Ukuhlolwa kweChikungunya: Indlela iChikungunya ehlolwa ngayo, Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okufanele kwenziwe nokuthi nini

Ukuthatha okhiye

• Isikhathi sinquma ukuhlolwa: Ukuhlolwa kwe-RT-PCR ekuqaleni kokugula, ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ye-IgM kusukela cishe ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala kuqhubeke.
• Ukuhlolwa okungekuhle akukukhiphi i-chikungunya: amasampula athathwe kusenesikhathi noma sekwephuzile kakhulu angaphuthelwa ukutheleleka.
• I-Chikungunya ne-dengue zifana: eNdiya zombili zijikeleza ndawonye, ​​ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kodenga kuvame ukwenziwa eceleni, njengoba udenga lunephrofayili ehlukile yengozi.
• Ukuhlolwa akushintshi ukwelashwa okuyinhloko: ukunakekelwa kuyasekela, kodwa ukuxilongwa okuqinisekisiwe kusiza ukuchaza ubuhlungu bamalunga obuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kuqondise ukukhululeka kobuhlungu okuphephile.
• Imiphumela idinga ukuchazwa ngokwezokwelapha ngudokotela owayala ukuhlolwa, kanye nezimpawu, usuku lokugula kanye nomlando wohambo noma wokuqubuka kwesifo.

Nge-shazi

Obeye aziwe njengo

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ye-chikungunya IgM ELISA;
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CHIKV RT-PCR; ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya PCR
• Ukuhlolwa kwekhadi le-Chikungunya okusheshayo
• Ngokuvamile kucelwa ukuthi "ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-chikungunya", "ukuhlolwa komkhuhlane we-chikungunya", noma nje "ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya"

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya

I-Chikungunya ibangelwa yigciwane le-chikungunya (CHIKV), elisakazwa omiyane be-Aedes aegypti kanye ne-Aedes albopictus , abaluma kakhulu emini. Lesi sifo sivame ukuqala ngomkhuhlane osheshayo kanye nobuhlungu obuphawulekayo bamalunga, obuvame ukuba nobukhulu obulinganayo, obuthinta izandla, izihlakala, amaqakala namadolo. Ukuqubuka kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu kuvamile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya akulona ukuhlolwa okukodwa. Kuyiqembu lezindlela zelebhu:

• I-RT-PCR: ithola izakhi zofuzo zegciwane ngenkathi igciwane lisajikeleza egazini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukutheleleka okusebenzayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody e-IgM (ELISA): ithola impendulo yokuqala ye-antibody. Isikisela ukutheleleka kwakamuva.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ye-IgG (ELISA): ithola i-antibody ehlala isikhathi eside kamuva. Ngokuvamile ibonisa ukuvezwa kwayo esikhathini esidlule.
• Amakhadi e-antibody asheshayo: Ama-kit okunakekelwa okusheshayo. Awusizo ekuhlolweni kwe-triage, kodwa ukusebenza kuyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwama-kit futhi ngokuvamile aphathwa njengokucatshangelwayo kunokuba aqinisekiswe.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya

• Ukuqinisekisa imbangela yesifo esibuhlungu kakhulu esihambisana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga ngesikhathi noma ngemva kwemvula, noma ngemva kokuhamba uye endaweni enokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlukanisa i-chikungunya ne-dengue, engabelana ngomkhuhlane, ukuqubuka kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba kodwa ingaqhubekela ekuvuvukeni kwe-plasma, ukopha kanye nokushaqeka.
• Ukuchaza ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo bamalunga amasonto noma izinyanga ngemva komkhuhlane, lapho kusolwa khona ukuthi i-chikungunya idlule.
• Ukusekela ukuqapha impilo yomphakathi ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo.

Ubani okufanele athole lolu vivinyo

• Abantu abanomkhuhlane ongazelelwe kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu bamalunga noma ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, ikakhulukazi lapho kubikwa khona i-chikungunya endaweni.
• Abantu abanomkhuhlane kanye nokuqubuka bebuya endaweni eyaziwa ukuthi ithelelekile.
• Abantu abanobuhlungu bamalunga obuqhubekayo obungachazeki ngemuva kokugula okubangelwa umkhuhlane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.
• Izinsana zomama ababenomkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokubeletha, lapho udokotela wezingane olaphayo esola ukuthi zidluliselwa ngokukhulelwa.
• Abantu abadala kanye nabantu abanesifo sikashukela, inhliziyo, izinso noma isibindi abanesifo esifana ne-dengue, njengoba la maqembu edinga ukubhekwa eduze kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi igciwane elibangela lesi sifo.

Ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile akudingeki kuwo wonke umkhuhlane omncane omfushane ongenazo izimpawu zamalunga. Udokotela owelaphayo unquma ngokusekelwe esithombeni somtholampilo kanye nomsebenzi wokuqubuka kwendawo.

Lokho ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya okungenakukuthola noma okungakubandakanyi

• I-RT-PCR engemihle ayikhiphi i-chikungunya ngaphandle. Amazinga egciwane egazini ehla ngokushesha, ngokuvamile phakathi nesonto lokuqala. Uma isampula kamuva, i-RNA ingase ingasekho.
• I-IgM engemihle ayikhiphi i-chikungunya uma isampula ithathwe kusenesikhathi kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ama-antibodies. Ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kamuva kungase kwelulekwe.
• Umphumela we-chikungunya ongemuhle awukukhiphi ngaphandle i-dengue, i-malaria, i-scrub typhus, i-leptospirosis, i-enteric fever, i-hepatitis E, i-COVID-19 noma ezinye izimbangela zomkhuhlane obukhali. Laba badinga ukuhlolwa kwabo.
• Ukuhlolwa akukwazi ukukala ubukhali noma ukubikezela ukuthi ubuhlungu bamalunga buzophela emavikini noma buzoqhubeka izinyanga.
• Ukutholakala kwe-IgG kukodwa akukwazi ukubala usuku lokutheleleka. Akukutsheli ukuthi ukuchayeka kwakungenyanga edlule noma eminyakeni edlule, futhi akuyona indlela ethembekile yokuhlonza izimpawu zamanje nge-chikungunya.
• Ukuhlolwa akuhloli umonakalo wamalunga. Isifo samathambo esiqhubekayo ngemva kwe-chikungunya sitholakala ngokwezokwelapha, ngezinye izikhathi ngokubuyekezwa kwe-imaging kanye ne-rheumatology, hhayi ngokuphindaphinda i-serology.

Okutholakele kuchaza lokho okwatholakala kuleyo sampula ngaleso sikhathi. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi naphezu komphumela ojwayelekile noma omubi, buyela kudokotela wakho kunokuba ucabange ukuthi ukugula sekuphelile.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene kodwa okuhlukile

Okuza kuqala kuncike ekubonisweni, hhayi ekulinganisweni kwezivivinyo. Umkhuhlane wezinsuku ezimbili obuhlungu bomzimba uyindawo ehlukile yokuqala ebuhlungwini bamalunga ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemva komkhuhlane, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuqala okunengqondo kuyahluka ngokufanele.

Ungalungiselela kanjani

• Akukho ukuzila ukudla okudingekayo kokuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya RT-PCR noma i-antibody. Uma ezinye izivivinyo zihlanganiswe ku-draw efanayo, imfuneko yokuzila ukudla yalezo zivivinyo iyasebenza.
• Qaphela usuku izimpawu zakho eziqale ngalo. Lolu ulwazi olulodwa oluwusizo kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekuchazeni isivivinyo. Tshela abasebenzi abaqoqayo.
• Khuluma ngomlando wohambo emavikini ambalwa edlule, nokuthi abanye ekhaya noma emsebenzini bake baba nomkhuhlane ofanayo.
• Bhala yonke imithi, okuhlanganisa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu, imithi yokunciphisa igazi, ama-steroid kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi ye-AYUSH noma ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.
• Phuza amanzi ngendlela evamile ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho unciphise uketshezi olusetshenziswayo. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni akulona iqiniso nge-chikungunya serology, kodwa kungenza ukudonsa kwegazi kube nzima.

Izikhathi zokuqoqa, ukuphathwa kwamasampula kanye nokuthi i-RT-PCR inikezwa ngaphakathi noma idluliselwe ngaphandle kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwamalebhu. Imiyalelo yelebhu yakho iza kuqala kuneseluleko esijwayelekile.

Uma ukhulelwe

Ukuthatha amasampula egazi kuphephile ekukhulelweni. I-Chikungunya ekukhulelweni idinga ukufakwa kodokotela, ikakhulukazi uma umkhuhlane usondela ekubelethweni, ngenxa yengozi yokudluliselwa kosana olusanda kuzalwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Bika umkhuhlane ekukhulelweni ngokushesha kunokulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Uma uphuza amanzi amaningi, unesifo senhliziyo noma i-CKD ethuthukile

Ungandisi umthamo woketshezi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ngokweseluleko esijwayelekile. Landela imikhawulo ebekwe udokotela wakho okwelaphayo. Ukuqeda ubuhlungu nakho kudinga ukunakekelwa kula maqembu, njengoba amanye ama-painkiller asetshenziswa kakhulu ethinta ukusebenza kwezinso kanye nokulinganisela koketshezi, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi iyiphi i-analgesic ekufanele.

Uma unesifo sikashukela ekwelashweni kokwehlisa i-glucose

Akukho ukuzila ukudla okudingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe i-chikungunya, ngakho qhubeka nokudla nokuphuza imithi njengenjwayelo ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho ekutshelile ngenye indlela. Uma kwenziwa olunye ukuhlolwa kokuzila ukudla ngesikhathi esifanayo, buza udokotela ukuthi angasibeka kanjani isikhathi semithi yakho.

Izingane

Ukuhlolwa kwezingane kusebenzisa amanani amancane. Umzali angase ahlale nengane. Umkhuhlane ohambisana nokuncipha kokudla, ukudinwa noma ukuphuma komchamo okungekuhle enganeni udinga ukubuyekezwa kwezokwelapha ngalolo suku, ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela ibuye.

Abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi

Tshela udokotela we-phlebotomist. Ungayeki imithi yokuvimbela ukugabha kwegazi ukuze uhlolwe igazi. Ukucindezela okuqinile, okude endaweni yokubhoboza kuvame ukwanele.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa

Udokotela we-phlebotomist uhlanza isikhumba, afake i-tourniquet futhi akhiphe igazi elivela emthanjeni wengalo aliyise epayipini elilodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhlolwa kwamakhadi okusheshayo kungasebenzisa i-fingerstick drop esikhundleni salokho. Ungase uzizwe ulunywa isikhashana futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ube nokulimala okuncane ngemva kwalokho.

Inqubo ithatha isikhathi esingakanani

• Ukuqoqwa kwegazi: ngokuvamile imizuzu emibili kuya kwemihlanu.
• Ikhadi le-antibody esheshayo: umphumela uvame ukufundwa zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-30, ngokwemiyalelo yekhithi.
• I-IgM/IgG ELISA: ukuhlolwa ngokwako kuthatha amahora ambalwa, kodwa amalabhorethri avame ukusebenzisa amapuleti e-ELISA ngamaqoqo, ngakho-ke ukubika kuncike ekuhleleni amaqoqo.
• I-RT-PCR: Ukusebenza kokukhulisa kuthatha amahora ambalwa; isikhathi esiphelele sincike ekutheni isampula icutshungulwa ngaphakathi endlini noma idluliselwe elabhorethri yokubhekisela.

Izikhathi zokubika zangempela ziyahluka phakathi kwamalebhu. Cela isikhungo sakho sokuqoqa izimpahla ukuthi sikunike ishejuli yaso yamanje.

Ukuqonda umbiko wakho we-chikungunya

Imiphumela ye-Chikungunya ivame ukubikwa njenge-"etholakele/engatholakali" ye-RT-PCR kanye ne-"esabelayo/engaphenduliyo" noma "emihle/engemihle" yama-antibodies. Amanye amalabhorethri abika nesilinganiso se-index noma i-optical density; i-interpretive cut-off ichazwa yikhithi esetshenzisiwe futhi iphrintiwe embikweni waleyo labhorethri.

Kutholwe i-RT-PCR

Kwakukhona i-RNA yegciwane le-Chikungunya. Lokhu kusekela ukutheleleka okusebenzayo, kwamanje.

I-RT-PCR ayitholakalanga

Akukho RNA yegciwane etholakale kuleyo sampula. Lokhu akukhiphi i-chikungunya, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwesonto lokuqala lokugula. Udokotela wakho angase angeze noma aphinde ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody.

I-IgM esabelayo

Kusikisela ukutheleleka kwamuva. I-IgM ingahlala itholakala amasonto kuya ezinyangeni kwabanye abantu, ngakho-ke umphumela we-IgM-reactive kumuntu onesifo samalunga esihlala isikhathi eside akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukutheleleka kusha.

I-IgG esabelayo, i-IgM ayisebenzi

Ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuchayeka esikhathini esidlule. Akuqinisekisi ukuthi isifo samanje yi-chikungunya, futhi akusibo ubufakazi bokuvikelwa impilo yonke.

Kokubili i-IgM ne-IgG ezisabelayo

Kuvame ukubonakala esigabeni sokululama kokutheleleka kwamuva, noma ekuthelelekeni kwakamuva kumuntu ovezwe ngaphambilini. Ukuchazwa kuncike osukwini lokugula.

Konke okunegethivu

Noma i-chikungunya ayiyona imbangela, noma isampula yathathwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amasosha omzimba. Uma umkhuhlane nobuhlungu bamalunga kuqhubeka, ezinye izimbangela kumele zilandelwe ngenkuthalo.

Akukho mphumela okufanele ufundwe wodwa. Udokotela ocele ukuhlolwa uyawuchaza ngokwezimpawu zakho, usuku lokugula, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye neminye imiphumela yegazi.

Lapho imiphumela ye-chikungunya ingadukisa khona

Kuyiphutha (ukutheleleka kukhona, ukuhlolwa kuthi cha)

• Isampula ye-RT-PCR ithathwe sekwephuzile kakhulu: I-viraemia ihlala isikhathi esifushane, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi i-RNA isiphelile.
• I-IgM ithathwe amasampula kusenesikhathi kakhulu: Ama-antibodies kungenzeka angakalinganiswa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala.
• I-Immunosuppression: Abantu abathola ukwelashwa okucindezela amasosha omzimba noma abanezinkinga ezinkulu zamasosha omzimba bangase babe nokusabela okubuthakathaka noma okubambezelekile kwamasosha omzimba.
• Imikhawulo yekhadi esheshayo: Ama-point-of-care kits ngokuvamile awazweli kakhulu kune-ELISA yelabhorethri, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokugula.
• Ukuphatha isampula: ukuthuthwa okulibazisekile noma isitoreji esingafanele kungonakalisa i-RNA.

Kuhle noma kuhunyushwe ngokweqile (ukuhlolwa kusikisela okungaphezu kwalokho okuyiqiniso)

• Ukusabela okuhlangene namanye ama-alphavirus futhi, ngezinye izindlela zokuhlola, okunye ukuchayeka kwe-flavivirus noma ukugoma kwakamuva kungenza kube nzima i-serology.
• I-IgM eqhubekayo evela ekuthelelekeni okudala kungase kufundwe kabi njengokutheleleka okusha ngesikhathi sokugula okusha okubangelwa umkhuhlane.
• I-rheumatoid factor kanye namanye ama-autoantibodies kungaphazamisa ukuhlolwa okuthile kwe-IgM.
• I-IgG ifundeka ngokuthi "ukungavikeleki": I-IgG esabelayo ayisona isitifiketi sokuvikela futhi akufanele ishintshe indlela yokuziphatha yokugwema omiyane.

Imiphumela iyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zomtholampilo ngazinye, ukuhlolwa okusetshenzisiwe kanye nosuku lokugula okwathathwa ngalo isampula.

Izingozi nokuphepha

Ukudonswa kwegazi emithanjeni

Ngokuvamile ingozi iphansi. Imiphumela engaba khona ihlanganisa ubuhlungu obufushane, ukudumba, ikhanda elikhanyayo, kanye ne-hematoma encane. Ukutheleleka endaweni yokubhoboza akuvamile. Abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokuvimbela ukugabha kwegazi bayalunywa kalula.

Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kweminwe

Ingozi encane kakhulu ngaphandle kobuhlungu besikhashana esihlokweni somunwe kanye nokulimala okuncane.

Ingozi yomphumela uqobo

Ingozi enkulu ukuqinisekiswa okungekuhle. Ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya okungekuhle kumuntu one-dengue empeleni kungabambezela ukuqashelwa kwezimpawu eziyisixwayiso. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-dengue kanye nokuqapha ama-platelet kubalulekile phakathi nezinyanga zemvula kanye nezinyanga zangemuva kwemvula eNdiya.

Izimo ezikhethekile

ukukhulelwa

I-Chikungunya ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ivame ukuphathwa ngokusekela, kodwa umkhuhlane oseduze nesikhathi sokubeletha ubangela ukukhathazeka ngokudluliselwa kosana olusanda kuzalwa. Amaqembu abakhulelwe kanye nabasanda kuzalwa kufanele aziswe. Ukukhetha umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kumele kuxoxwe nodokotela owelaphayo.

Izinsana nezingane

I-chikungunya esanda kuzalwa ingavela ngendlela engavamile, ngokudla okungekuhle, ukucasuka, ukuqubuka noma umsebenzi onciphile kunokuba kubikwe ubuhlungu bamalunga. Ukuhlolwa nokuchazwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kuyindaba ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile ezinganeni, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kukhula ngokushesha kunabantu abadala.

Abantu abadala abadala

Abantu abadala banamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu zamalunga ezinde futhi basengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokubola kwesifo senhliziyo, sezinso noma samaphaphu esikhona ngesikhathi sokugula okubangelwa umkhuhlane.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-CKD noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo

Umkhuhlane, ukungadli kahle kanye nokushintsha kokugeleza kwegazi kwezinso kungaphazamisa izimo zesikhathi eside. Eminye imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlungwini zamalunga e-chikungunya ayifaneleki ezifweni zezinso noma ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuqeda ubuhlungu efanelekile kuwe kunokuba uzenzele imithi.

Abantu abane-arthritis ekhona kakade

I-Chikungunya ingavuvukala noma ilingise isifo samathambo esivuvukalayo, kanti i-serology ingaba nzima ukuyichaza uma kukhona i-rheumatoid factor. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-rheumatology kuvame ukusiza lapho izimpawu zamalunga ziqhubeka.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chikungunya kumongo waseNdiya

• Ukujikeleza kwegazi kanyekanye kungumthetho, akuyona into ehlukile. Emadolobheni amaningi aseNdiya, ukutheleleka nge-dengue kanye ne-chikungunya kufinyelela phezulu ngemva kwemvula enkulu, futhi ukutheleleka ngakunye kwenzeka. Ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya kuphela kunganikeza isithombe esingaphelele.
• Ukuziphatha kwe-Vector: Aedes Omiyane bazalela emanzini ahlanzekile agciniwe, emathangini aphezulu, kuma-cooler, emathileyi ezitsha zezimbali, kumathayi alahliwe nasezindaweni zokwakha, futhi baluma kakhulu emini. Ukunciphisa izindawo zokuzalela zasekhaya kuyindlela yokulawula esebenzayo.
• Ukubhekwa: I-National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC) ngaphansi koMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nenhlalakahle Yomndeni iqoqa idatha yesifundazwe ye-chikungunya eNdiya; izibalo zonyaka wamanje zishicilelwe kuwebhusayithi ye-NCVBDC.
• Ingozi yokuzelapha: Amaphilisi okudambisa izinhlungu athengwa ngaphandle kwekhawuntara, kanye nezinye izithako zemithi noma zejimu ezithathwa ngesikhathi sokululama, zingabangela ukulimala kwesibindi noma kwezinso. Uma kuhlanganiswa nesifo esibangelwa amagciwane, lokhu kungenza izinto zibe nzima. Tshela udokotela wakho konke okuthathayo.
• Ukutholakala kokuhlolwa: I-IgM ELISA itholakala kabanzi eNdiya, kufaka phakathi amalabhorethri okuqapha aqokiwe; i-RT-PCR inikezwa kakhulu amalabhorethri amakhulu noma abhekisele kuwo futhi ingathunyelwa ngaphandle.

Izindleko kanye nomshuwalense eNdiya

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chikungunya ngokuvamile kuwuphenyo oluqhutshwa ngaphandle kwesibhedlela. Izindleko ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kulo lonke izwe, futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody kuvame ukubiza kancane kune-RT-PCR.

Izici ezithonya intengo:

• Indlela esetshenzisiwe, ikhadi elisheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ELISA uma kuqhathaniswa ne-RT-PCR
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isampula icutshungulwa ngaphakathi endlini noma idluliselwa elabhorethri yokubhekisela
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuyalelwe ngakunye noma njengephaneli yomkhuhlane ene-dengue, umalaleveva kanye nenani legazi
• Idolobha, uhlobo lwesikhungo (uhulumeni, i-trust, uchungechunge lwezinkampani, ilebhu ezimele) kanye nokucutshungulwa okuphuthumayo noma kwangemva kwamahora okusebenza
• Izindleko zokuqoqa ikhaya, uma zikhona

Umshwalense: izivivinyo zokuxilonga iziguli zangaphandle azikhokhelwa ngaphandle kokuthi inqubomgomo ifaka izinzuzo ze-OPD. Uma ungeniswe esibhedlela, uphenyo ngesikhathi sokwamukelwa luvame ukubhekwa njengengxenye yesimangalo sokulaliswa esibhedlela, ngokuya ngemigomo yenqubomgomo. Izikhungo zikahulumeni zivame ukunikeza ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya mahhala noma ngezindleko ezincane ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesifo. Qinisekisa izindleko nelabhorethri kanye nomshuwalense wakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Izinganekwane namaqiniso

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kungaluphi usuku lomkhuhlane okufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya?

Kuncike endleleni. I-RT-PCR inolwazi kakhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala ezimbalwa zezimpawu, ngenkathi igciwane lisesegazini. Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ye-IgM ngokuvamile kuba usizo kusukela cishe osukwini lwesihlanu kuya kwelesikhombisa kuqhubeke. Tshela ilabhorethri usuku lokuqala kwezimpawu zakho ukuze kukhethwe ukuhlolwa okufanele.

Ingabe i-chikungunya kanye ne-dengue kungahlolwa ngesampula yegazi elifanayo?

Yebo. Amalabhorethri avame ukusebenzisa i-dengue NS1 noma i-IgM, i-chikungunya IgM, ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele kanye nokuhlolwa komalaleveva kusukela ekudonsweni okukodwa kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuvame ukuthandwa eNdiya, ngoba izifo ziyahlangana ngokwezokwelapha futhi ukutheleleka kanye kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa okuhlanganyelwe.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwekhadi le-chikungunya okusheshayo kuthembekile?

Amakhadi asheshayo anikeza impendulo esheshayo futhi awusizo ekuhlolweni kokuqala, kodwa ukuzwela kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwamakhithi futhi angaphuthelwa ukutheleleka kusenesikhathi. Ikhadi elibi kumuntu onesithombe somtholampilo esikholisayo ngokuvamile lidinga ukuhlolwa kwelebhu i-ELISA noma i-RT-PCR. Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa kunqunywa udokotela owelaphayo.

Ingabe ngidinga ukuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya?

Cha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chikungunya RT-PCR kanye ne-antibody akudingi ukuzila ukudla. Uma kwenziwa olunye ucwaningo olufana nephrofayili yamafutha noma i-glucose yokuzila ukudla, landela imiyalelo yokuzila ukudla yalezo zivivinyo, bese ubuza udokotela wakho mayelana nesikhathi semithi yakho yesifo sikashukela.

Ubuhlungu bamalunga ami buhlale izinyanga: ingabe ukuhlolwa kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi i-chikungunya iyimbangela?

Hhayi ngokuqinisekile. I-IgG enhle noma i-IgM eqhubekayo ikhombisa ukuvezwa kodwa ayikwazi ukufakazela ukuthi i-chikungunya ibangela izimpawu zanamuhla. Ubuhlungu bamalunga obuhlala isikhathi eside buhlolwa ngokwezokwelapha, ngezinye izikhathi ngokubuyekezwa kwe-rheumatology kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis, kunokuphinda i-chikungunya serology.

Ingabe kufanele ngihlolwe uma ngingenazo izimpawu kodwa othile ekhaya ene-chikungunya?

Ukuhlola ukuthintana okungenazimpawu akuvamile ukusiza, njengoba ngeke kushintshe ukuphathwa futhi i-chikungunya ayisabalali ngqo kumuntu nomuntu. Gxila ekususeni izindawo zokuzalela omiyane ekhaya bese usebenzisa imithi yokuxosha, bese uhlolwa uma kuvela umkhuhlane noma ubuhlungu bamalunga.

Ingabe umphumela omuhle uyakushintsha ukwelashwa?

Ukwelashwa kusasekela: ukuphumula, uketshezi kanye nokuqeda ubuhlungu okukhethwe udokotela wakho. Ukuxilongwa okuqinisekisiwe kusasiza, ngoba kuchaza izimpawu zamalunga ezinde, kunciphisa ukuhlolwa okungadingekile, futhi kushukumisela ukuqapha eduze izinkinga emaqenjini asengozini njengezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nabantu abadala.

Ingabe i-chikungunya ingatholakala ngaphandle kokuhlolwa?

Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwalesi sifo, odokotela bangase baphathe i-chikungunya engenzeka ngokwezokwelapha ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-dengue yabelana ngezici zakuqala futhi inezingozi ezahlukene, ukuhlolwa kanye nenani lama-platelet kuvame ukwelulekwa ukuze kugwenywe ukuphuthelwa yisimo esidinga ukubhekwa eduze.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya kuyadingeka futhi ngemva kokululama?

Ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe njalo ngemva kokululama akudingeki. Ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe noma okwengeziwe kucatshangelwa kuphela uma izimpawu ziqhubeka, zishintsha noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, futhi udokotela olaphayo kudingeka ahlole kabusha ukuxilongwa. Ukulandelela kugxila ezimpawu kanye nokusebenza kwamalunga kunokuba kugxile emazingeni e-antibody.

Imithombo

• I-World Health Organization, ishidi lamaqiniso le-Chikungunya kanye nesiqondiso sokuxilongwa kwelabhorethri
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokulawulwa Kwezifo Ezibangelwa Ama-Vector Borne (NCVBDC), uMnyango Wezempilo Nenhlalakahle Yomndeni, uHulumeni waseNdiya, iziqondiso ze-chikungunya kanye nedatha yokuqapha kahulumeni
• UMkhandlu WaseNdiya Wocwaningo Lwezokwelapha (i-ICMR), iNational Institute of Virology, inethiwekhi yokuhlola ukuxilonga ye-chikungunya
• Izikhungo zase-US Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo, igciwane le-Chikungunya: ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa kokuxilonga
• Umthetho Wezidakamizwa Nemithi Yomlingo (Izikhangiso Ezingaphikiswa), ka-1954, kaHulumeni waseNdiya