvamile baphakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-65 futhi banempilo enhle ngokomzimba, ngokuvamile ngokucatshangelwa kuze kufike ku-70 noma ngaphezulu ngokusekelwe ezicini ngazinye. Ukwengeza, iziguli kufanele zibe nempilo enhle iyonke, ngaphandle kokugula okubalulekile okungase kube nzima ukuhlinzwa noma ukululama.
7. Izici Zengqondo: Impilo yengqondo nengokomzwelo yesiguli nayo iyahlolwa. Abazongenela ukhetho kumele babonise ikhono lokuthobela ukunakekelwa kwangemva kokufakelwa, okuhlanganisa ukuphuza imishanguzo ye-immunosuppressive nokuhambela ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela.

Kafushane, isinqumo sokuncoma ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu sisekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kokutholwe emitholampilo, ubukhali besifo samaphaphu, kanye nempilo yonke yesiguli kanye nekhono lokunamathela ekunakekelweni kwangemva kokuhlinzwa. Icala ngalinye lihlolwa ngakunye, futhi ithimba lemikhakha eminingi lochwepheshe bezempilo lisebenza ndawonye ukuze linqume inkambo engcono kakhulu yesenzo sesiguli ngasinye.

Izinhlobo Zokufakelwa Kwephaphu

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe enanini lamaphaphu atshalwe kabusha kanye nomthombo wephaphu elinikelayo. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu yilezi:

1. Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu Elilodwa: Le nqubo ihilela ukufakelwa kwephaphu elilodwa kumnikeli oshonile. Ivamise ukwenziwa ezigulini ezinesifo samaphaphu unilateral, lapho iphaphu elilodwa lithinteke kakhulu kuyilapho elinye lihlala liphilile.
2. Ukufakelwa Kabili Kwemaphaphu: Kule nqubo, womabili amaphaphu athathelwa indawo amaphaphu anempilo avela kumnikeli oshonile. Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu aphindwe kabili kuvame ukunconywa ezigulini ezinesifo samaphaphu samazwe amabili, njenge-cystic fibrosis noma i-pulmonary fibrosis eqinile, lapho womabili amaphaphu esengozini kakhulu.

Kwezinye izimo, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu okunikezwayo okuphilayo kungase kucatshangelwe, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Ekufakeleni amaphaphu omnikeli ophilayo, ingxenye yephaphu evela kumnikeli ophilayo idluliselwa kumamukeli. Lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga abanikeli ababili abaphilayo, ngamunye enikela nge-lobe, ukuze basekele ngokwanele ukuphefumula komamukeli. Le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi idinga ukufaniswa ngokucophelela nokuhlolwa kokubili komnikeli nomamukeli.

Contraindications for Lung Transplant

Nakuba ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungasindisa ukuphila ezigulini eziningi ezinezifo ezinzima zamaphaphu, izimo ezithile noma izici zingenza isiguli singayifanelekeli le nqubo. Ukuqonda lezi contraindication kubalulekile kokubili iziguli kanye nabahlinzeki bezempilo.

1. Amagciwane Asebenzayo: Iziguli ezinezifo ezisebenzayo, njenge sofuba noma ezinzima inyumoniya, ingase ingafaneleki ukufakelwa amaphaphu. Ukucindezelwa komzimba okudingekayo ngemva kokufakelwa kungase kubhebhethekise lezi zifo.
2. Ama-Malignancies: Umlando wemidlavuza ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo engaxolile, ungenza isiguli singakufanelekeli ukuthola ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwengozi yokubuya komdlavuza lapho amasosha omzimba ecindezelwe.
3. I-Comorbidities Enzima: Iziguli ezinezinye izinkinga zempilo ezibalulekile, njengesifo senhliziyo esithuthukile, isifo sesibindi, noma ukwehluleka kwezinso, zingase zingafaneleki. Ingcindezi yokuhlinzwa nokululama ingaba yimbi kakhulu kubantu abanezinkinga eziningi zempilo.
4. Ukuhlukumeza Izidakamizwa: Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa okusebenzayo, okuhlanganisa ukubhema, utshwala, noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, kungenza isiguli singafaneleki. Ukuzinikela endleleni yokuphila enempilo kubalulekile empumelelweni yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu.
5. Ukungalandeli Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha: Iziguli ezinomlando wokungasilandeli iseluleko sezokwelapha noma izinhlelo zokwelashwa zingase zibhekwe njengezingafaneleki. Ukubambelela ekunakekelweni kwangemva kokufakelwa kubalulekile ukuze inqubo iphumelele.
6. Izici Zengqondo: Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, ukuntuleka kokusekelwa komphakathi, noma izimo zokuphila ezingazinzile zingathinta ikhono lesiguli lokubhekana nezidingo zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Uhlelo losekelo oluzinzile lubalulekile ekululameni.
7. Ukucatshangelwa kweminyaka: Nakuba iminyaka yobudala iyodwa ingeyona i-contraindication eqinile, iziguli ezindala zingase zibhekane nezingozi ezengeziwe. Icala ngalinye lihlolwa ngokwalo, kucatshangelwa impilo kanye nesimo sokusebenza.
8. Ukukhuluphala: ezinzima ukukhuluphala kungenza kube nzima ukuhlinzwa nokululama. Inkomba yesisindo somzimba (BMI) ngaphezu komkhawulo othile ingase iholele ekukhishweni, njengoba ingandisa ingozi yezinkinga.
9. Ukusebenza Okungalungile Kwephaphu:  Iziguli ezinokungasebenzi kahle kwamaphaphu nazo ezinezinye izinkinga zempilo ezinzima ezikhawulela ukubikezela kwazo kukonke, noma okungalindelekile ukuthi zihlomule ngokuphawulekayo ekufakweni ngenxa yobuthakathaka obudlulele, zingase zingabhekwa njengabafanelekile.
10. Ukufakelwa Kwangaphambilini: Iziguli ezike zafakelwa amaphaphu ngaphambilini zingase zibhekane nezingozi ezengeziwe kanye nezinkinga, okwenza ukufakelwa kwesibili kube nzima kakhulu futhi mancane amathuba okuthi uphumelele.

Ukuqonda lokhu kungqubuzana kungasiza iziguli nemindeni yazo ukuthi zibe nezingxoxo ezinolwazi namathimba azo okunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana namandla okufakelwa amaphaphu.

Ukulungiselela Kanjani Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu

Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa amaphaphu kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Nakhu okungakulindela iziguli ngaphambi kwenqubo.

1. Ukuhlola Okuphelele: Ngaphambi kokufakwa ohlwini lokufakelwa, iziguli zihlolwa ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kanye nempilo iyonke.
2. Ukuhlola Ngaphambi Kokufakelwa: Iziguli cishe zizobhekana nochungechunge lokuhlolwa, okuhlanganisa:
   1. Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu: Ukukala umthamo wamaphaphu nokusebenza.
   2. Izifundo ze-Imaging: Njenge ama-X-ray esifubeni or CT scan ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukwakheka kwamaphaphu.
   3. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlola izifo, ukusebenza kwesitho, nokuhambisana kohlobo lwegazi.
3. Ukuhlolwa Kwenhliziyo: Ukuhlola impilo yenhliziyo, okuhlanganisa i bhequza noma ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka.
   Ukushintsha Indlela Yokuphila: Iziguli zingase zelulekwe ukuba zenze izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, njengokuyeka ukubhema, ukuthuthukisa indlela odla ngayo, nokwandisa ukuvivinya umzimba. Lezi zinguquko zingathuthukisa impilo yonke futhi zithuthukise imiphumela yokufakelwa.
4. Imfundo Nokwelulekwa: Iziguli kufanele zihambele amaseshini okufundisa mayelana nenqubo yokufakelwa kabusha, okuhlanganisa nalokho okufanele zikulindele ngaphambi, phakathi, nangemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwelulekwa kungase futhi kube yinzuzo ukubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okungokomzwelo noma okungokwengqondo. Ukuxhumana namaqembu okusekela ezigulini zokufakelwa amaphaphu kanye nemindeni yazo kunganikeza ukwesekwa kontanga nokuqonda okubalulekile.
5. System Support: Ukusungula uhlelo oluqinile lokusekela kubalulekile. Iziguli kufanele zihlonze amalungu omndeni noma abangani abangazisiza lapho zithola futhi zinikeze ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo.
6. Ukucatshangelwa kwezezimali: Ukuqonda izindleko ezihambisana nokufakelwa amaphaphu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, nokunakekelwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile. Iziguli kufanele zixoxe ngezinketho zezimali nethimba lazo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nabahlinzeki bomshwalense.
7. Imiyalo yangaphambi kokusebenza: Njengoba usuku lokuhlinzwa lusondela, iziguli zizothola imiyalelo ethile, engahlanganisa:
   1. Ukugwema imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi eyehlisa igazi.
   2. Ukuzila ukudla ngaphambi kwenqubo.
   3. Ukuhlela izinto zokuhamba ukuya nokubuya esibhedlela.
8. Imininingwane Ephuthumayo: Iziguli kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi zinendlela ethembekile yokuxhumana lapho amaphaphu anikelayo etholakala. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukugcina ucingo luseduze nokulungela ukuya esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo zokulungiselela, iziguli zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi zilungele inqubo yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu, okwandisa amathuba okuba nomphumela ophumelelayo.

Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu: Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Inqubo

Ukuqonda inqubo yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungasiza ekudambiseni ukukhathazeka futhi kulungiselele iziguli lokho okufanele zikulindele. Nakhu ukubuka konke kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

1. Ilinde i-Donor Lung: Uma isiguli sesibekwe ohlwini lokufakelwa kabusha, singase silinde iphaphu elifanele. Isikhathi sokulinda singahluka kuye ngezici ezinjengohlobo lwegazi, ubukhulu, nokuphuthuma kwesidingo.
2. Yamukela Ucingo: Uma iphaphu elinikela litholakala, isikhungo sokufakelwa sizoxhumana nesiguli. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulungele ukuya esibhedlela ngokushesha.
3. Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokusebenza: Lapho zifika esibhedlela, iziguli zizohlolwa okokugcina, okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa kwezithombe. Ulayini we-intravenous (IV) uzobekwa ukuze uthole imithi kanye noketshezi.
4. I-Anesthesia: Ngaphambi kokuthi ukuhlinzwa kuqale, iziguli zizothola i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, iqinisekisa ukuthi azizi lutho futhi azinabuhlungu phakathi nenqubo.
5. Inqubo Yokuhlinza: Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokwenza i-incision esifubeni, ngokuvamile ngethambo lesifuba noma ohlangothini lwesifuba. Iphaphu elimele lizokhishwa, futhi iphaphu elinikelayo lizofakwa ngokucophelela emgodini wesifuba. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzoxhuma iphaphu elisha endleleni yomoya kanye nemithambo yegazi.
6. Ukuqapha: Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, iziguli zizoyiswa egunjini labagula kakhulu (ICU) ukuze ziqashwe ngeso lokhozi. Izisebenzi zezokwelapha zizobheka ngeso elibukhali izimpawu ezibalulekile nokusebenza kwamaphaphu.
7. Ukubuyisela: Iziguli zizoshintsha kancane kancane zisuka e-ICU ziye egumbini elivamile lasesibhedlela njengoba isimo sazo sizinza. Ukululama kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuya emavikini, lapho iziguli zizoqala ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu ukuze ziqinise amaphaphu azo futhi zithuthukise ukuphefumula.
8. Ukuhlela kokukhipha: Uma iziguli zizinzile futhi sezikwazi ukuphatha ukunakekelwa kwazo, zizokhishwa esibhedlela. Bazothola imiyalelo enemininingwane ngemithi, izikhathi zokulandelela, nezinguquko endleleni yokuphila.
9. Ukunakekelwa Kwesikhathi Eside: Ngemva kokukhishwa, iziguli zizodinga ukuvakashelwa njalo ukuze zihlole ukusebenza kwamaphaphu futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi umzimba uyalamukela iphaphu elisha. Imithi ye-immunosuppressive izobekwa ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kwamaphaphu anikelayo. Ukunamathela kule mithi impilo yonke futhi kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwenqatshwa kanye nokulawula imiphumela engemihle yesikhathi eside engaba khona.
10. Ukulungiswa Kwendlela Yokuphila: Iziguli kuyodingeka zenze izinguquko eziqhubekayo endleleni yokuphila, okuhlanganisa ukugwema izifo, ukugcina ukudla okunempilo, nokunamathela emithini yemithi. Amaqembu okusekela kanye nokwelulekwa nakho kungaba yinzuzo ngalesi sikhathi sokulungisa. Ukuqonda ukuthi ama-immunosuppressants angandisa ubungozi kwezinye izimo (isb, isifo sikashukela, kwamathambo) kanye nokudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela kubalulekile empilweni yesikhathi eside.

Ngokuqonda inqubo yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu, iziguli zingazizwa zinamandla futhi zilungele uhambo lwazo oluya empilweni engcono yamaphaphu.

Izingozi Nezinkinga Zokufakelwa Kwephaphu

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuza nezingozi kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zikuqaphele lokhu ukuze zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngempilo yazo.

1. Ukwenqaba: Umzimba ungase ubone iphaphu elisha njengelinye izwe bese uzama ukulenqaba. Lena ingozi evamile futhi ilawulwa ngemishanguzo ye-immunosuppressive.
2. ukutheleleka: Ngemuva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu, iziguli zisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngenxa yezidakamizwa ezivimbela ukuzivikela komzimba. Izifo ezivamile zihlanganisa inyumoniya kanye nezifo zokuphefumula.
3. Ukuphuza: Izinqubo zokuhlinzwa zingaholela ekopheni, okungase kudinge ukungenelela okwengeziwe noma ukumpontshelwa igazi.
4. Amahlule: Kunengozi yokuthi amahlule egazi akheke emilenzeni (i-vein thrombosis ejulile) noma amaphaphu (i-pulmonary embolism), okungaba yingozi kakhulu.
5. Izinkinga zamaphaphu: Izinkinga ezifana ne-bronchial anastomotic stricture (ukuncipha kwendlela yokuphefumula) noma ukungasebenzi kahle kokuxhunyelelwa (ukungasebenzi kahle kwephaphu elisha) kungenzeka.
6. Ukulimala Kwezinso: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ye-immunosuppressive kungaholela ezinkingeni zezinso, ezidinga ukuqapha nokuphathwa.
7. Ingozi yomdlavuza: Iziguli ezifakelwa amaphaphu zisengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza othile ngenxa ye-immunosuppression.
8. Izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Kungase kube khona ingozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ngemva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu.
9. Isifo se-Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD): Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe ne-GERD, engaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yamaphaphu atshalwe kabusha futhi ibe nomthelela ezinkingeni ezifana nokwaliwa okungapheli. Kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela.
10. Imiphumela Yengqondo: Umthelela ongokomzwelo wokufakelwa amaphaphu ungaholela ekukhathazekeni, ekucindezelekeni, noma kwezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Ukwesekwa nokwelulekwa kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nesimo.

Nakuba lezi zingozi zingase zizwakale ziphathelene, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iziguli eziningi zithola imiphumela ephumelelayo kanye nezinga lempilo elithuthukisiwe ngemva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile nokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha kunganciphisa kakhulu lezi zingozi.

Ukululama Ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu

Inqubo yokululama ngemva kokufakelwa amaphaphu ibalulekile empumelelweni yenqubo kanye nempilo yonke yesiguli. Umugqa wesikhathi sokululama ungahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa kunezigaba ezijwayelekile iziguli eziningi ezingazilindela.

• Ukunakekela Ngokushesha Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa - Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu, iziguli zijwayele ukuthuthelwa eYunithi Yokunakekela Kakhulu (ICU) ukuze ziqashwe eduze. Lesi sigaba sokuqala sithatha cishe izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezi-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, abahlinzeki bezempilo bazoqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile, ukusebenza kwamaphaphu, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga. Iziguli zingase zifakwe ama-ventilators okwesikhashana ukuze zisize ngokuphefumula.
• Ukuhlala Esibhedlela - Ngemva kwe-ICU, iziguli zivame ukuchitha cishe isonto eli-1 kuya kwangu-2 esibhedlela. Ngalesi sikhathi, bazoqala ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ukuze bathole amandla nokuhamba. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizophinde liqale isiguli ngemithi ye-immunosuppressive ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kwesitho. Ukuhlola okuvamile kuzokwenziwa ukuze kuqashwe ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kanye nokululama ngokuphelele.
• Ukubuyisela Ikhaya - Uma esekhishiwe, ukululama kuyaqhubeka ekhaya. Amasonto ambalwa okuqala abucayi, futhi iziguli kufanele zilindele ukukhululeka. Iziguli eziningi zingabuyela emisebenzini elula phakathi kwamaviki angu-4 kuya kwangu-6, kodwa ukululama ngokugcwele kungase kuthathe izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kweziyisi-6. Ukuqokwa kokulandelela njalo kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe ukusebenza kwamaphaphu futhi kulungiswe imithi njengoba kudingeka.

Amathiphu Okufakelwa Kwephaphu Ngemva Kokunakekela

1. Ukubambelela Emithini: Kubalulekile ukuthatha imishanguzo ye-immunosuppressive njengoba kuyalelwe ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa.
2. Ukuhlola Okuvamile: Yiya kuwo wonke ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela ukuze uhlolwe ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo sekukonke.
3. Indlela Yokuphila Enempilo: Thola ukudla okulinganiselayo, zivocavoce kancane, futhi ugweme ukubhema notshwala.
4. Ukuvimbela Ukutheleleka: Zijwayeze inhlanzeko futhi ugweme izindawo eziminyene ukuze unciphise ingozi yokungenwa izifo.
5. Ukusekela Kwemizwa: Funa ukusekelwa emndenini, abangani, noma izinsizakalo zokwelulekwa ukuze ubhekane nezici ezingokomzwelo zokululama.

Iqalisa kabusha Imisebenzi Ejwayelekile

Iziguli zingakwazi ukuqalisa kancane kancane imisebenzi evamile, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzelana nomphakathi, ngokuvamile phakathi nezinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezingu-6 ngemva kokufakelwa. Kodwa-ke, imidlalo enomthelela omkhulu noma imisebenzi ebeka engcupheni yokulimala kufanele igwenywe okungenani unyaka. Hlala uthintana nabahlinzeki bezempilo ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko ezibalulekile kumazinga omsebenzi.

Izinzuzo Zokufakelwa Kwephaphu

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yeziguli ezihlushwa izifo ezinzima zamaphaphu. Nazi ezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile:

1. Umsebenzi Wephaphu Othuthukisiwe: Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu okuphumelelayo kungabuyisela ukusebenza kwamaphaphu okuvamile noma okuseduze, okuvumela iziguli ukuba ziphefumule kalula futhi zihlanganyele emisebenzini yansuku zonke ngaphandle kwemikhawulo ebekwe isimo sazo sangaphambilini.
2. Ikhwalithi Yempilo Ethuthukisiwe: Iziguli eziningi zibika ukuthuthuka okukhulu kukhwalithi yazo yonke yempilo ngemva kokufakelwa. Bangajabulela imisebenzi eyayinzima ngaphambili noma eyayingenakwenzeka ngaphambili, njengokuhamba, ukuzivocavoca, nokuchitha isikhathi nomndeni nabangane.
3. Enyukile Ukulindela Ukuphila: Nakuba ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu akuqinisekisi ukwelashwa, kunganweba kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kweziguli ezinesigaba sokugcina sesifo. Iziguli eziningi ziphila iminyaka eminingana ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kanti ezinye zijabulela izinga eliphezulu lokuphila.
4. Ukunciphisa Izimpawu: Iziguli zivame ukuba nokuncipha kwezimpawu ezinjengokuphelelwa umoya, ukukhwehlela okungapheli, nokukhathala, okungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo kwansuku zonke kanye nempilo enhle ngokomzwelo.
5. Izinzuzo Zengqondo: Ukukhululeka ekuguleni okungamahlalakhona kungaholela ekwenzeni ngcono impilo yengqondo, kunciphise ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka okuhambisana nesifo esibi samaphaphu.

Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu Ngokuphikisana Namasu Okulawula Ahlukile Esifo Sokuphela Kwesigaba Samaphaphu

Kubantu abaphethwe yisifo esibi kakhulu, esisesigabeni sokuphela, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kunikeza ithuba lempilo ethuthuke kakhulu kanye nempilo eyandisiwe ngokufaka amaphaphu anempilo esikhundleni samaphaphu agulayo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke iziguli ezifuna ukufakelwa kabusha, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zamaqhinga okuphatha asetshenziswa ukulawula izimpawu, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu asele, noma ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okusekelayo. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokwelashwa kuncike esifweni esithile samaphaphu, ubunzima baso, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nalokho esikuthandayo.

Ukuqonda lezi zindlela ezahlukene kubalulekile ezigulini nasemindenini yazo.

Ziyini Izindleko Zokufakelwa Kwephaphu eNdiya?

Izindleko zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu e-India ngokuvamile zisuka ku-R1,00,000 ziye ku-R2,50,000. Le ntengo ingahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezimbalwa:

• Isibhedlela: Izibhedlela ezahlukene zinezinhlaka zamanani ezehlukene. Izikhungo ezaziwayo njengezibhedlela ze-Apollo zingase zinikeze ukunakekelwa okuphelele nezinsiza ezithuthukile, ezingaba nomthelela ezindlekweni zizonke.
• Indawo: Idolobha nesifunda lapho ukufakelwa kabusha kwenziwa khona kungathinta izindleko ngenxa yomehluko wezindleko zokuphila namanani entengo okunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• Uhlobo Lwegumbi: Ukukhethwa kwegumbi (iwodi elivamile, igumbi langasese, njll.) kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni eziphelele.
• Izinkinga: Noma yiziphi izinkinga eziphakama phakathi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa zingaholela ezindlekweni ezengeziwe.

Ezibhedlela ze-Apollo, sibeka phambili ukuxhumana okusobala kanye nezinhlelo zokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. I-Apollo Hospitals isibhedlela esingcono kakhulu sokufakelwa amaphaphu eNdiya ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bethu obuthenjwayo, izikhungo ezithuthukile, nokuzinikela emiphumeleni yesiguli. Sikhuthaza labo abangaba iziguli abafuna a ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu eNdiya ukuze usithinte ngokuqondile ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezindleko zokufakelwa kanye nosizo ngokuhlela kwezezimali.

Ngezibhedlela ze-Apollo, uthola ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe obuthenjwayo, ukunakekelwa okugcwele okuphelele, kanye nenani elihle kakhulu, okusenza sibe ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu eNdiya.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokufakelwa Kwephaphu

1. Yiziphi izinguquko zokudla okufanele ngizenze ngaphambi Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
   Ngaphambi Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu, kubalulekile ukugcina a Ukudla okunazo zonke okucebile ngezithelo, imifino, amaprotheni amancane, nokusanhlamvu. Gwema ukudla okugayiwe, usawoti omningi noshukela. Ukuhlala u-hydrated nakho kubalulekile. Xhumana nesazi sokudla ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe.
2. Ngingakwazi ukudla ngokujwayelekile ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
   Ngemuva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu, ungabuyela kancane kancane ekudleni okuvamile, kodwa kubalulekile ukugxila ekudleni okunomsoco. Gwema ukudla okuluhlaza noma okungaphekiwe ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka. Ukulandelelwa njalo nochwepheshe wezokudla kungasiza ukulungisa ukudla kwakho kuhambisane nezidingo zakho zokululama.
3. Iziguli esezikhulile kufanele zizilungiselele kanjani Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu?
   Iziguli esezikhulile ezicabangela Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yazo iyonke. Kubalulekile ukuphatha izimo zempilo ezikhona futhi ulandele indlela yokuphila enempilo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okulula nokudla okunomsoco kungathuthukisa imiphumela.
4. Ingabe ukukhulelwa kuphephile ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
   Ukukhulelwa ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu kungenzeka kodwa kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokuqondisa kwezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezinhlelo zakho nethimba lakho lezempilo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wena nomntwana nihlala niphilile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
5. Yiziphi izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ezigulini zezingane ezidinga Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu?
   Iziguli zezingane ezifakelwa amaphaphu zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile okuhambisana neminyaka yazo kanye nokukhula. Inqubo yokuhlola iyafana, kodwa indlela yokuhlinzwa nokunakekelwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa ingase yehluke. Ukwesekwa komndeni kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokululama.
6. Ukukhuluphala kukuthinta kanjani ukufanelekela Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu?
   Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungenza kube nzima ukufaneleka Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu. Isisindo esiningi singandisa izingozi zokuhlinzwa futhi kuthinte ukululama. Ukuncipha kwesisindo ngokudla nokuzivocavoca kuvame ukutuswa ngaphambi kokucabangela ukufakelwa kabusha.
7. Ingabe iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingafakelwa Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu?
   Yebo, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingafakelwa Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu, kodwa isifo sikashukela sazo kufanele silawulwe kahle. Isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki singaholela ezinkingeni phakathi nangemuva kokuhlinzwa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisana eduze nabahlinzeki bezempilo ukuze uzinze amazinga kashukela egazini.
8. Kuthiwani uma ngine-hypertension ngaphambi Kokufakelwa Iphaphu lami?
   Ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme akukukhiphi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi uthole Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu. Nokho, kufanele ilawulwe kahle ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ukuqapha njalo nokulungiswa kwemithi kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo engcono.
9. Ngabe umlando wokubhema unamthelela muni ekukhetheni iLung Transplant?
   Umlando wokubhema ungathinta ukufaneleka Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu. Ngokuvamile iziguli kudingeka ziyeke ukubhema isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuba zicatshangelwe ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa impilo yamaphaphu jikelele futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga.
10. Yiziphi izingozi Zokufakelwa Kwephaphu ezigulini ezinomlando wesifo senhliziyo?
    Iziguli ezinomlando wesifo senhliziyo zingase zibhekane nezingozi ezengeziwe ngesikhathi Sokufakelwa Kwephaphu. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yenhliziyo futhi kunqunywe ukuthi isiguli singumuntu ofanelekayo yini kule nqubo.
11. Singakanani isikhathi sokululama Sokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
    Isikhathi sokululama Sokufakelwa Kwephaphu singahluka, kodwa iziguli eziningi zingalindela ukuchitha izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kweziyisi-6 zilulama ngokugcwele. Ukulandelela njalo kanye nokubambelela ezinhlotsheni zemithi kubalulekile ngalesi sikhathi.
12. Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila okufanele ngizenze ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
    Ngemva Kokufakelwa Iphaphu, kubalulekile ukuphila ngendlela enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokugwema ukubhema notshwala. Ukuhlala uqaphile ngezifo nokuhambela amaphoyinti okulandelela nakho kubalulekile.
13. Ngingakwazi ukuhamba ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
    Ukuhamba ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu kungenzeka, kodwa kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Xhumana nethimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokwenza amalungiselelo ohambo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uyakwazi ukufinyelela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo lapho uya khona.
14. Yiziphi izimpawu zokwenqatshwa kwesitho ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
    Izimpawu zokwenqatshwa kwesitho zingabandakanya ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuncipha kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, imfiva, nokukhathala. Kubalulekile ukuthi ubike noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingajwayelekile kumhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha ukuze zihlolwe ngokushesha.
15. Ngiyodinga kangaki ukubona udokotela wami ngemva Kokufakelwa Iphaphu?
    Ngemuva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu, iziguli zivame ukuba nezikhathi zokulandelela onyakeni wokuqala, ngokuvamile njalo emavikini ambalwa. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka futhi uma ukululama kuzinzile, lokhu kuvakasha kungase kunciphe.
16. Iyini indima yemithi yokuzivikela komzimba ngemva kokufakelwa kabusha kwamaphaphu?
    Imishanguzo ye-Immunosuppressive ibalulekile ngemuva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu ukuze kuvinjwe umzimba ukuthi ungalamukeli iphaphu elisha. Iziguli kufanele ziphuze le mithi njengoba kushiwo futhi ziye lapho zihlolwa njalo ukuze ziqaphe imiphumela yazo.
17. Ngingakwazi ukuhlanganyela kwezemidlalo ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
    Ukubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu kungenzeka, kodwa kufanele kukhulunywe ngokuqapha. Imisebenzi enomthelela ophansi ngokuvamile iyanconywa ekuqaleni, ngokukhuphuka kancane kancane kokuqina njengoba kwelulekwa ithimba lakho lezempilo.
18. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngiba nemiphumela engemihle emithini yami?
    Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela engemihle yemithi yakho ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu, thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha. Bangase balungise umthamo wakho noma bakushintshele emthini ohlukile ukuze ulawule imiphumela engemihle kahle.
19. Ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kweLung Transplant e-India iqhathaniswa kanjani nakwamanye amazwe?
    Izinga lokunakekelwa kweLung Transplant e-India lilingana namazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga, anamaqembu ezokwelapha anolwazi kanye nezikhungo ezithuthukile. Ukwengeza, izindleko zenqubo ziphansi kakhulu eNdiya, okwenza kube inketho ekhangayo ezigulini eziningi.
20. Yiziphi izinsiza zokusekela ezitholakalayo ezigulini Zokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
    Iziguli Zokufakelwa Amaphaphu zingafinyelela izinsiza ezihlukahlukene zokwesekwa, okuhlanganisa izinsizakalo zokwelulekwa, amaqembu okusekela, nezinto zokufundisa. Izibhedlela ezifana ne-Apollo zinikeza ukwesekwa okuphelele ukuze zisize iziguli zikwazi ukuzulazula ohambweni lwazo lokululama.
21. Lingakanani izinga lempumelelo yokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa amaphaphu?
    Izinga lokuphumelela lokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa amaphaphu lincike ezintweni ezifana nempilo yesiguli, ubudala, kanye nembangela yokwehluleka kwamaphaphu. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinga lokusinda lonyaka owodwa libalelwa ku-1-85%, kanti izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lilinganiselwa ku-90-5%. Ukubambelela ekunakekelweni okulandelayo kanye nemithi kudlala indima enkulu empumelelweni yesikhathi eside.
22. Lithini izinga lokusinda elijwayelekile ngemva Kokufakelwa Kwephaphu?
    Amazinga okusinda ngemva kokufakelwa amaphaphu ayahlukahluka ngesiguli nesimo. Iziguli eziningi ziphila okungenani iminyaka emi-5 ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kanti ezinye ziphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Ukulandelela okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha, indlela yokuphila enempilo, nokulawula ukutheleleka okuphumelelayo kungathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda.
23. Ingabe kunomkhawulo weminyaka wokufaneleka kokufakelwa amaphaphu?
    Awukho umkhawulo weminyaka eqinile, kodwa izikhungo eziningi zokufakelwa kabusha zicabangela abantu abafika eminyakeni engama-65-70 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, iminyaka yebhayoloji kanye nesimo sempilo sisonke kubaluleke kakhulu kuneminyaka yokulandelana kwezikhathi. Icala ngalinye lihlolwa ngazinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela ongcono kakhulu.

Isiphetho

I-Lung Transplantation yinqubo eshintsha impilo engathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yeziguli ezinezifo ezinzima zamaphaphu. Ukuqonda inqubo yokutakula, izinzuzo, kanye nezindleko ezingaba khona kubalulekile kunoma ubani ocabangela le nketho. Uma wena noma othandekayo ehlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini Ukufakelwa Iphaphu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nochwepheshe bezokwelapha ongakunikeza isiqondiso nokusekelwa komuntu siqu.