I-CBC (Inani Eliphelele Legazi) / Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Hemogram: Lokho Okukubonisayo, Lokho Okuphuthelwa Yikho, kanye Nokuthi Ungawufunda Kanjani Umbiko Wakho

Ukuthatha okhiye

• Ilinganisa: i-hemoglobin, inani lamaseli abomvu kanye nezinkomba (i-MCV, i-MCH, i-MCHC, i-RDW), inani lamaseli amhlophe aphelele kanye nomehluko, kanye nenani lama-platelet.
• Lokho okusikiselayo, akukuqinisekisi: I-CBC ikhomba iphethini, ayivamile ukubiza imbangela ngokwayo.
• Lokho engenakukwenza: I-CBC ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuntuleka kwensimbi, uphawu lwe-thalassemia, ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12, ukuphazamiseka kwe-clotting-factor noma indawo yokutheleleka.
• Okuvamile kuyaqinisekisa, akuqinisekisi: izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezine-CBC evamile zisadinga ukubuyekezwa.
• Isendlalelo saseNdiya: Ngenxa yokuthi isici se-thalassemia kanye ne-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi kokubili kuvamile eNdiya, i-MCV ephansi ku-CBC idinga isinyathelo esilandelayo esicatshangelwayo kunokuba amaphilisi ensimbi azenzakalelayo.

Nge-shazi

Obeye aziwe njengo

• I-Hemogram / i-hemogram
• I-CBC enomehluko; i-CBC ne-ESR (uma i-oda ndawonye, ​​lezi izivivinyo ezihlukene)
• Ukuhlolwa kwenani legazi, "ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-Hb"
• "Khoon ki jaanch" / "HB test" ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke kwamaNdiya
• I-TLC kanye ne-DLC (inani lama-leukocyte eliphelele nelihlukile), amapharamitha abikiwe ngaphakathi kwe-CBC
• Inani lama-platelet, elibikwe ngaphakathi kwe-CBC, livame ukucelwa ngokwehlukana ngesikhathi se-dengue

Iyini i-CBC hemogram

I-CBC hemogram iwukuhlaziywa okuzenzakalelayo kwesampula encane yegazi elinganisa imigqa emithathu yamaseli ekhiqizwa umongo wethambo.

• Amaseli abomvu: i-hemoglobin (Hb), ivolumu yamaseli apakishiwe noma i-hematocrit, inani lamaseli abomvu, i-MCV (usayizi wamaseli abomvu ojwayelekile), i-MCH kanye ne-MCHC (ukuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin kanye nokuhlushwa), kanye ne-RDW (ukwehluka kosayizi wamaseli abomvu).
• Amaseli amhlophe: inani eliphelele kanye nomehluko, ama-neutrophils, ama-lymphocyte, ama-monocytes, ama-eosinophils kanye nama-basophils.
• Ama-Platelets: inani lama-platelet, ngezinye izikhathi elinomthamo omaphakathi wama-platelet.

Amalabhorethri amaningi aneza ukuphawula lapho i-analyzer iveza amangqamuzana angajwayelekile, futhi udokotela we-hematologist noma i-pathologist angase ahlole i -smear yegazi elingaphandle elinemibala ngaphansi kwe-microscope. I-smear ukuhlolwa okuhlukile okubikwe eceleni kwe-CBC, akuyona ingxenye yokubala okuzenzakalelayo.

Kungani kwenziwa i-CBC hemogram

• Ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu: ukukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi uzikhandla, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ubomvu, isiyezi, umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo, ukuminyana noma ukopha okungachazeki, ukutheleleka okuvamile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-anemia: ukuqinisekisa i-hemoglobin ephansi nokuchaza iphethini yosayizi wamaseli abomvu, okuqondisa ukuhlolwa okulandelayo.
• Ukutheleleka kanye nokuvuvukala: Inani lamaseli amhlophe kanye namaphethini okuhlukanisa kusekela, kodwa akuqinisekisi, imbangela yebhaktheriya, igciwane noma i-parasitic.
• Ukuqapha amaplatelet: ku-dengue, i-immune thrombocytopenia, isifo sesibindi kanye nangaphambi kwezinqubo ezithile.
• Ukuqapha izidakamizwa: i-chemotherapy, imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba, imithi yokulwa ne-thyroid, amanye ama-antibiotic kanye nemithi yokulwa nesifo sokuwa kungathinta inani legazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubulala izinzwa.
• Ukunakekelwa kokukhulelwa: Ukuqapha i-hemoglobin kanye nama-platelet ngezikhathi ezithile okunqunywa udokotela wezifo zokubelethisa owelaphayo.
• Umdlavuza wegazi okusolwayo: I-CBC ingaphakamisa izinsolo ze-leukemia noma i-lymphoma; ukuqinisekiswa kudinga ukubuyekezwa kwe-smear, i-flow cytometry, ucwaningo lomnkantsha noma i-biopsy.

Ubani okufanele athole lolu vivinyo

• Noma ubani onezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, uma elulekwa udokotela.
• Abantu abaya esikhathini kakhulu noma isikhathi eside, kanye nabantu abanenkinga yokulahlekelwa igazi esiswini noma ama-piles.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe, njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha.
• Izinsana, izingane kanye nentsha enokukhuhla okungekuhle, ubomvu, isifiso sokudla esibi noma izifo eziphindaphindayo, uma yelulekwa.
• Abantu abasebenzisa imithi eyaziwa ngokuthi ithinta inani legazi, phakathi nesikhathi bathatha amasethi abo kadokotela.
• Abantu abanesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona, umdlavuza, isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, noma isifo esaziwayo se-thalassemia noma i-sickle cell disorder.
• Abanikeli ngegazi kanye neziguli ezingaphambi kokuhlinzwa, njengengxenye yokuhlolwa.
• Abantu abanomlando womndeni we-thalassemia noma olunye uhlobo lwe-hemoglobinopathy abahlela ukukhulelwa, ngokuvamile banikezwa ezinye izivivinyo ezithile.

I-CBC ivame ukufakwa emaphaketheni ezempilo avamile. Kuwukuhlolwa okufanelekile kokuhlolwa, kodwa umphumela ojwayelekile kumuntu ongenazo izimpawu akusho ukuthi akudingeki ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezempilo, futhi inani elilinganiselwe kumuntu ophilile livame ukungadingi lutho olungaphezu kokuphindwa.

Lokho i-CBC hemogram engenakukwazi ukukubona noma ukukukhipha

Lena yingxenye engaqondakali kahle kakhulu yokuhlolwa. I-CBC ibala amaseli; ayiwachazi.

• Ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa imbangela ye-anemia. Ukuntuleka kwensimbi, isici se-thalassemia, i-anemia yezifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nokuchayeka ku-lead konke kungakhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu amancane. Ukuqinisekiswa kudinga izifundo ze-ferritin kanye nensimbi, i-hemoglobin electrophoresis noma i-HPLC, kanye nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo.
• Akunakwenzeka ukuthi kususwe ngokuthembekile ukuntuleka kwensimbi. Izitolo zensimbi zingaphela ngenkathi i-hemoglobin ne-MCV zihlala ngaphakathi kobubanzi obubikiwe.
• Akukwazi ukukhipha i-vitamin B12 noma ukuntuleka kwe-folate. Ukuntuleka kwe-B12 kwezemizwa kungenzeka ngezinhlu zamangqamuzana abomvu ajwayelekile, kanti ukuntuleka kwensimbi okuhlala njalo kungafihla amangqamuzana abomvu amakhulu.
• Ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa uphawu lwe-thalassemia noma uphawu lwe-sickle cell. Kudingeka izifundo ezithile ze-hemoglobin; i-CBC evamile ayisona isivivinyo sesimo somthwali.
• Akukwazi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Izifo eziningi ezimbi, okuhlanganisa isifo sofuba, udenga, i-typhoid kanye ne-sepsis yokuqala, zingavela ngenani elijwayelekile lamaseli amhlophe. I-CBC ayibonisi isitho noma indawo; esidinga ukukhuliswa kwamangqamuzana, ukuhlolwa kwe-serology ethile noma i-antigen, kanye nokuthwetshulwa kwezithombe.
• Akuyona indlela yokuhlola ukujiya kwegazi. Ukubalwa kwama-platelet okuvamile akukuvimbeli i-haemophilia, isifo se-von Willebrand, ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwama-platelet noma umphumela wezinto ezinciphisa igazi. I-PT/INR, i-APTT kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-specific factor noma i-platelet-function kuyizilingo ezihlukene.
• Akukwazi ukuvimbela umdlavuza. Izimila eziqinile kanye nama-lymphoma amaningi zivame ukukhombisa i-CBC evamile ngokuphelele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-CBC ayikwazi ukuxilonga i-leukaemia ngokwayo.
• Ayihloli ukugcwala kwensimbi, ukusebenza kwezinso, ukusebenza kwesibindi, ukusebenza kwe-thyroid noma ushukela wegazi.
• Akuhlukanisi ukugula okubangelwa amagciwane nokutheleleka ngegciwane ngokuqiniseka.

Uma izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka naphezu kwe-CBC evamile, buyela kudokotela wakho. Umphumela ongemuhle noma ojwayelekile uchaza isampula ehlaziywe ngalolo suku; awukuvimbeli ukuthi kube nesifo.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene kodwa okuhlukile

Ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuza kuqala kuncike enkingeni yezokwelapha. Ngokukhathala okungachazeki, i-CBC ivame ukuba yindawo yokuqala enengqondo. Ekuthambekeleni kokopha okunenani elijwayelekile lama-platelet, ukuhlolwa kokujiya kuholela. Esimweni esisolwayo sokuthwala ngaphambi komshado noma ukukhulelwa, izifundo ze-hemoglobin ziyivivinyo elifanele, hhayi i-CBC yodwa. Ngomkhuhlane onamaqhubu esizini evame ukusabalala, ukuhlolwa okuqondene nezinto eziphilayo kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba kubalwa.

Ungalungiselela kanjani

Izidingo zokulungiselela zibekwa yilabhorethri ngayinye kanye nesikhungo sokuqoqa. Imiyalelo ebhaliwe yeyunithi yakho iza kuqala kunanoma yisiphi isiqondiso esijwayelekile lapha.

• Ukuzila ukudla: ngokuvamile akudingeki kwi-CBC kuphela. Ukuzila ukudla kungacelwa uma i-CBC ihlanganiswe ne-glucose noma ama-lipid okuzila ukudla.
• Imithi nama-supplements: Tshela udokotela ocelayo kanye nodokotela we-phlebotomist ngayo yonke imithi kadokotela, izithasiselo zensimbi noma zamavithamini, i-AYUSH noma imikhiqizo yamakhambi, kanye nezithasiselo zasejimini. Ungayeki noma ushintshe noma yimuphi umuthi kadokotela ukuze "uthole umphumela ohlanzekile", khuluma nodokotela kuqala.
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi kwakamuva, umjovo wensimbi noma umjovo we-B12: khuluma ngakho, njengoba lokhu kushintsha isithombe.
• Uketshezi: Ukuphuza uketshezi okuvamile kwenza kube lula ukuthola umthambo. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okuphawulekayo kungenza inani libonakale liphezulu kanti ukuswela amanzi ngokweqile kungawanciphisa.
• Isikhathi: Amangqamuzana amhlophe kanye nezinye izibalo ziyahlukahluka phakathi nosuku kanye nangemva kokuvivinya umzimba okunzima noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu; ukuhlolwa okulandelanayo kungcono kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
• Izingubo: gqoka umkhono ogoqeka kalula.

Uma unesifo sikashukela ekwelashweni kokwehlisa i-glucose

Ungazili ukudla isikhathi eside usebenzisa i-insulin noma i-sulfonylureas ngaphandle kwemiyalelo evela kudokotela wakho okwelaphayo, ngenxa yengozi ye-hypoglycemia. I-CBC ngokwayo ayidingi ukuzila ukudla. Iphatha umthombo we-glucose.

Uma unesifo senhliziyo, i-CKD ethuthukile noma uketshezi oluncishisiwe

Ungandisi umthamo wakho woketshezi ukuze "wenze kube lula ukudonsa". Hlala ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso soketshezi esibekwe udokotela wakho noma iyunithi yakho ye-dialysis. Uma usebenzisa i-dialysis, buza ukuthi isampula kufanele ithathwe ngaphambi noma ngemva kweseshini, njengoba isikhathi sithinta imiphumela.

Ekukhulelweni

Akukho ukuzila ukudla okudingekayo ku-CBC. Ukulinda isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla noma amanzi kungcono kugwenywe. Tshela abasebenzi uma uke waquleka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi kwangaphambilini ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala phansi noma ukulala phansi.

Ezinganeni nasezinsaneni

Ukuzila ukudla isikhathi eside akufaneleki ezinganeni ezincane. Kufanele kusetshenziswe ithubhu elincane. Tshela abasebenzi nganoma yikuphi ukuthambekela kokopha noma ukudonsa kanzima kwangaphambilini. Amasampula okugwazwa esithendeni ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa angaveza amanani ahlukile kancane kumasampula emithambo yegazi.

Uma uthatha imithi yokwehlisa igazi noma unesifo sokopha

Yazisa udokotela we-phlebotomist ukuze kusetshenziswe ingcindezi isikhathi eside ngemva kokususwa kwenaliti. Ungayeki umuthi wena.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani

• Ukungena kanye nokuhlonza: Imininingwane yakho kanye nefomu lesicelo kuqinisekisiwe.
• Isikhundla: uhleli noma ulala phansi; kufakwa i-tourniquet engalweni engenhla.
• Ukuhlanza nokubhoboza: isikhumba siyahlanzwa bese kufakwa inaliti engenamagciwane emthanjeni, ngokuvamile endololwaneni yangaphakathi. Ezinsaneni, kungasetshenziswa isithende noma ukuhlaba ngomunwe.
• Iqoqo: umthamo omncane wegazi udonswa epayipini le-EDTA bese uxutshwa ngobumnene ukuze lingajiyi.
• Ngemva kwalokho: inaliti iyasuswa bese kufakwa ingcindezi ngokotini noma i-gauze umzuzu owodwa noma emibili, isikhathi eside uma wopha kalula.

Ubude: inaliti ivame ukuba semthanjeni isikhathi esingaphansi komzuzu, futhi lonke iqoqo lithatha cishe imizuzu emi-2-5. Lindela cishe imizuzu eyi-15-30 phakathi nendawo iyonke, kuye ngokuthi imigqa ingakanani. Abahlaziyi besimanje baqeda ukubala kungakapheli imizuzu isampula ifika elabhorethri; uma kudingeka ukubuyekezwa kwe-smear ngesandla noma ukuphinda ukuphinda, umbiko uthatha isikhathi eside. Buza isikhungo sakho sokuqoqa ukuthi ukubika kwabo kusebenza kanjani.

Akudingeki isikhathi sokululama. Ungadla, ushayele bese ubuyela emsebenzini ojwayelekile ngokushesha. Gwema ukuphakamisa okunzima ngaleyo ngalolo hlangothi amahora ambalwa futhi ugcine indawo ihlanzekile.

Ukuqonda umbiko wakho we-CBC

Funda umbiko wakho uqhathanise nesikhathi sokubhekisela esinyatheliswe kulowo mbiko othize. Izikhathi zokubhekisela ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwama-laboratories, phakathi kwabahlaziyi, nangobudala, ubulili, isimo sokukhulelwa kanye nokuphakama. Amanani esihlokweni esiku-inthanethi akufanele asetshenziswe ukwahlulela umbiko wakho. Udokotela ocele ukuhlolwa kuphela ongakuchaza ngokomongo wakho wezokwelapha.

Amapharamitha eseli elibomvu

• I-Hemoglobin kanye ne-hematocrit: Amanani aphansi abonisa i-anemia. I-CBC iyayilinganisa; ayichazi. Amanani aphezulu angase abonise ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukubhema, isifo samaphaphu noma senhliziyo esingamahlalakhona, ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme, noma isifo somnkantsha oyinhloko.
• I-MCV: I-MCV ephansi (i-microcytic) iphakamisa ukuntuleka kwensimbi, uphawu lwe-thalassemia noma i-anemia yesifo esingamahlalakhona. I-MCV ephezulu (i-macrocytic) iphakamisa ukuntuleka kwe-B12 noma i-folate, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, isifo se-thyroid noma izimo ezithile zomnkantsha. I-MCV evamile ayikhiphi noma iyiphi inkinga, futhi ukuntuleka okuxubile kungadala isilinganiso esibukeka sijwayelekile.
• I-RDW: isilinganiso sokwehluka kosayizi weseli. I-RDW ephakanyisiwe ivame ukusikisela, nakuba ingeyona ethembekile, ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo kunesici se-thalassemia. Kuyinkomba, hhayi ukuxilongwa.

Amapharamitha eseli elimhlophe

• Inani eliphelele eliphakanyisiwe: kungabonisa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ukuvuvukala, ukulimala kwezicubu, ukwelashwa nge-corticosteroid, ukubhema, ukuzivocavoca okunzima kwamuva, ukukhulelwa noma ukucindezeleka. Amanani aphezulu kakhulu anamaseli angajwayelekile adinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-hematology.
• Inani eliphelele eliphansi: kungase kulandele ukutheleleka ngegciwane, imithi ethile, isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, izinkinga zomnkantsha noma i-hypersplenism. Abanye abantu abaphilile banenani eliphansi lama-neutrophil ngokomthethosisekelo.
• Amaphethini ahlukene: Ukwanda kwe-neutrophil kuvame ukuhambisana nokutheleleka ngamagciwane; ukwanda kwe-lymphocyte kuvame ukuhambisana nokugula okubangelwa amagciwane; ama-eosinophil aphezulu angase ahlobane nokungezwani komzimba, i-asthma noma ukutheleleka kwe-parasitic, okuhlala kuvame ezingxenyeni ezithile zaseNdiya. Lokhu kuyizinto ezihambisanayo, hhayi ubufakazi.

Ukubalwa kweplatelet

• Okuphansi: Izimbangela zifaka phakathi i-dengue nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, i-immune thrombocytopenia, imiphumela yezidakamizwa, isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona esinobende obandayo, kanye nezinkinga zomnkantsha. Okubalulekile, ukuhlangana kwama-platelet epayipini le-EDTA kungadala inani eliphansi ngokungeyikho.
• Okuphakeme: ngokuvamile kuba impendulo yokusabela ekuthelelekeni, ukuvuvukala, ukuntuleka kwensimbi, ukopha, noma ukususwa kwe-bende; ngokuvamile kuba yisifo somnkantsha oyinhloko.

Imiphumela iyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zomtholampilo zomuntu ngamunye. Inani elilodwa elingajwayelekile kancane kumuntu ophilile livame ukuphindaphindiwe ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe noma yini enye.

Lapho imiphumela ye-CBC ingadukisa khona

Izindinganiso ezingaphakanyiswa ngamanga

• I-Hemoglobin kanye ne-hematocrit: ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, isikhathi eside se-tourniquet, indlela yokubamba isibhakela ngesikhathi sokudonsa, noma ukuthatha isampula esigulini esiphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni.
• Inani lamaplatelet: amangqamuzana abomvu aqhekekile noma ezinye izinhlayiya ezibalwe kabi yi-analyzer.
• Inani lamaseli amhlophe: ukuzivocavoca okunamandla kwamuva nje, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ama-corticosteroids, ukukhulelwa, ukubhema, noma amangqamuzana abomvu afakwe i-nucleic abalwa njengamaseli amhlophe ngabahlaziyi abadala.
• I-MCV: ama-agglutinin abandayo noma ukuhlangana kwamangqamuzana abomvu; ukubambezeleka ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, okubangela ukuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana.

Amanani angancishiswa ngamanga

• Inani lamaplatelet: Ukuqhekeka kwama-platelet okubangelwa yi-EDTA (i-pseudothrombocytopenia), isampula eligobile kancane, noma ipayipi elingagcwalisiwe ngokwanele. Lesi yisizathu esivamile sombiko we-platelet owesabekayo kumuntu ophilile, futhi isampula ephindaphindwayo epayipini le-citrate enokubuyekezwa kwe-smear ivame ukuyixazulula.
• I-Hemoglobin: isampula exutshwe kakhulu, ethathwe esithweni esinomthamo we-drip ogeleza ngemithambo yegazi, noma ukunikezwa koketshezi oluningi ngokweqile.
• Konke kubalwa: isampula egobile, ipayipi elingalungile, noma ukubambezeleka kokuthutha isikhathi eside.

Imiphumela elungile ngokobuchwepheshe kodwa efundeka kabi kalula

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi kwakamuva kushintsha isithombe seseli elibomvu futhi kungafihla iphethini engaphansi.
• Izithasiselo ze-iron noma ze-B12 zaqala ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ingenza izinkomba zibe zijwayelekile kuyilapho ukuntuleka kanye nembangela yako kusasele.
• Ukuntuleka kwensimbi okukhona kanye nokuntuleka kwe-B12 inganikeza i-MCV evamile ngendlela ekhohlisayo.
• ukukhulelwa ngokuvamile kwehlisa i-hemoglobin ngokuyixuba futhi kukhulisa kancane amaseli amhlophe; kusebenza amazinga aqondene nokukhulelwa.
• Ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala okungapheli ingacindezela i-hemoglobin ngaphandle kokudla okunomsoco.
• Indawo yokuhlala ephakeme kakhulu kuphakamisa amanani ajwayelekile e-hemoglobin.

Uma umphumela ungahambisani nendlela ozizwa ngayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ukuphinda ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo esifanele.

Izingozi nokuphepha

Ukudonswa kwegazi emithanjeni kubantu abadala

Izinkinga azivamile futhi ngokuvamile zincane: ubuhlungu obufushane, ukuphuka okuncane, noma ukuqaqamba endaweni yokubhoboza. Ukuquleka noma ukuba nekhanda elikhanyayo kungenzeka, kaningi kubantu abadala abasebasha, labo abakhathazekile nalabo abangadlanga. Tshela abasebenzi kusenesikhathi uma uke waquleka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi ngaphambilini. Ukutheleleka kwendawo kanye nokucasuka kwemizwa akuvamile. Ukuphuka kungenzeka kakhulu kuma-anticoagulant, ama-antiplatelet noma unesifo sokopha.

Ukuhlatshwa isithende noma umunwe ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane

Ukungakhululeki kufushane. Ukulimala futhi, akuvamile, ukutheleleka kwendawo kungenzeka. Ukuhlatshwa izithende okuphindaphindiwe ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa kungabangela ubuhlungu bendawo. Amasampula amaningi agcinwa amancane ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezinsana.

Idonsa kusukela emugqeni ophakathi noma echwebeni

Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kahle, futhi kunengozi encane yokutheleleka ngentambo noma ukuvaleka. Amasampula athathwe oketshezini olugeleza ngentambo angancishiswa futhi angathembeki.

Umthamo wegazi othathwayo ukuze kutholakale i-CBC mncane futhi ngokwawo awubangeli i-anemia kumuntu ophile kahle, yize ukuhlolwa okuvamile ezigulini ezilaliswe esibhedlela kanye nasezinsaneni ezincane kunqunyelwe ngamabomu.

Izimo ezikhethekile

ukukhulelwa

I-Hemoglobin ivame ukwehla kancane ekukhulelweni ngoba umthamo we-plasma uyakhula; kusebenza izikhawu zokubhekisela eziqondene nokukhulelwa. I-CBC isetshenziselwa ukuthola i-anemia, ukuqapha ama-platelet ezimweni ezifana ne-pre-eclampsia, kanye nokuqondisa ukuphathwa kwensimbi ne-folate, konke okunqunywa yithimba lababelethisi. I-CBC akuyona ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwangaphambi kokubeletha, futhi akukho ultrasound noma umsebenzi wokunquma ubulili kwangaphambi kokubeletha ohilelekile.

Izingane

Amanani ajwayelekile e-hemoglobin, amangqamuzana amhlophe kanye nama-lymphocyte ashintsha kakhulu kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube yilapho esemusha, ngakho-ke amazinga ezingane kumele asetshenziswe. Umehluko oyinhloko wama-lymphocyte uvamile ebuntwaneni bokuqala. Ukuntuleka kwensimbi kuvamile ezinsaneni nasezinsaneni zaseNdiya; ukuhlolwa kokudla okunempilo kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuqondiswa udokotela wezingane.

Abantu abadala abadala

I-anemia kumuntu omdala akufanele ibangelwe ukuguga. Ngokuvamile ikhombisa ukulahlekelwa yigazi, isifo sezinso, ukuphazamiseka komnkantsha noma ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, futhi idinga uphenyo.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela basebenzisa imithi

I-CBC ayidingi ukuzila ukudla; ​​gwema ukuzila ukudla isikhathi eside okungadingekile. Isifo sezinso esihlobene nesifo sikashukela singanciphisa i-hemoglobin, futhi i-CBC ingaqashwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinso.

Isifo sezinso ezingapheli

I-anemia ivame kakhulu njengoba ukusebenza kwezinso kwehla, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwehla kwe-erythropoietin. I-CBC isetshenziselwa ukuqapha, ngokuvamile ngezifundo zensimbi, kanye nesikhathi esiphathelene nezindaba ze-dialysis.

Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo

I-anemia kanye nokuntuleka kwensimbi kuvamile futhi kungenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Izinguquko ezihlobene ne-diuretic ekulinganisweni koketshezi zingashintsha ukufundwa kwe-hemoglobin kanye ne-hematocrit kuye phezulu noma phansi, yingakho ukuthambekela kubaluleke kakhulu kunenani elilodwa. Ungashintshi umthamo wokudla koketshezi noma umthamo wokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni ukuze ulungiselele ukuhlolwa.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kanye nokucindezeleka kwamasosha omzimba

Ukubalwa kuhlolwa ngesheduli ebekwe yithimba elilaphayo ukuze liqondise isikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokuthola inani eliphansi le-neutrophil noma le-platelet. Umkhuhlane onenani eliphansi le-neutrophil uyisimo esiphuthumayo.

Isifo esaziwayo se-thalassemia noma i-sickle cell

Ukubalwa kwesisekelo kuhlukile ezikhawulweni ezijwayelekile zokubhekisela. Ukuchazwa kufanele kuhambisane namanani akho angaphambilini kanye nodokotela ojwayelene nalesi simo.

I-CBC hemogram kumongo waseNdiya

• I-anemia isakazeke kabanzi. Ucwaningo Lwezempilo Lomndeni Kazwelonke lwaseNdiya (2019-21) lubike ukwanda okukhulu kwe-anemia phakathi kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala, izingane kanye namantombazane asebasha, yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin kuyinto evamile emitholampilo yaseNdiya.
• I-Microcytosis idinga ukunakekelwa, hhayi i-reflex iron. Isici se-Beta-thalassemia kanye nezinye izifo ze-hemoglobinopathy zivame emiphakathini eminingana yamaNdiya. I-MCV ephansi enenani elijwayelekile noma eliphakeme lamaseli abomvu ingakhomba isici kunokuntuleka kwensimbi. Ukuqinisekisa imbangela ngaphambi kokwengezwa kwensimbi isikhathi eside kubalulekile, futhi isinqumo singesikadokotela wakho.
• Udenga nama-platelet. Ngesikhathi sezinyanga zemvula kanye nezinyanga zangemva kwemvula, inani lama-platelet lihlelwa kabanzi. Inani lama-platelet lodwa alinqumi ukwelashwa, ukuthambekela kwe-hematocrit, izimpawu zesixwayiso kanye nesimo sempilo kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukumpontshelwa ama-platelet akudingeki ngoba inani liphansi.
• Umalaleveva kanye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane. Ama-platelet aphansi anomkhuhlane kufanele ashukumise ukucatshangelwa kwe-malaria; i-CBC ayikwazi ukubona amagciwane, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwe-smear noma i-antigen okusheshayo.
• Ukwelashwa okulwa nesifo sofuba kanye neminye imithi. Izibalo zegazi ngezinye izikhathi ziyaqashelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba kanye neminye imithi yesikhathi eside, kanye nokuhlolwa kwesibindi njengoba kwelulekwa.
• Izithasiselo kanye nemikhiqizo yezitshalo. Amalungiselelo e-AYUSH, izithasiselo zasejimini kanye nama-tonic athengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela kungathinta imingcele yegazi nesibindi. Memezela konke okuthathayo.
• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo kwe-B12 kuvame ukubonakala ekudleni okuvame kakhulu kwemifino futhi kungase kuhambisane nokuntuleka kwensimbi.
• Ubumfihlo bedatha. Imibiko yelabhorethri iyidatha yezempilo yomuntu siqu; ukuphathwa yizibhedlela kanye namalebhu eNdiya kulawulwa uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Yomuntu Siqu Yedijithali, ka-2023. Buza ukuthi umbiko wakho uzokwabelwana futhi ugcinwe kanjani.

Izindleko kanye nomshuwalense eNdiya

I-CBC hemogram ingenye yezivivinyo zelabhorethri ezingabizi kakhulu ezitholakala eNdiya. Amanani avame ukuba ngamakhulu ama-rupee aphansi ezindaweni zokuqoqa ezizimele, futhi ahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamadolobha, amalabhorethri kanye nezigaba zezibhedlela. Izibalo ezibonisa kuphela, ziqinisekisa intengo yamanje ngqo nelabhorethri ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Yini eshintsha izindleko

• Uhlobo lwendawo: ilebhu ezimele, isikhungo sokuxilonga esinochungechunge, noma isibhedlela sesithathu.
• Ukuhlanganisa: I-CBC ngaphakathi kwephakheji yokuhlola impilo ivame ukubiza kancane ngokuhlolwa ngakunye kunalapho i-odwa yodwa.
• Izengezo: Ukuhlolwa kwe-smear ngesandla, inani lama-reticulocyte, i-ESR noma i-CRP kukhokhiswa ngokwehlukana.
• Iqoqo lasekhaya: ngokuvamile ithwala imali eyengeziwe.
• Ukuphuthuma: ukucubungula okubalulekile noma okwangemva kwamahora kungase kube nentengo ephezulu.
• Ukugunyazwa: Amalabhorethri agunyazwe yi-NABL angase abe nentengo ehlukile.

Insurance

• Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga ngaphandle kwesiguli ngokuvamile akumbozwa umshwalense wezempilo ojwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthi inqubomgomo ifaka i-OPD noma inzuzo yokuhlola impilo.
• Uma ungeniswa esibhedlela, i-CBC eyenziwa njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwesiguli ngaphakathi kwesibhedlela ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa ngaphakathi kwesicelo sokwamukelwa, ngokuya ngemigomo yenqubomgomo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngaphambi kwenqubomgomo kanye nezinhlelo zempilo yabaqashi zivame ukufaka i-CBC.
• Izinhlelo zikahulumeni kanye nezibhedlela zomphakathi zinikeza ukuhlolwa ngoxhaso noma mahhala ezindaweni eziningi.

Izinganekwane namaqiniso

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izimo i-CBC hemogram engasiza ekuziboneni?

I-CBC isiza ekuboneni i-anemia, inani lamaseli amhlophe elikhuphukile noma elinciphile, kanye nenani lama-platelet elingajwayelekile. Lokhu okutholakele kusekela ukuhlolwa kokutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, ukuthambekela kokopha kanye neminye imidlavuza yegazi. I-CBC ikhombisa iphethini hhayi ukuxilongwa, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kutholakale imbangela.

Ingabe ngidinga ukuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-CBC hemogram?

Ukuzila ukudla ngokuvamile akudingeki kwi-CBC kuphela. Imiyalelo yokuzila ukudla ivela lapho i-CBC i-odwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-glucose yokuzila ukudla, i-insulin noma i-lipid. Landela imiyalelo ebhaliwe evela elabhorethri yakho. Uma uthatha i-insulin noma i-sulfonylureas, hlola nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuzila ukudla nganoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC?

Ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngokwako kuthatha cishe imizuzu emibili kuya kwemihlanu, inaliti isemzimbeni isikhathi esingaphansi komzuzu. Vumela cishe imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30 esikhungweni kufaka phakathi nokubhaliswa. Abahlaziyi abazenzakalelayo baveza imiphumela kungakapheli imizuzu isampula ifikile, yize amashejuli okubika ehluka phakathi kwama-laboratory.

Ingabe imithi ingashintsha imiphumela yami ye-CBC?

Yebo. Ama-corticosteroids, i-chemotherapy, amanye ama-antibiotic, ama-anti-epileptics, imithi yokulwa ne-thyroid kanye nama-immunosuppressants konke kungathinta inani. I-iron, i-vitamin B12 kanye nezithako ze-folate kungashintsha izinkomba zamaseli abomvu. Tshela udokotela ocelayo konke okuthathayo, okuhlanganisa nezithako ze-AYUSH kanye ne-gym, futhi ungalokothi uyeke umuthi owunikezwe udokotela ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela.

Kusho ukuthini ukubalwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi okuphansi?

Inani eliphansi lingalandela ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kwakamuva, imithi ethile, isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, udende olukhuphukile noma isifo somnkantsha wamathambo. Abanye abantu abaphilile ngokwemvelo banezibalo eziphansi ze-neutrophil. Inani elilodwa eliphansi livame ukuphindwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Umkhuhlane onenani eliphansi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali udinga ukuhlolwa okuphuthumayo.

Inani lama-platelet ami libuye liphansi kakhulu kodwa ngizizwa ngiphilile. Manje sekwenzenjani?

Ukuqunjelwa kwama-platelet epayipini lokuqoqa kuyimbangela eyaziwayo yokubala okuphansi ngokungeyikho. Ama-laboratories avame ukuqinisekisa umphumela ku-smear engaphandle noma isampula ephindaphindwayo epayipini elihlukile. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngalolo suku ukuze umphumela uqinisekiswe futhi kuhlolwe izimbangela zangempela.

I-CBC kufanele iphindwe kangaki?

Akukho sikhawu esivamile. Kumuntu omdala ophilile, i-CBC ingafakwa ekuhlolweni kwempilo okwenziwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-chemotherapy noma eminye imithi yesikhathi eside, ukuhlolwa kungaba njalo ngeviki noma njalo ngenyanga. Ekukhulelweni, isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona noma i-anemia eyaziwayo, udokotela olaphayo ubeka ishejuli.

Ingabe i-CBC iphephile ezinganeni kanye nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Ukuthatha amasampula egazi kuyinto evamile kuwo womabili amaqembu futhi izinkinga azivamile, ngokuvamile zikhawulelwe ebuhlungwini obufushane noma ekulimaleni okuncane. Kusetshenziswa amashubhu amancane ezinsaneni, futhi kudingeka izikhawu zokubhekisela eziqondene nezingane noma ukukhulelwa ukuze kuchazwe.