PFT

Isingeniso

I-Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) iyiqembu lokuhlola elisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Lezi zivivinyo zikala umthamo womoya ongawuhogela futhi uwukhiphe, isivinini ongakwazi ukuphefumula ngaso, nokuthi umoya-mpilo udluliselwa ngempumelelo kangakanani usuka emaphashini akho uye egazini lakho. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo inganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesimo samaphaphu akho futhi ingasiza ekuhlonzeni izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa isifuba somoya, isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvimbela amaphaphu (COPD), kanye ne-pulmonary fibrosis.

Yini i-Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)?

I-Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) ibhekisela eqoqweni lokuhlola elikala ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kuhlola ukuhlola umthamo wamaphaphu, amandla, ukugeleza, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-oxygen edluliswa isuka emaphashini iye egazini. Imiphumela ye-PFT ingasiza ekuhlonzeni izifo ezihlukahlukene zamaphaphu, inqume ubulukhuni besimo samaphaphu, futhi ilandelele ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa noma isifo samaphaphu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zokuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Spirometry: Lokhu kuhlola kukala inani lomoya ongawuhogela futhi uwukhiphe, nokuthi ungakwenza ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izimo ezifana ne-asthma ne-COPD.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwevolumu yamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhlola kukala umthamo ophelele womoya amaphaphu akho angawubamba, okusiza ukuhlonza izifo zamaphaphu ezivimbelayo njenge-pulmonary fibrosis.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwekhono Lokusabalalisa: Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukuthi i-oksijini ihamba kahle kangakanani isuka emaphashini akho iye egazini lakho. Kubalulekile ukuhlola izimo ezifana ne-emphysema noma isifo se-interstitial lung.
• I-Plethysmography yomzimba: Lokhu kuhlola kukala inani lomoya emaphashini ngemva kokuba usuwukhiphe ngokuphelele, okusiza ukuhlola umthamo wamaphaphu nokungazweli komoya.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Methacholine Challenge: Isetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifuba somoya, lokhu kuhlola kuhilela ukuhogela umuthi obangela ukuthi imigudu yokuphefumula iqine, okusiza ukuhlonza ukusabela ngokweqile komzila womoya.

Lusebenza Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu?

I-PFT ngokuvamile yenziwa endaweni yomtholampilo, njengehhovisi likadokotela wamaphaphu noma esibhedlela. Inqubo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukulungiselela: Ngaphambi kokuthi ukuhlolwa kuqale, uzocelwa ukuthi ukhiphe noma yiziphi izingubo ezikumpintshayo, ubucwebe, noma izinto ezingase zithiye ukuphefumula kwakho. Kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa, ungase uyalwe ukuba uyeke ukudla, ukuphuza, noma ukusebenzisa imithi ethile isikhathi esinqunyiwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Spirometry: Nge-spirometry, uzocelwa ukuthi uphefumule emlonyeni oxhunywe ku-spirometer, okulinganisa inani lomoya ophefumulayo nangaphandle. Uzocelwa ukuthi udonse umoya ojulile bese uwukhipha ngamandla futhi ngokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba.
3. Ukuhlolwa Kwevolumu yamaphaphu: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwevolumu yamaphaphu, ungase ucelwe ukuba uphefumulele emshinini okala umthamo wamaphaphu akho. Ungase futhi ucelwe ukuthi uphefumule ingxube yegesi ukusiza ukubala umthamo wamaphaphu akho.
4. Ukuhlolwa Kwekhono Lokusabalalisa: Kulokhu kuhlolwa, uzohogela igesi elincane (ngokuvamile i-carbon monoxide noma into efanayo), futhi umshini uzokala ukuthi ingakanani igesi emuncwa amaphaphu akho bese idluliselwa egazini lakho.
5. I-Plethysmography yomzimba: Lokhu kuhlola kuhilela ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwekamelo elincane, elingangeni moya futhi uphefumulele emlonyeni. Idivayisi izokala umfutho womoya ekamelweni njengoba uphefumula, isize ukuhlola umthamo wamaphaphu nokumelana komoya.
6. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Methacholine Challenge: Kulokhu kuhlolwa, uhogela amanani akhulayo e-methacholine, angabangela imigudu yomoya ukuthi ibambene kubantu abanesifuba somoya. Impendulo ilinganiswa nge-spirometry ukuze kutholwe izinga lokuminyana komzila womoya.

Kungani Kwenziwa Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu?

Ama-PFT enziwa ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuxilonga, ukuqapha, nokuphatha izimo zokuphefumula. Ezinye zezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokwenza ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlola Izimo Zokuphefumula: Ama-PFT avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izimo zamaphaphu njengesifuba somoya, isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvimbela amaphaphu (COPD), i-pulmonary fibrosis, kanye ne-emphysema. Basiza ekunqumeni ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi kukhona yini okungavamile okukhona.
• Ukuqapha Izifo Zamaphaphu: Kubantu asebetholwe benesifo samaphaphu, ama-PFT asetshenziswa njalo ukuqapha ukusebenza kwamaphaphu nokuhlola ukusebenza kokwelashwa. Izinguquko emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa zingabonisa ukuthi isimo siya ngokuba sibi kakhulu noma siyathuthuka.
• Ukuhlola Umsebenzi Wamaphaphu Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa: Ngezinye izikhathi ama-PFT ayenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlinzwa kuhilela amaphaphu noma uhlelo lokuphefumula. Basiza ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe ukusebenza kwamaphaphu esiguli kwanele yini ukuze kwenziwe inqubo kanye nokululama ngemva kwalokho.
• Ukulinganisa Ukuphefumula Okufushane: Uma ubhekene nokuphefumula okungaqondakali, i-PFT ingasiza ekunqumeni imbangela eyinhloko. Ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifo zamaphaphu ezivimbelayo (isb., i-pulmonary fibrosis) kanye nezifo ezivimbelayo (isb., isifuba somoya noma i-COPD).
• Ukuhlola Ukuchayeka Ezingozini Zomsebenzi: Abantu abake basebenza ezindaweni ezichayeke ezintweni eziyingozi (njenge-asbestos, uthuli lwamalahle, noma okunye ukungcola) banganikezwa i-PFT ukuze bahlole umthelela emaphashini abo.

Uzilungiselela Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu

Nakuba ama-PFT engahlaseli futhi ngokuvamile eqondile, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela ethile yokulungiselela ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela enembile. Nakhu okufanele ukukhumbule:

• Gwema Ukubhema: Kufanele ukugweme ukubhema okungenani amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, njengoba ukubhema kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho futhi kuthinte imiphumela.
• Gwema Ukuvivinya umzimba Okunzima: Kufanele ugweme ukuvivinya umzimba okukhandlayo okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, njengoba kungashintsha okwesikhashana ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho futhi kuthinte ukunemba kwemiphumela.
• Imithi: Imithi ethile, njengama-bronchodilator, ama-steroid, noma amanye ama-inhalers, ingase ithinte imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Kufanele wazise umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo nganoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo, futhi bazokunikeza isiqondiso sokuthi ungayilungisa yini noma uyigodle ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Ukuzila ukudla: Nakuba ukuzila ukudla ngokuvamile kungadingeki, udokotela wakho angase atuse ukuthi ugweme ukudla ukudla okunzima ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwevolumu yamaphaphu noma i-plethysmography yomzimba.
• Gqoka Izimpahla Ezinethezekile: Kunconywa ukuthi ugqoke izingubo ezivulekile ezikuvumela ukuthi uphefumule kahle. Izingubo eziqinile zingavimbela ikhono lakho lokudonsa umoya futhi zingaba nomthelela emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa.
• Letha Uhlu Lwezimpawu Zakho Nomlando Wezokwelapha: Zilungiselele ukunikeza imininingwane yezimpawu zakho (njengokukhwehlela, ukushaywa umoya, noma ukuphelelwa umoya), noma yimuphi umlando wezimo zokuphefumula, nanoma yimiphi imithi oyisebenzisayo njengamanje.

Ukuhunyushwa Kwemiphumela Yokuhlola

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu ihlaziywa ngumhlinzeki wokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ngokuvamile i-pulmonologist, ozohumusha idatha ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Ivolumu Ephoqelekile Yokuphelelwa yisikhathi (FEV1): Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ungakanani umoya ongawukhipha ngomzuzwana owodwa ngemva kokudonsa umoya. Ingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusebenza kwamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi ekuxilongeni izifo zamaphaphu ezivimbelayo njengesifuba somoya kanye ne-COPD.
• Amandla Abalulekile Aphoqelekile (FVC): Lokhu kulinganisa umthamo womoya ophelele ongawukhipha ngamandla ngemva kokudonsa umoya ojulile. I-FVC encishisiwe ingabonisa izifo zamaphaphu ezivimbelayo, njenge-pulmonary fibrosis noma isifo se-interstitial lung.
• I-FEV1/FVC Isilinganiso: Isilinganiso se-FEV1 kuya ku-FVC sisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifo zamaphaphu ezivimbelayo nezivimbelayo. Isilinganiso esiphansi siphakamisa izifo zamaphaphu ezivimbelayo, kuyilapho isilinganiso esivamile noma esiphezulu singabonisa izifo ezivimbelayo.
• I-Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF): Lokhu kulinganisa isivinini esiphezulu ongakhipha ngaso umoya. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubukhali besifuba somoya nokuthi isiguli singakuphatha kahle kangakanani ukugeleza komoya ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya.
• Ingqikithi Yamandla Amaphaphu (TLC): Lokhu kulinganisa umthamo ophelele womoya emaphashini ngemva kokuhogela okujulile. Kuyasiza ukuhlola ukuthi ungakanani umoya amaphaphu angabamba futhi kungaba yinkomba yezimo ezithile zamaphaphu.
• Amandla Okusabalalisa (i-DLCO): Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi amagesi afana nomoya-mpilo adlula kanjani emaphashini aye egazini. Kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhloleni izifo ezifana ne-emphysema, i-pulmonary fibrosis, nezinye izimo ezithinta i-alveoli (amasaka omoya amancane emaphashini).

Ibanga Elijwayelekile kanye Nokutolikwa Kwemiphumela Yokuhlolwa

Ukutolika imiphumela ye-PFT kuncike ekuqhathaniseni izilinganiso namanani ajwayelekile amisiwe. Lawa manani angahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezifana neminyaka, ubulili, ubude, nohlanga. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi obulandelayo bubhekwa njengejwayelekile:

• I-FEV1: Kumuntu onempilo, i-FEV1 kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-80% yenani elibikezelwe ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala, ubulili, nosayizi.
• I-FVC: I-FVC kufanele futhi ibe cishe ku-80% yenani elibikezelwe lomuntu onempilo. Inani eliphansi lingase liphakamise isimo samaphaphu esikhawulelayo.
• I-FEV1/FVC Isilinganiso: Isilinganiso esinempilo ngokuvamile singaphezu kuka-70-80%. Isilinganiso esingaphansi kwama-70% singabonisa izifo zamaphaphu ezivimbelayo njenge-COPD noma isifuba somoya.
• I-DLCO: I-DLCO evamile ivame ukuba ngaphezu kuka-80% yenani elibikezelwe, nakuba lokhu kungahluka kuye ngezimo ngazinye. I-DLCO ephansi iphakamisa ukushintshaniswa kwegesi okukhubazekile emaphashini, okuvame ukubonakala ku-emphysema noma i-pulmonary fibrosis.
• I-FTA: Isamba somthamo wamaphaphu kufanele sibe phakathi kwebanga elivamile ngokusekelwe kusayizi womzimba wakho. I-TLC ephansi ingase iphakamise izifo zamaphaphu ezivimbelayo, kuyilapho i-TLC ephakeme ingase ibonise i-emphysema noma ezinye izimo ezivimbelayo.

Izingozi Nezinkinga ze-PFT

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu ngokuvamile kuphephile, kunezingozi ezimbalwa ezingaba khona kanye nokucatshangelwa okufanele ukuqaphele:

• Ukungakhululeki kokuphefumula: Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nokungakhululeki okuncane ngesikhathi se-spirometry noma ezinye izingxenye zokuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi uma zinesimo samaphaphu esikhona. Kubalulekile ukwazisa uchwepheshe uma uzizwa unekhanda elilula, unesiyezi, noma uphelelwa umoya.
• Ukuphefumula ngokweqile: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ungase ucelwe ukuthi ukhiphe umoya ngamandla noma uhogele, okungase kuholele ku-hyperventilation (ukuphefumula ngokushesha). Lokhu ngokuvamile kufushane kodwa kungase kubangele ukungaphatheki kahle noma isiyezi.
• ukutheleleka: Uma i-bronchodilator isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa noma uma okokusebenza kungahlanzwanga kahle, kunengozi encane yokutheleleka. Nokho, lobu bungozi buphansi kakhulu.
• Ukuchazwa kabi kwemiphumela: Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kungase kudingeke ukuthi kuphindwe uma imiphumela ingahambisani noma ingacacile. Kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imiyalelo ngokucophelela ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Ngesiguli Mayelana Nokuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu

• Yini i-Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)?

  I-PFT iyiqembu lokuhlola elisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Ikala ukugeleza komoya, umthamo wamaphaphu, nokuthi amaphaphu akho awudlulisela kahle kangakanani umoya-mpilo egazini, esiza ekuxilongeni nokuqapha izimo zamaphaphu.

• Kufanele ngizilungiselele kanjani i-PFT?

  Lungiselela ngokugwema ukubhema amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ukugwema ukuvivinya umzimba okukhandlayo, nokwazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo. Gqoka izingubo ezixegayo futhi ugweme ukudla okunzima ngaphambi nje kokuhlolwa.

• Ingabe i-PFT ibuhlungu?

  Cha, i-PFT iyinqubo engahlanyisi. Ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile ngenkathi ufutha emlonyeni noma ubambe umoya, kodwa akufanele kubangele ubuhlungu.

• I-PFT ithatha isikhathi esingakanani?

  Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuye kwengama-60, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlola oludingekayo kanye nobunzima bokuhlola.

• Yiziphi izimo ezingatholwa yi-PFT?

  I-PFT ingathola futhi ihlole izimo ezifana nesifuba somoya, i-COPD, i-pulmonary fibrosis, i-emphysema, izifo zamaphaphu, nezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kwalezi zifo.

• Yiziphi izingozi ze-PFT?

  Izingozi zincane kodwa zingabandakanya ukungaphatheki kahle noma isiyezi, ikakhulukazi uma ucelwa ukuthi ubambe umoya noma uwukhiphe ngamandla. Kukhona futhi ingozi encane yokutheleleka uma imishini ingahlanzwanga ngendlela efanele.

• Inembe kangakanani i-PFT?

  Ama-PFT anembe kakhulu uma enziwa ngendlela efanele futhi ehunyushwa uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Banikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamaphaphu futhi basize ekuxilongeni izimo zokuphefumula.

• Kwenzekani uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingajwayelekile?

  Uma imiphumela ibonisa inkinga yamaphaphu, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa, okufana nokulungiswa kwemithi noma izifundo zezithombe ezengeziwe, ukuze ahlole isimo ngokucophelela.

• Ngingadla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

  Kufanele ukugweme ukudla izidlo ezinkulu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kodwa ukudla okulula kuvamise ukuba kuhle. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungabhemi noma ungazivocavoca ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

• Ingabe i-PFT izothola i-asthma?

  Yebo, i-PFT ingakwazi ukubona isifuba somoya ngokulinganisa ukungena nokuphuma komoya emaphashini. Ezigulini ezinesifuba somoya, ukugeleza komoya kungase kunciphe, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya.

Isiphetho

I-Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) iyithuluzi lokuxilonga elibalulekile lokuhlola impilo yamaphaphu kanye nokuhlonza izinhlobonhlobo zezimo zokuphefumula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlolelwa isifuba somoya, i-COPD, nanoma yisiphi esinye isifo samaphaphu, ulwazi olutholwe ku-PFT luwusizo kakhulu ekubhekeni nasekulawuleni impilo yamaphaphu akho. Ngokulungiselela okuncane okudingekayo kanye nezingozi eziphansi ezihilelekile, i-PFT iyithuluzi eliphephile, elisebenzayo, nelibalulekile lokuhlonza nokwelapha izimo zamaphaphu kusenesikhathi. Uma unokuthile okukukhathazayo noma imibuzo mayelana nokuhlolwa, hlala uthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.