I-Methyldopa - Ukusetshenziswa, Isilinganiso, Imiphumela Engemihle Nokunye

Isingeniso: Kuyini iMethyldopa?

I-Methyldopa umuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme). Ingowesigaba semithi eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-agonists e-alpha2 adrenergic asebenza phakathi nendawo. I-Methyldopa ivame ukunikezwa uma eminye imithi yokunciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme ingasebenzi noma ingasebenzi kahle esigulini. Ibilokhu iyinto ebalulekile ekuphathweni komfutho wegazi ophakeme amashumi eminyaka, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngenxa yesimo sayo sokuphepha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Methyldopa

I-Methyldopa isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni:

• I-Hypertension: Isebenza kahle ekwehliseni umfutho wegazi kubantu abadala futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho eminye imithi ingafaneleki.
• Ukucindezeleka Kwegazi Okubangelwa Ukukhulelwa: I-Methyldopa ibhekwa njengephephile ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okwenza kube yindlela ekhethwayo yokuphatha umfutho wegazi ophezulu komama abakhulelwe.

Indlela Esebenza

I-Methyldopa isebenza ngokulingisa isenzo sama-neurotransmitter athile ebuchosheni. Iguqulwa ibe yi-alphamethyl norepinephrine, evuselela ama-receptor e-alpha2 adrenergic ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Lesi senzo siholela ekunciphiseni kokukhishwa kwesistimu yezinzwa enozwela, okuholela ekuphumuleni kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokwehla kwesilinganiso senhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokho, umfutho wegazi uyancipha, okwenza kube lula ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi.

Isilinganiso nokuphathwa

Umthamo we-Methyldopa uyahlukahluka kuye ngobudala besiguli, isimo saso, kanye nendlela esisabela ngayo ekwelashweni.

Abantu abadala:

Umthamo ojwayelekile wokuqala u-250 mg uthathwa kabili kuya kathathu ngosuku. Umthamo ungandiswa kancane kancane ufike ku-3,000 mg ngosuku, kuye ngokuthi umfutho wegazi usabela kanjani.

Izingane:

Ezinganeni, umthamo uvame ukusekelwe esisindweni somzimba, uqala ku-10 mg/kg/ngosuku, uhlukaniswe ngemithamo emibili noma emithathu, kanti umthamo uphezulu ufika ku-65 mg/kg/ngosuku.

I-Methyldopa itholakala ngesimo sethebhulethi futhi ingathathwa ngomlomo noma ngaphandle kokudla. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela mayelana nomthamo kanye nokuvama kokusebenzisa.

Imiphumela Engemihle ye-Methyldopa

Imiphumela emibi evamile ye-Methyldopa ingafaka:

• Ukulala
• Umlomo omile
• Ukukhathala
• isiyezi
• bekhanda

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu, nakuba ingavamile, ingabandakanya:

• Izinkinga zesibindi (i-hepatitis)
• I-hemolytic anemia
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu
• Ukucindezeleka noma ukushintsha kwemizwelo

Iziguli kufanele zibike noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile kumhlinzeki wazo wezempilo ngokushesha.

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

I-Methyldopa ingasebenzisana nemithi eminingana, okungashintsha ukusebenza kwayo noma kwandise ingozi yemiphumela emibi. Ukusebenzisana okukhulu kwemithi kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-Antidepressants: Amanye ama-antidepressant angase athuthukise imiphumela ye-Methyldopa yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• Ama-diuretics: Inhlanganisela ingaholela engcupheni enkulu yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophansi.
• Utshwala: Utshwala lungandisa imiphumela yokudambisa i-Methyldopa, okuholela ekozeleni okukhulu.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi wazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nayo yonke imithi nezithako zokudla ozithathayo ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisana okungenzeka.

Izinzuzo zeMethyldopa

I-Methyldopa inikeza izinzuzo eziningana zezokwelapha:

• Ukuphepha Ekukhulelweni: Ingomunye wemithi embalwa yokunciphisa umfutho wegazi ebhekwa njengephephile ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Ukulawula Umfutho Wegazi Okuphumelelayo: I-Methyldopa iyasebenza ekuphatheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezingase zingayibekezeleli eminye imithi.
• Umlando omude wokusetshenziswa: Njengoba sekusetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi emtholampilo, iMethyldopa inephrofayili yokuphepha nokusebenza kahle okuqinisekisiwe.

Ukuphikisana kweMethyldopa

Abantu abathile kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa i-Methyldopa, okuhlanganisa:

• Iziguli ezinesifo sesibindi esisebenzayo noma umlando wezinkinga zesibindi.
• Abantu abanokuzwela okukhulu kwe-Methyldopa noma ezinye izingxenye zayo.
• Iziguli ezinomlando wokucindezeleka noma izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kufanele zisebenzise i-Methyldopa ngokucophelela.

Ukuqapha Nezexwayiso

Ngaphambi kokuqala i-Methyldopa, iziguli kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphepha zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesibindi: Kunconywa ukuqapha njalo ukusebenza kwesibindi, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinezinkinga zesibindi ezikhona kakade.
• Ukuqapha Umfutho Wegazi: Ukuqapha njalo umfutho wegazi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza futhi ulungise imithamo njengoba kudingeka.
• Isexwayiso Ezigulini Ezikhulile: Abantu abadala bangase babe nomuzwa ongcono ngemiphumela ye-Methyldopa futhi bangadinga imithamo ephansi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Methyldopa? Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, thatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula. Uma cishe sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, yeqa umthamo ogejiwe futhi uqhubeke neshejuli yakho evamile. Ungaphindi.
• Ngingayithatha iMethyldopa kanye neminye imithi? Njalo xhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa i-Methyldopa neminye imithi, njengoba kungase kube nokuxhumana.
• Ingabe i-Methyldopa iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa? Yebo, iMethyldopa ibhekwa njengephephile ekuphatheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi iMethyldopa yehlise umfutho wegazi? Kungathatha izinsuku eziningana ukubona umphumela ogcwele we-Methyldopa ekucindezelekeni kwegazi.
• Ngingaphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha iMethyldopa? Kunconywa ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, njengoba kungandisa ukozela kanye neminye imiphumela emibi.
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngiba nemiphumela engemihle? Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma uthola noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi enzima.
• Ingabe i-Methyldopa ingadala ukukhuluphala? Ukukhuluphala akuyona imiphumela emibi evamile, kodwa ezinye iziguli zingase zizwe izinguquko esisindweni. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma lokhu kwenzeka.
• Ingabe kuphephile ukuyeka ukuthatha iMethyldopa ngokuzumayo? Cha, akufanele uyeke ukuthatha i-Methyldopa ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho, ngoba kungase kubangele ukwanda komfutho wegazi.
• Ngingayithatha yini iMethyldopa uma nginezinkinga zesibindi? I-Methyldopa kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha ezigulini ezinezinkinga zesibindi. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha.
• Kufanele ngiyigcine kanjani iMethyldopa? Gcina iMethyldopa endaweni yokushisa yegumbi, kude nomswakama nokushisa. Yigcine kude nezingane.

Amagama Omkhiqizo

I-Methyldopa itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama emikhiqizo eminingana, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Aldomet
• I-Dopamet
• I-Methyldopa (ejwayelekile)

Isiphetho

I-Methyldopa iwumuthi owusizo ekuphatheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Indlela yayo yokusebenza ehlukile, iphrofayili yokuphepha, kanye nomlando omude wokusetshenziswa kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthembekile kweziguli eziningi. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-Methyldopa ngaphansi kwesiqondiso somhlinzeki wezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle.