Abafundi abahlukunyeziwe

Ukuqonda Abafundi Abaxubile: Izimbangela, Ukuxilongwa, kanye Nokwelashwa

Uma abafundi bakho benwetshiwe (bakhudlwana kunokuvamile), kungaba uphawu lwesimo esicashile noma ukusabela kwesikhashana ezicini ezithile. Abafundi abanwetshiwe bangenzeka ngokuphendula ukukhanya, imizwa, imithi, noma izimo zemizwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izimbangela zokunwebeka kwabafundi, nini ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha, nokuthi lesi sibonakaliso sitholakala kanjani futhi selashwe kanjani. Ukuqonda lesi simo kubalulekile ukuze kuqashelwe uma kuwukuthi ukusabela okungenangozi nalapho kungase kudinge ukungenelela kochwepheshe bezokwelapha.

Isingeniso

Abafundi, izimbobo ezimnyama eziyindilinga phakathi kwamehlo enu, zingashintsha usayizi ngokuphendula izisusa ezihlukahlukene. Zinweba (zikhulise) ekukhanyeni okuphansi ukuze zivumele ukukhanya okwengeziwe futhi zifinyeze (zifinyeze) lapho zivezwe ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho abafundi benwebeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala, kungaba uphawu lokuthile okungathí sina. Abafundi abaxubile, abaziwa nangokuthi i-mydriasis, bangenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, ezinye zazo ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukuqonda izimbangela ezingase zibe khona, izimpawu ezihambisanayo, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha zabafundi abanwebekayo kubalulekile empilweni yakho yonke kanye nempilo enhle.

Izimbangela Zokunwebeka Kwabafundi

1. Izimo Zokukhanya Eziphansi

Esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokunwebeka kwabafundi ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni okuphansi. Ezindaweni ezimnyama, abafundi bayakhula ngokwemvelo ukuze bavumele ukukhanya okwengeziwe, bakusize ubone kangcono. Lokhu ukusabela okuvamile futhi kwesikhashana.

2. Izimpendulo Zemizwelo

Ukusabela okunamandla kwemizwelo, njengokujabula, ukwesaba, noma ukuvusa inkanuko, kungase kubangele ukunwebeka kwabafundi. Lokhu kuyingxenye yempendulo yomzimba "yokulwa noma yokundiza", lapho isimiso sezinzwa esinozwela sisebenza khona.

3. Imithi

Imithi ethile ingabangela ukunwebeka kwabafundi njengomphumela omubi. Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-atropine, ama-antihistamine, ama-decongestants, namanye ama-antidepressants angathinta imisipha elawula usayizi womfundi. Ukwengeza, izidakamizwa zokungcebeleka ezifana ne-ecstasy, i-cocaine, nensangu nazo zaziwa ngokudala ukunwebeka komfundi.

4. Ukulimala Ekhanda

Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukulimala kobuchopho noma amehlo, kungaholela ekuvulekeni kwabafundi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwe-brainstem noma i-optic nerve, okuholela ekuphenduleni komfundi okungavamile. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uke wahlukumezeka ekhanda.

5. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo

Izimo ze-neurological, ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, ukopha ebuchosheni, noma isimila, zingabangela abafundi abanwebekayo njengophawu lokukhuphuka kwengcindezi ye-intracranial noma ukulimala ezindaweni zobuchopho ezinesibopho sokulawula umfundi.

6. I-glaucoma

I-acute angle-losure glaucoma ingabangela ukunwebeka komfundi ngokushesha futhi okunzima. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso ikhula ngokuzumayo, okungalimaza i-optic nerve futhi kuthinte umbono. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

7. Ubuthi noma Ukuchayeka kobuthi

Ukuchayeka kubuthi, njenge-carbon monoxide noma amakhemikhali athile, nakho kungabangela ukunwebeka komfundi. Ukungenisa ubuthi noma ukuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi njengama-nerve agents kungaholela ku-mydriasis, okungaba yingozi empilweni uma kungelashwanga ngokushesha.

8. Izimo Zokuzalwa

Abanye abantu kungenzeka ukuthi ngokwemvelo abafundi bavuleke ngenxa yezimo zofuzo noma ukungahambi kahle. Lokhu kungase kungabonisi inkinga yezempilo kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze kukhishwe noma yiziphi izimo ezikhona.

Izimpawu Ezihambisanayo

Nakuba abafundi abanwetshiwe ngokuvamile bengenangozi, ngezinye izikhathi bangahambisana nezinye izimpawu ezingase zibonise isimo esibucayi kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu ezihambisanayo zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle: Uma abafundi bakho abanwebekayo behambisana nobuhlungu beso, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma ukungaboni kahle, kungase kubonise inkinga yezokwelapha njenge-glaucoma noma ukulimala kwengqondo.
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza: Lezi zimpawu zingase ziphakamise inkinga yemizwa noma ubuthi, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa nabafundi abanwetshiwe.
• Izinguquko zombono: Noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingazelelwe embonweni, njengokungaboni kahle noma ukulahlekelwa ukubona, kuhlanganiswe nabafundi abanwebekayo, kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathi sína.
• Ukudideka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi: Uma uhlangabezana nokudideka, isiyezi, noma ukuquleka kanye nabafundi abavuleke, lokhu kungakhomba isimo sezempilo esinzima esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.

Kufanele Ufune Nini Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo kanye nabafundi abanwebekayo, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Ukulimala kwekhanda noma ukulimala: Uma usanda kuthola ukulimala ekhanda noma ukuhlukumezeka futhi abafundi bakho banwetshiwe, lokhu kungase kubonise ukulimala kwengqondo futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu noma ubuhlungu beso: Ikhanda elibuhlungu kungazelelwe, ikakhulukazi elinobuhlungu beso, lingabonisa isimo esibucayi njenge-glaucoma noma isifo samehlo.
• Ukubona okufiphele: Izinkinga zokubona ezihlanganiswe nabafundi abanwetshiwe kufanele zihlolwe ukuze kukhishwe izimo ezimbi zamehlo noma izinkinga zezinzwa.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba: Uma abafundi abanwetshiwe behambisana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ezinye izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma unhlangothi, biza usizo oluphuthumayo.

Ukuxilongwa Kwabafundi Abahlazekile

Uma uvakashela uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo onabafundi abanwetshiwe, ngokuvamile bazokwenza uchungechunge lokuhlola ukuze bathole imbangela. Lezi zivivinyo zingabandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzohlola usayizi womfundi wakho, ukusebenza kabusha ekukhanyeni, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimpendulo zemizwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kuzohlola izimpawu ze-glaucoma, ukulimala kwe-optic nerve, noma ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nombono.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa: Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe izimpawu zokulimala kobuchopho, unhlangothi, noma okunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingabe ubuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, noma ukutheleleka kuyimbangela yabafundi abanwebekayo.
• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa: Ama-CT scan noma ama-MRIs angase asetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukungahambi kahle kobuchopho, njengezimila noma ukopha, okungase kubangele uphawu.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Kwabafundi Abaxubile

Ukwelashwa kwabafundi abanwebekayo kuya ngembangela ewumsuka. Izinketho zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

1. Ukulungiswa Kwemithi

Uma abafundi bakho abanwebekayo bebangelwa imithi noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa, udokotela wakho angase alungise umthamo wakho noma aphakamise ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

2. Ukwelapha Izimo Eziyisisekelo

Uma ukunwetshwa kubangelwa isimo esifana ne-glaucoma noma isifo sezinzwa, udokotela wakho uzogxila ekwelapheni leso simo ngemithi, ukuhlinzwa, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha njengoba kudingeka.

3. Ukwelashwa Okuphuthumayo Kobuthi

Ukuze uthole ubuthi noma ubuthi, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kuyadingeka. Ukwelashwa kungase kuhilele ukunikeza ama-antidotes noma ukusebenzisa imithi ukuze kukhishwe ubuthi emzimbeni.

4. Ukuqapha kanye Nokuvuselela

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuqapha kanye nokubhekana nembangela yokunwebeka komfundi kubalulekile. Izindlela zokwelapha zokuvuselela zingasetshenziswa uma izimo zemizwa zikhona.

Izinganekwane Namaqiniso

Inganekwane: Abafundi abanwebekayo bahlale bekhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Iqiniso: Nakuba imithi ethile ingabangela ukunwebeka komfundi, ingase futhi ibangelwe ezinye izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukumezeka, ukutheleleka, nezimo zemizwa.

Inganekwane: Uma abafundi bakho benwebeka ebumnyameni, unenkinga yamehlo.

Iqiniso: Ukunwebeka komfundi ekukhanyeni okuphansi kuwukusabela okuvamile ebumnyameni futhi akubonisi inkinga yamehlo ngaphandle kwalapho ephikelelayo noma ehambisana nezinye izimpawu.

Izinkinga Zabafundi Abaxubile

Uma abafundi abanwetshiwe benganakwa noma bengelashwa, kungase kuphakame izinkinga, ikakhulukazi uma imbangela eyisisekelo ingalungiswa. Lezi zinkinga zingabandakanya:

• Ukulimala kokubona unomphela: Izimo ezifana ne-glaucoma zingabangela umonakalo unomphela ku-optic nerve uma zingelashwa ngesikhathi.
• Ukulimala kwengqondo: Izimo ze-neurological ezibangela ukunwebeka kwabafundi zingaholela ekulimaleni okwengeziwe kobuchopho uma zingelashwa.
• Ukwanda kwengozi yezingozi: Ukungaboni kahle ngenxa yokunwebeka kwabafundi kungandisa ingozi yokuwa nezingozi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukukhathazeka kungabangela ukunwebeka kwabafundi?

Yebo, ukukhathazeka nokusabela okunamandla ngokomzwelo kungase kubangele ukwanda kwabafundi njengengxenye yokusabela kokucindezeleka komzimba, okwenza kusebenze isimiso sezinzwa esinozwela.

2. Ingabe abafundi abanwebekayo bangabonisa isimila ebuchosheni?

Kwezinye izimo, ukunwebeka kwabafundi kungaba uphawu lokukhuphuka kwengcindezi ye-intracranial ebangelwa isimila sobuchopho. Uma kukhona ezinye izimpawu, ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu noma ukushintsha umbono, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha.

3. Ingabe abafundi abanwebekayo bawuphawu lwesimo esibucayi sempilo?

Nakuba abafundi abanwetshiwe kungaba impendulo evamile ekukhanyeni noma emizweni, ukunwebeka komfundi okuphikelelayo noma okungachazeki kungabonisa izimo zezempilo ezibucayi, ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa, i-glaucoma, noma ubuthi. Uma abafundi abanwetshiwe behambisana nezinye izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, izinkinga zokubona, noma ubuhlungu besifuba, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

4. Odokotela bayihlola kanjani imbangela yabafundi abahlaza?

Odokotela ngokuvamile benza ukuhlola ngokomzimba nangokobuchopho, bahlole usayizi womfundi kanye nokusabela ekukhanyeni, futhi bangase ba-ode ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, okufana nokuhlolwa kwegazi, imaging (i-MRI noma i-CT scan), kanye nokuhlolwa kwamehlo ukuze kutholakale imbangela ewumsuka.

5. Ingabe abafundi abanwetshiwe bangelashwa ekhaya?

Ukwelashwa kwabafundi abanwebekayo kuya ngembangela ewumsuka. Uma kuhlobene nomuthi noma umuthi, kufanele uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nokulungisa ukwelashwa kwakho. Kwezinye izimbangela, njengokuhlukumezeka noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokuvamile kuyadingeka.

6. Ingabe ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka kungabangela ukunwebeka kwabafundi?

Yebo, ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kungabangela ukunwebeka kwabafundi njengengxenye yempendulo yomzimba "yokulwa noma yokundiza". Lokhu ukusabela kwesikhashana futhi kufanele kuxazululwe uma isigcindezeli sesisusiwe. Uma ukukhathazeka kuvame noma kunamandla, ukukhuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu.

7. Ingabe abafundi abanwebekayo bawuphawu oluvamile lokusebenzisa izidakamizwa?

Yebo, izidakamizwa ezithile, njengezikhuthazi (i-cocaine, ama-amphetamine) nama-hallucinogens (LSD), zingadala ukunwebeka kwabafundi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo nezici zingabangela ukunwebeka komfundi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola zonke izimpawu nezimo.

8. Yiziphi izingozi zabafundi abanwebekayo uma bengelashwa?

Uma abafundi abanwetshiwe bewuphawu lwesimo esibucayi njenge-glaucoma noma ukulimala kwengqondo, ukuziba inkinga kungaholela emiphumeleni enzima, njengokulahlekelwa ukubona unomphela, ukulimala kwezinzwa, noma izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kunconywa kubafundi abavuleke abangachazwanga.

9. Ingabe zikhona izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezingasiza kubafundi abanwebekayo?

Ezimweni lapho abafundi abanwebekayo behlobene nengcindezi noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukubhekana nezici eziyisisekelo zokuphila—njengokulawula ukucindezeleka, ukugwema izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa, nokugcina imikhuba enempilo—kungasiza ukunciphisa ukwenzeka. Ngezizathu ezingathi sína kakhulu, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zizoncika ekuxilongweni nasekwelashweni okunqunywe umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

10. Ngingakwazi yini ukuvimbela abafundi abanwebekayo ukuthi bangenzeki?

Ukuvimbela abafundi abanwebekayo kuncike kumbangela ewumsuka. Uma kuhlobene nezici zemvelo, njengokukhanya okuphansi noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, ukuphatha lezi zici kunganciphisa ukuvuleka. Kodwa-ke, uma kubangelwa isimo sezempilo, kufanele kugxilwe ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa okufanele, kanye nokuphathwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga.

Isiphetho

Abafundi abanwetshiwe bangaba ukusabela okuvamile ezisusa ezihlukahlukene, njengokukhanya okuphansi noma ukusabela kwemizwa. Kodwa-ke, uma abafundi bakho behlala benwetshiwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo noma uma bephelezelwa ezinye izimpawu eziphathelene nezimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile ukuze kubhekwane nanoma yiziphi izimo eziwumsuka nokuvimbela izinkinga ezingase zibe khona. Hlala uthintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma ungenaso isiqiniseko ngembangela yabafundi abanwebekayo noma uma izimpawu ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.