I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography): Ukusetshenziswa, Ukulungiselela, Ukuphepha kanye Nalokho Engakubonisa Nengakuboni

Ukuthatha okhiye

• I-CT iyisivivinyo esiqondene nenkinga ethile. Iphrothokholi yokuskena, indawo yomzimba kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuqhathanisa kukhethwa kumbuzo wezokwelapha obuziwe.
• I-CT isebenzisa imisebe ye-ionizing. Umthamo uncike endaweni eskeniwe, inani lezigaba kanye nesithwebuli; izizathu kanye nokwenza ngcono umthamo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni kanye nasekuskeni okuphindaphindiwe.
• I-CT evamile ayisho ukuthi akukho okungahambi kahle. I-CT ingaphuthelwa yisifo esisencane noma esingesona esakhekile, futhi ezinye izimo zidinga i-MRI, i-ultrasound, i-endoscopy noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi esikhundleni salokho.
• Ukuqhathanisa kushintsha lokho okungabonwa yi-CT. Umehluko we-intravenous one-iodine usiza ekuhloleni imithambo yegazi, izimila, ukutheleleka kanye nokuvuvukala, kodwa awusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izifundo futhi unezimfuneko zawo.
• Imithetho yokulungiselela iqondene neyunithi ethile. Izikhathi zokuzila ukudla, izindlela zokuhlukanisa kanye nemiyalelo yokuqokwa ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezibhedlela kanye nezikena, imiyalelo ebhaliwe yeyunithi yakho yezithombe iza kuqala.

Nge-shazi

Obeye aziwe njengo

• I-CT scan, i-computed tomography
• I-CAT scan (i-computerised axial tomography, igama elidala)
• Isisu se-CT, isifuba se-CT, ubuchopho be-CT, i-CT KUB, i-CT angiography (amagama athile esifunda asetshenziswa emithini kadokotela eNdiya)
• "Ukuskena kwedolobha", indlela yokuphimisela evame kakhulu eminyangweni yeziguli zaseNdiya ezingalaliswa esibhedlela
• I-Sonography, i-MRI kanye ne-CT kuyizilingo ezahlukene, yize zontathu zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukuskena" enkulumweni yansuku zonke

Kuyini ukuskena kwe-CT

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-CT, ithubhu le-X-ray lijikeleza umzimba wonke ngenkathi itafula lidlula kuskena. Ikhompyutha iguqula izinkulungwane zezilinganiso zibe izingcezu ezincane, ezingabuyekezwa yi-radiologist kunoma iyiphi indawo futhi, lapho ziwusizo khona, njengezakhiwo ezintsha ezintathu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-X-ray ecacile, i-CT ihlukanisa izakhiwo ezihambisanayo futhi ibonise izicubu ezithambile, amafutha, uketshezi, igazi, amathambo kanye ne-calcification ngemininingwane eminingi kakhulu. Ama-scanner anamuhla athola idatha ngokushesha, okwenza i-CT ibe yigugu lapho isiguli singaphilile, sisezinhlungwini, siphefumula kanzima noma singakwazi ukulala isikhathi eside.

I-CT akuyona into eyodwa yokuhlola. I-CT KUB ye-renal colic okusolwayo, i-CT pulmonary angiogram ye-pulmonary embolism okusolwayo kanye nobuchopho obujwayelekile be-CT bokusolwa kwesifo sohlangothi kusebenzisa izilungiselelo ezahlukene, izinqumo ezahlukene zokuqhathanisa kanye nemithamo ehlukene yemisebe. Ukucela inqubo engalungile kungadala ukuskena okuvamile ngokobuchwepheshe okungaphenduli umbuzo wezokwelapha.

Kungani kwenziwa i-CT scan

• Ukuhlukumezeka: ukuhlolwa kokulimala ekhanda, ukulimala esifubeni nasesiswini, kanye nokopha okusolwayo kwangaphakathi noma ukwaphuka.
• Izimpawu zobuchopho ezibukhali: Ubuchopho obujwayelekile be-CT ngokuvamile buwukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezithombe ku-stroke ebukhali okusolwayo, ikakhulukazi ukuhlonza ukopha nokuqondisa izinqumo zokwelashwa ngokushesha.
• Izinkinga zesifuba: ukuchaza izithunzi zamaphaphu ezibonakala ku-X-ray, ukuhlola isifo samaphaphu esingaphakathi kwe-interstitial, i-pneumonia eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye ne-pulmonary embolism okusolwayo (ngokuphambene).
• Ubuhlungu besisu kanye ne-pelvic: okusolwa ukuthi i-appendicitis, i-diverticulitis, ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, ithumba, izinkinga ze-pancreatitis kanye namatshe omchamo.
• Ukunakekelwa komdlavuza: ukuthola isimila, ukuhlola ukusabalala kwaso, ukuhlela ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nokuqapha impendulo yokwelashwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwemithambo yegazi: I-CT angiography ye-aortic aneurysm noma ukuhlukaniswa kwayo, kanye nesifo semithambo yegazi.
• Isiqondiso senqubo: I-biopsy eqondiswa yi-CT kanye nokukhipha amanzi emaqoqweni.
• Imininingwane yamathambo namalunga: Ukuqhekeka okuyinkimbinkimbi noma okuncane okungacacile ku-X-ray.

Ubani okufanele athole lolu vivinyo

I-CT ifanelekile lapho udokotela owelaphayo enquma ukuthi ulwazi olutholiwe luzoshintsha ukuphathwa, futhi uma umbuzo wezokwelapha uvumelana nezithombe ezisekelwe ku-X-ray. Ngokuvamile, i-CT icatshangelwa:

• Abantu abalimele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ikhanda, isifuba, isisu noma umgogodla.
• Abantu abadala abanobuthakathaka obungazelelwe, ukugoba kobuso, ukukhuluma okungacacile noma ikhanda elibuhlungu elinzima elingazelelwe, lapho kudingeka khona izithombe zobuchopho eziphuthumayo.
• Iziguli ezinobuhlungu besisu obukhulu noma obungachazeki lapho kusolwa khona imbangela yesakhiwo.
• Abantu abadala abanobuhlungu obukhulu ohlangothini olulodwa olubonisa itshe lomchamo, lapho i-CT KUB engenawo umthelela ohlukile ivame ukusetshenziswa kubantu abadala abangakhulelwe.
• Abantu abane-X-ray yesifuba engavamile, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okunezimpawu eziphazamisayo, noma i-pulmonary embolism okusolwayo.
• Iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa komdlavuza ezidinga ukuhlolwa noma ukulandelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ezinqunywe yithimba le-oncology.

I-CT ngokuvamile ayisona isinyathelo sokuqala esifanele: ukuhlolwa okuvamile kumuntu ophilile ngaphandle kwezimpawu noma ukuhlolwa kwengozi; izinkinga eziningi zedolo, ihlombe noma umgogodla ezithambile (i-MRI ngokuvamile ingcono); ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesisu esikhulelwe noma isisu sengane lapho kuvame ukuthandwa khona i-ultrasound; amaqhubu e-thyroid noma amabele; kanye nezimpawu eziningi zenyongo, lapho i-ultrasound ivame ukuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala. Imiphumela iyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zomtholampilo ngazinye.

Lokho i-CT scan engenakukubona noma okungakubandakanyi

I-CT inemininingwane eminingi, kodwa ayiphelele. Ukucaca ngezindawo zayo ezingabonakali kuvimbela isiqinisekiso esingamanga.

• I-CT evamile ayikuvimbeli ukugula. "Akukho okungavamile okutholiwe" kusho ukuthi akukho okungavamile okubonwe kulezo zithombe ngaleyo protocol. Akufani nokuthi "akufakiwe".
• Isifo sohlangothi se-ischemic sokuqala. Ubuchopho obujwayelekile be-CT obuqhutshwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu bungabonakala bujwayelekile ngisho nalapho i-infarct iqala ukukhula. I-CT yenziwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthola ukopha kanye nezinye izinto eziphuthumayo; i-MRI ibucayi kakhulu kuma-infarcts asekuqaleni noma amancane, kanye nokushaywa kwegazi ngemuva.
• Imininingwane yezicubu ezithambile kanye ne-cartilage. I-CT ayisebenzi kahle kakhulu kuma-ligaments, ama-menisci, ama-cartilage, umgogodla, i-bone marrow oedema kanye nezifo eziningi zobuchopho ezimhlophe. I-MRI iyithuluzi elingcono lalezi zifo.
• Isifo samafinyila. I-CT ayithathi indawo ye-endoscopy noma i-colonoscopy. Izilonda zakuqala zesisu, umphimbo noma ulwelwesi lwamathumbu zingase zingabonakali ku-CT.
• Isifo semithambo ye-coronary kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo. I-CT yesifuba ejwayelekile ayihloli imithambo yenhliziyo noma ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. I-CT coronary angiography ezinikele ihlola i-anatomy kanye ne-stenosis kodwa hhayi ukubaluleka kokusebenza kokuncipha; i-calcification enzima noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile kungalimaza ucwaningo. I-CT yesifuba evamile ayikhiphi i-angina.
• Umsebenzi uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo. I-CT ikhombisa ukwakheka komzimba, hhayi ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba. Ukusebenza kwezinso, isibindi noma amaphaphu kudinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo noma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu.
• Izilonda ezincane noma ezisicaba. Izilonda ezingaphansi kwesisombululo sesifundo, noma ngaphandle komehluko wobuningi kusuka ezicutshini ezizungezile, zingase zingabonakali. Izifundo ezingezona ezokungafani ikakhulukazi zingaphuthelwa izilonda ezibonakala kuphela ngemva kokungafani.
• Imbangela yokutholwa. I-CT ingabonisa inqwaba, iqhubu, iqhubu le-lymph noma iqoqo, kodwa ngokuvamile ayikwazi ukusho ukuthi umdlavuza, ukutheleleka, isifo sofuba noma into engengozi. I-biopsy, i-culture noma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuvame ukudingeka.
• Ubuhlungu obungenaso isizathu esakhiwe. Izinkinga eziningi ezivamile, izinkinga zamathumbu angasebenzi kahle, i-migraine, ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha, ubuhlungu be-neuropathic, kanye ne-CT scan evamile.

Uma izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka, ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zishintsha naphezu kombiko we-CT ojwayelekile, buyela kudokotela ocele ukuskenwa. Umphumela ojwayelekile awuqedi ukuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene kodwa okuhlukile

Lezi zivivinyo ziphendula imibuzo ehlukene. Akukho okungcono kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Ukuthi yikuphi okuza kuqala kuncike ekubonakaleni, isibonelo, ubuhlungu besisu esingaphezulu kwesokudla okubonisa ukuthi amatshe enyongo avame ukuqala nge-ultrasound, ikhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli elivame ukuqala ngobuchopho obujwayelekile be-CT, kanti ukukhiya kwamadolo ngemva kokujika ngokuvamile kudinga i-MRI kune-CT.

Ungalungiselela kanjani

Ukulungiselela kuncike ngokuphelele endaweni yomzimba, inqubo kanye nokuthi ngabe ukungafani kuhleliwe yini. Lezi yizindaba zokusebenza ezihlukile phakathi kwezibhedlela kanye nezikena. Landela imiyalelo ebhaliwe noma yomlomo evela eyunithi eqhuba ukuskena kwakho; leyo miyalelo idlula noma yisiphi isiqondiso esijwayelekile lapha.

• Phatha amaphepha akho: ifomu likadokotela noma lesicelo, ukuskena kwangaphambilini kanye nemibiko, kanye nohlu lwemithi yakho yamanje.
• Tshela iyunithi kusenesikhathi uma uke waba nokusabela ngaphambilini ekuqhathanisweni kwe-iodine, unesifo se-asthma, isifo sezinso, isifo se-thyroid, i-myeloma, ukhulelwe noma ucabanga ukuthi ukhulelwe, noma uncelisa.
• Ukuzila ukudla: Ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukungafani kwesisu zihilela isikhathi sokuzila ukudla; ​​ukuskena okuningi okungenakho ukungafani, njengobuchopho obujwayelekile be-CT, akudingi ukuzila nhlobo. Buza iyunithi yakho ukuthi yini esebenza ekuskeni kwakho.
• Umehluko womlomo: Kwezinye izifundo zesisu ungase ucelwe ukuthi uphuze isixazululo sokuhlukanisa phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe ngaphambi kokuskena. Lokhu kwandisa isikhathi sokuqokwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso kwakamuva (i-serum creatinine noma i-eGFR) kungacelwa ngaphambi kokuqhathaniswa kwe-intravenous, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala, abantu abanesifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso noma labo abasebenzisa imithi ethile.
• Izingubo nensimbi: ungase ucelwe ukuthi ugqoke ingubo bese ususa ubucwebe, izikhonkwane zezinwele, izibuko, amazinyo okufakelwa, izinsiza zokuzwa kanye nanoma iyiphi insimbi eduze kwendawo yokuskena.
• Letha othile nawe uma kuhlelwe ukuthi kudliwe umuthi wokudambisa ubuhlungu, noma uma ungaphilile kahle noma ungazinzile.

Uma ukhulelwe noma kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulelwe

Tshela i-radiographer kanye ne-radiologist ngaphambi kokuskena. I-CT ihilela ukushiswa kwemisebe, futhi emibuzweni eminingi ekukhulelweni i-ultrasound noma i-MRI iyathandwa. I-CT ayinqatshelwe ekukhulelweni, ezimweni ezibucayi ezifana nokulimala okukhulu noma ukusoleka kwe-pulmonary embolism kungaba ukuhlolwa okufanele, ngomthamo ogcinwe uphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Isinqumo singesomuntu ngamunye futhi senziwa nodokotela wakho wezifo zabesifazane kanye nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane. Ungalokothi ucabange ukuthi ukuskena kumele kwenqatshwe noma kumele kwenziwe; buza.

Uma uncelisa

I-Iodine CT contrast idlulela obisini lwebele ngamanani amancane kakhulu futhi ayimuncwa kahle amathumbu omntwana. Iningi lesiqondiso lisekela ukuqhubeka nokuncelisa ngemva kwe-Iodine contrast. Qinisekisa nodokotela wakho okwelaphayo kanye neyunithi yezithombe.

Uma unesifo sikashukela

Ungayeki, ungaweqi noma ushintshe noma yimuphi umuthi wesifo sikashukela ngokwakho. Amanye amayunithi anikeza imiyalelo ethile mayelana ne-metformin ezungeze umehluko one-iodine, ikakhulukazi lapho ukusebenza kwezinso kuncipha. Le miyalelo iyahlukahluka ngeyunithi kanye nomsebenzi wezinso zakho, buza udokotela okunikeza imithi noma iyunithi yezithombe. Uma ucelwa ukuba uzile ukudla bese uthatha i-insulin noma i-sulfonylurea, buza ngokuqondile ukuthi ungayiphatha kanjani imithamo yakho nokuthi wenzeni uma ushukela wakho wehla, futhi uphathe umthombo weglucose nawe.

Uma unesifo sezinso

Umehluko ofakwe i-iodine emithanjeni udinga ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso. Kubantu abanomsebenzi wezinso oncishisiwe kakhulu, ithimba lingakhetha inqubo engasebenzisi ukungafani, ukuhlolwa okunye, ivolumu yokungafani encishisiwe, noma ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphuza amanzi. Uma usebenzisa i-dialysis, tshela iyunithi, ukuhlela kungase kuhambisane nezikhathi zakho ze-dialysis.

Uma unenhliziyo engasebenzi kahle noma uketshezi oluningi oludingekayo

Noma yimuphi umyalelo wokuphuza uketshezi noma ukungafani koketshezi olusetshenziswa ngomlomo udinga ukuhlolwa ngokumelene nomkhawulo wakho woketshezi. Tshela iyunithi yezithombe kanye nodokotela wakho okwelaphayo ukuze kulungiswe ivolumu kanye nohlelo loketshezi olusetshenziswayo.

Izingane

I-CT ezinganeni yenziwa kuphela uma ulwazi ludingeka ngempela, ngezinqubo zokunciphisa umthamo wezingane. I-Ultrasound noma i-MRI iyathandwa lapho ingaphendula khona umbuzo. Ukubulala izinzwa noma i-anesthesia ejwayelekile kusetshenziswa kuphela uma ingane ingakwazi ukuhlala ithule futhi ezinye izindlela eziphephile azifaneleki; uma isetshenziswa, idinga ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubulala izinzwa, imiyalelo yokuzila ukudla, ukuqapha kanye nesikhathi sokululama. Ukuphazamiseka, ukuba khona komzali kanye nencazelo ecophelelayo kuvame ukugwema ukubulala izinzwa, njengoba izikhathi zangempela zokuskena zivame ukuba zifushane kakhulu.

Abantu abadala abadala

Ukulala phansi, ukubamba umoya kanye nokudluliselwa etafuleni nangaphandle kwalo kungaba nzima. Tshela abasebenzi ngobunzima bokuzwa, ukuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ukuthuthumela noma ukudideka ukuze kuhlelwe usizo olwengeziwe. Ukusebenza kwezinso kuvame ukuncipha ngokuguga, okuthinta izinqumo zokungafani.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-CT

• Ukungena kanye nemvume: ubuwena bakho, indawo eceliwe kanye nomlando wakho kuyaqinisekiswa. Uma kuhlelwe ukuqhathanisa, umlando wokungezwani komzimba, ukusebenza kwezinso kanye nemithi kuyabuyekezwa.
• I-Cannula: Ezifundweni zokuqhathanisa, i-cannula encane ifakwa emthanjeni, ngokuvamile engalweni.
• Isikhundla: Ulala etafuleni, ngokuvamile ngomhlane. Izintambo noma izisekelo zingasetshenziswa ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale unganyakazi.
• Iyaskena: itafula lihamba ngendandatho evulekile. Isikena senza imisindo ejikelezayo. Ungase uzwe imiyalelo eqoshiwe yokuphefumula nokugcina umoya wakho.
• Umjovo wokuqhathanisa: Uma kunikezwa umehluko, abantu abaningi bazizwa befudumele, benambitheka njengensimbi, noma benomuzwa wokukhipha umchamo. Le mizwa idlula ngemizuzwana. Tshela abasebenzi ngokushesha uma uzizwa ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma izindebe, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuphefumula, isicanucanu esingazelelwe, noma ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo.
• Ukuqaphela: ngemva kokungafani, ungase ucelwe ukuba ulinde isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba i-cannula isuswe.

Ithatha isikhathi esingakanani inqubo

• Ukuskena kwangempela: Ezifundweni eziningi zesifunda esisodwa, ukutholwa kwe-X-ray ngokwayo kuthatha imizuzwana kuya ngaphansi komzuzu.
• Ukuskena okuphelele, okungenakho ukungafani: ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe imizuzu eyi-10-20, okuhlanganisa ukushintsha, ukubeka indawo kanye nokuhlola.
• I-aphoyintimenti ephelele, ukuskena okuphambene: ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-30-45, okuvumela ukuthululwa, isikhathi somjovo, izigaba eziningi kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokubuka.
• Izinqubo zokuqhathanisa ngomlomo: ingangeza ihora noma ngaphezulu, njengoba ikhambi lithathwa ngezigaba ngaphambi kokuskena.
• I-biopsy noma i-drainage eqondiswa yi-CT: isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokuvamile ihora noma ngaphezulu, kanye nokululama nokubuka.
• Izingane ezilaliswe ubuthongo noma ezithotshiswe umuthi wokubulala izinzwa: ukuskena kuhlala kufushane, kodwa ukuvakasha okuphelele kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa, ukudambisa ubuhlungu kanye nesikhathi sokululama.

Izikhathi zokulinda ngosuku kanye nombiko wokuphendula ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezikhungo futhi kuncike ekutheni ukuskena kuyaphuthuma, kungelashwa esibhedlela noma kuyinto evamile. Buza iyunithi yakho ukuthi uzowuthola nini futhi kanjani umbiko nezithombe.

Ukuqonda umbiko wakho we-CT

Umbiko we-CT ngokuvamile unesigaba sobuchwepheshe (isifunda esiskeniwe, kusetshenziswe ukuqhathanisa), isigaba sokutholakele esichaza isitho ngasinye noma isakhiwo, kanye nombono noma isiphetho esifingqa incazelo kadokotela we-radiation kanye nanoma yiziphi izincomo.

• Umbono ubaluleke kakhulu: kodwa ibhalelwe udokotela odluliselayo, ngokomongo wolwazi lwezokwelapha olunikezwe efomini lesicelo.
• "Ukutholwa okungazelelwe" kusho ukuthi kukhona okubonwe okungahlobene nesizathu sokuskena. Okutholakele okuningi okungalindelekile, njenge-cyst elula yezinso, izilonda ezincane zesibindi ezingavimbeli kanye namatshe amancane angavimbeli, akudingi ukwelashwa. Okunye kudinga izithombe zokulandelela.
• Imisho echazayo ayizona izifo. "Isilonda se-Hypodense", "ukungacaci kwengilazi engaphansi komhlaba", "ukugoba kwamafutha" noma "i-lymph node evelele" kuchaza ukubonakala. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa ukubonakala nezimpawu, ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlolwa.
• Ukulinganisa usayizi kunemingcele yamaphutha. Amamilimitha ambalwa oshintsho olubonakalayo phakathi kokuskena angabonisa ukuhlukahluka kokulinganisa noma ubuchwepheshe kunokukhula kwangempela, yingakho izikhawu zokulandelela zikhethwa ngokucophelela.
• Ukuqhathaniswa nokuskena okudala kubalulekile. Thatha izithombe zangaphambilini; ukuzinza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuvame ukuqinisa kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi ukubukeka okukodwa.
• Ungazichazi. Umbiko we-CT kufanele ufundwe nodokotela owucelile. Lowo dokotela unquma ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngokulandelayo, uma ikhona.

Uma imiphumela ye-CT ingadukisa

Okutholakele okungase kuphakanyiswe ngamanga noma kuqiswe

• Ukunyakaza nokuphefumula kwezinto zobuciko kungadala ukufiphala okulingisa isilonda, ukuqhekeka kwe-flap noma isifo samaphaphu.
• Izinto zobuciko zensimbi nezamazinyo kusukela ekufakweni kwezitho zokufakelwa, izitho zokufakelwa, iziqeshana zokuhlinzwa, ama-coil noma umsebenzi wamazinyo kudala imicu efihla noma esikisela ngokungeyikho ukukhubazeka.
• Ukuqinisa imisebe kanye nezinto zobuciko zemigqa eduze kwethambo, ikakhulukazi esisekelweni sogebhezi kanye ne-posterior fossa, kungafana noma kufihle izilonda zobuchopho.
• Amaphutha okushintsha isikhathi kungenza imithambo yegazi evamile ibukeke ingajwayelekile noma kwenze izicubu ezijwayelekile zibukeke zithuthukisiwe noma zingathuthukisiwe ngokwanele.
• Ukubonakala okuhle kuphambaniswe nesifo esibi: Amaphaphu awile kodwa aphilile, izinguquko zamaphaphu ezixhomeke kuwo ngenxa yokulala phansi, isinyi esigcwele, umthwalo wendle, noma ama-lymph node asabelayo konke kungahunyushwa ngokweqile.

Okutholakele okungase kungabikho noma kungachazwanga kahle

• Ukuskena kusenesikhathi kakhulu ekuguleni: i-infarct yokuqala, i-appendicitis yokuqala, i-osteomyelitis yokuqala noma ukuvuvukala kokuqala kungenzeka kungabonisi izinguquko ze-CT okwamanje.
• Akukho ukuqhathanisa lapho kudingeka ukuqhathanisa: ezinye izimila, amathumba kanye nezilonda zemithambo yegazi azibonakali kahle ku-CT engeyona i-contrast.
• Iphrothokholi noma isifunda esingalungile: Ucwaningo oluhlanganisa ukwakheka komzimba okungalungile, noma ngaphandle kwesigaba esidingekayo, lungabuya "lujwayelekile" ngenkathi luphuthelwa inkinga.
• Amafutha amancane azungezile kubantu abancane kanye nasezinganeni kunciphisa umehluko wemvelo phakathi kwezakhiwo, okwenza kube nzima ukubona okutholakele okucashile.
• Impilo yomzimba omkhulu kwandisa umsindo wesithombe futhi kunganciphisa ukuzethemba kokuxilonga.
• Isilinganiso sevolumu Ezingcezu ezijiyile zingafihla izilonda ezincane kakhulu.

Zombili izindlela zephutha ziyizizathu zokugcina isithombe sezokwelapha siphakathi nendawo. Uma ukuskena kanye nezimpawu kungafani, izimpawu kusadingeka zichazwe.

Izingozi nokuphepha

Izifundo ezahlukene ze-CT zinemininingwane ehlukene yezingozi. Ubuchopho obujwayelekile be-CT, i-CT yesisu ethuthukisiwe kanye ne-CT-guided lung biopsy azilingani ngengozi, futhi akufanele zichazwe ngesitatimende esisodwa sokuphepha.

Umswakama

I-CT isebenzisa imisebe ye-ionizing, futhi umthamo uphakeme kune-X-ray ecacile yesifunda esifanayo. Umthamo uncike engxenyeni yomzimba, inani lezigaba, iskena kanye nephrothokholi esetshenzisiwe. Kumuntu omdala oskeniwe ngesizathu esicacile sezokwelapha, inzuzo yolwazi lokuxilonga ivame ukwedlula ingozi encane yesikhathi eside ecatshangelwayo. Ukukhathazeka kuyanda ngokuskena okuphindaphindiwe, ngokuskena ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha, kanye nokuskena okwakungadingeki ngokwezokwelapha. Izinyathelo ezinengqondo ongazithatha: gcina amakhophi okuskena kwakho ukuze izifundo zingaphindaphindwa ngokungadingekile, bese ubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi ukuskena kuzoshintsha ini.

I-CT engekho umehluko

I-CT engadingi ukuhlukaniswa ayidingi umjovo. Ngaphandle kokuchayeka emisebeni, izinkinga eziyinhloko ziwukusebenza, ukungakhululeki endaweni kanye nesidingo sokulala unganyakazi.

Umehluko ofakwe i-iodine ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi

• Imiphumela evamile, emincane: ukufudumala, ukusha, ukunambitheka kwensimbi, isicanucanu esifushane.
• Ukusabela kohlobo lokungezwani komzimba kusukela ekulumeni kanye nokuqunjelwa kuya ekuphenduleni okubi kakhulu okuthinta ukuphefumula kanye nomfutho wegazi. Amayunithi okuthwebula izithombe ahlonyiswe futhi anabasebenzi bokuphatha lokhu, yingakho ubhekwa ngemva kokujova.
• Ukweqisa: Ukuvuza okuphambene kwezicubu ezizungeze umthambo kubangela ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala; tshela abasebenzi ngokushesha uma uzizwa lokhu.
• Imiphumela yezinso: Ukulimala kwezinso okuhlobene nokungafani akuvamile kubantu abanomsebenzi ojwayelekile wezinso, kodwa ingozi icatshangelwa ekusebenzeni kwezinso okunciphile, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nemithi ethile.
• Indlala yegilo: Umehluko oqukethe i-iodine ungathinta ukusebenza kwe-thyroid kubantu abasengozini; khuluma ngesifo se-thyroid esaziwayo.

Umehluko womlomo nowe-rectal

Ngokuvamile kubekezelelwa kahle. Kungabangela isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa noma indle ekhululekile. Umehluko we-rectal ubangela ukungakhululeki kwesikhashana kanye nomuzwa wokugcwala.

Ukupholisa kanye nokubulala izinzwa

Kusetshenziswa kuphela uma kudingeka, ngokuvamile ezinganeni ezincane noma kubantu abangakwazi ukuhlala bethule. Izingozi zihlobene nokuphefumula kanye nokuphefumula, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili, ukuzila ukudla, ukuqapha kanye nendawo yokululama kuyadingeka.

Izinqubo eziqondiswa yi-CT

Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kanye nokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni kuthwala izingozi ezengeziwe ezifaka phakathi ukopha, ukutheleleka, ubuhlungu kanye, nge-biopsy yamaphaphu, i-pneumothorax. Lezi zinqubo zihilela imvume ehlukile kanye nohlelo oluthile lokunakekelwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa. Imiphumela iyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zomtholampilo ngazinye.

Izimo ezikhethekile

ukukhulelwa

I-Ultrasound kanye ne-MRI ngokuvamile kuyathandwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma i-CT idingeka ngokwezokwelapha, yenziwa ngomthamo ophansi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi nethimba lokubeletha elihilelekile. Kumatshe okusolwa ukuthi awekho emchameni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-ultrasound iwukuhlolwa kokuqala okuvamile kune-CT KUB. Njalo yazisa abasebenzi uma kungenzeka ukukhulelwa.

Izingane kanye nentsha

I-CT yezingane isebenzisa izinqubo zomthamo ophansi ezivumelaniswe nesisindo nosayizi futhi ikhawulelwe ezimweni lapho izoshintsha khona ukuphathwa. Ku-appendicitis okusolwayo ezinganeni, i-ultrasound ivame ukuba yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthwebula izithombe kumayunithi amaningi, i-CT noma i-MRI igcinelwe amacala angaphelele.

Isifo sikashukela ekwelashweni kokwehlisa ushukela

Imiyalelo yokuzila ukudla kanye nezeluleko ezihlobene ne-metformin kokubili kudinga ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso. Khuluma nodokotela ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini. Phatha imithi yakho evamile kanye nomthombo we-glucose uye esimisweni.

Isifo sezinso ezingapheli

Umsebenzi wezinso unquma ukuthi kusetshenziswa ukungafani kwemithambo yegazi, ngevolumu engakanani, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha. Ezinye izindlela ezifana ne-ultrasound, i-MRI noma iphrothokholi ye-CT engalingani zivame ukutholakala. Iziguli ze-Dialysis zidinga ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlela.

Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo

Ukulala phansi kungase kube kubi kakhulu ekuphefumuleni; tshela abasebenzi ukuze kuhlelwe indawo kanye nesikhathi. Umthamo wamanzi kanye nomthamo wokwehluka koketshezi ngomlomo kumele kuhlonishwe noma yikuphi ukulinganiselwa koketshezi.

I-Claustrophobia kanye nokukhathazeka

I-CT scanner iyindandatho emfushane, evulekile kunokuba ibe umhubhe omude, futhi izikhathi zokuskena zimfushane, ngakho-ke i-CT ngokuvamile ibekezelelwa kangcono kune-MRI ngabantu abane-claustrophobia. Tshela abasebenzi kusenesikhathi uma ukhathazekile.

Ukusabela kokuqhathanisa okwaziwayo kwangaphambilini

Tshela iyunithi kusenesikhathi. Kuye ngohlobo kanye nobukhali bokusabela kwasekuqaleni, ithimba lingasebenzisa inqubo engahambisani nomehluko, likhethe ukuhlolwa okuhlukile, lisebenzise i-ejenti ehlukile yokungafani, noma lihlele ukwelashwa kwangaphambili ngokuqapha.

Ukuskena kwe-CT ngokomongo waseNdiya

• Itemu: Imithi kadokotela ivame ukufundeka kanje “CT brain plain”, “CECT abdominal” (i-CT ethuthukisiwe ngokuqhathanisa), “CT KUB” noma “HRCT chest”. Igama elithi “CECT” lisho ukuthi kwasetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa. Iziguli zivame ukuthi “city scan”, futhi zingasebenzisa igama elithi “scan” ngokushintshana kwe-CT, i-MRI kanye ne-sonography, okuchaza ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuye kwanconywa.
• Isifo sofuba: I-TB ivame eNdiya futhi ingadala amaqhubu emaphashini, izimbobo, ukuqina, amaqhubu e-lymph akhuphukile, izinguquko zesisu nomgogodla ezihambisana eduze nomdlavuza nezinye izifo ku-CT. I-CT yodwa ivame ukungahlukanisi i-TB nomdlavuza; ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela, ukuhlolwa kwama-molecule, ukusampula kwezicubu kanye nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo ngokuvamile kuyadingeka.
• Ukuzithumela wena kanye nokuthatha izithombe ngokuphindaphindiwe: I-CT yokungena ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ivamile. Lokhu kungasho imisebe engadingekile, ukukhathazeka okungadingekile ngemiphumela engemihle, kanye nokuskena okuphindwe kabili. I-CT iwusizo kakhulu uma udokotela eqale wabuza umbuzo.
• Thatha izithombe zakho zangaphambilini. Ukugcina amafilimu, ama-CD noma amakhophi edijithali ezikrini zangaphambilini kuvame ukugwema ukuskena okuphindaphindiwe futhi kusiza ekuhloleni ukuthi okutholakele kusha yini.
• Umthetho we-PC-PNDT, 1994: Lo mthetho ulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuxilonga ukuze kunqunywe ucansi ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ukunqunywa kocansi kombungu akuvumelekile eNdiya. Nakuba lo Mthetho uvame ukuxoxwa ngawo maqondana ne-ultrasound, akukho ukuhlolwa kwezithombe okungasetshenziswa ekunqumeni ubulili bombungu, futhi izikhungo ezibhalisiwe zisebenza ngaphansi kwezidingo eziqinile zemibhalo.
• Ukulawulwa kwemisebe: Ukufakwa kwe-CT eNdiya kusebenza ngaphansi kwezidingo zokuphepha kwemisebe eziqondiswa yiBhodi Yokulawula Amandla E-Atomic, okuhlanganisa nokubhaliswa kwemishini kanye nemigomo yokusebenza ngokuphepha.
• Ubumfihlo bedatha: izithombe zakho zokuskena kanye nemibiko kuyidatha yezempilo yomuntu siqu. Ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Yomuntu Siqu Yedijithali, ka-2023, izikhungo ezisingatha idatha yakho zinezibopho ezichaziwe maqondana nemvume nokusetshenziswa.
• Ukufinyelela: Ukutholakala kwezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-CT coronary angiography, i-dual-energy CT noma ukungenelela okuqondiswa yi-CT kuyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamadolobha, izifunda kanye nezikhungo ngazinye.

Izindleko kanye nomshuwalense eNdiya

Amanani e-CT eNdiya ayahlukahluka kakhulu futhi akukho silinganiso esisodwa sikazwelonke. Esikhundleni sokucaphuna isibalo, kungcono ukuqonda ukuthi yini eqhuba intengo.

• Isifunda somzimba kanye nenani lezifunda i-scan, i-CT yesifunda esisodwa ibiza kancane kunesifundo sesifunda esiningi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kokungafani: izifundo ezithuthukisiwe ngokuqhathanisa kanye nezigaba eziningi zibiza kakhulu kunokuskena okungekhona ukuqhathanisa ngenxa ye-ejenti, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe.
• Ubunzima bephrothokholi: I-CT angiography, i-CT coronary angiography, i-dual-energy CT, i-CT enterography kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-3D kubiza kakhulu kunezifundo ezivamile.
• Ukwenziwa kweskena: inani eliphezulu lezingcezu kanye nezikena ezintsha zivame ukuba nentengo ehlukile.
• Setting: izikhungo zikahulumeni nezixhaswe ngemali, izikhungo zokuxilonga ezizimele, kanye nezibhedlela zezinkampani zihlukile kakhulu. Amanani eziguli ezilaliswayo ahlukile kunamanani eziguli ezilaliswa ngaphandle.
• Idolobha nendawoAmanani e-metro ngokuvamile ahlukile emadolobheni amancane.
• Ukuphuthuma kanye nesikhathi: izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, zangemuva kwamahora okusebenza kanye nemibiko yosuku olufanayo zingase zibize ezinye izindleko.
• Izengezo: ukudambisa noma ukubulala izinzwa, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngaphambi kokuskena, ama-cannula nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, amakhophi efilimu noma ama-CD, kanye nokubika kodokotela be-radiology noma izimali zombono wesibili.
• Ukungenelela