I-Glaucoma: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Izinhlobo, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela

_{^{Kubuyekezwe ngokwezokwelapha yiThimba le-Apollo Ophthalmology.}}

I-Glaucoma Incazelo

I-Glaucoma yiqembu lezimo zamehlo ezilimaza kancane kancane i-optic nerve, edlala indima ebalulekile ekuboneni ngokudlulisa ulwazi olubonakalayo oluvela esweni luye ebuchosheni. Ukulimala kwale nerve kuholela ekulahlekelweni kokubona okuqhubekayo, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ubumpumputhe obuhlala njalo.

Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-glaucoma ukucindezeleka okuphezulu okungavamile ngaphakathi kweso (ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kweso), okulimaza kancane kancane i-optic nerve. Esinye sezici ezibucayi kakhulu zesifo se-glaucoma ukuthi ukulahlekelwa umbono okubangelwa yiso akukwazi ukuguqulwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokuxilongwa ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, ukuqhubeka kwesifo kungancishiswa kakhulu, kusize ekulondolozeni umbono osele.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kubalulekile, njengoba i-glaucoma ivame ukuvela buthule. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuvumela odokotela ukuphatha ukucindezeleka kwamehlo ngempumelelo nokunciphisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka kokubona isikhathi eside.

Iyini i-Glaucoma?

I-Glaucoma yisimo samehlo esingapheli lapho ukucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kweso kulimaza kancane kancane i-optic nerve. Le nerve inesibopho sokuhambisa izimpawu ezibonakalayo ebuchosheni, futhi uma yonakele, umbono uyaphazamiseka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ezimweni eziningi, i-glaucoma ikhula kancane futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu, ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo ezigabeni zokuqala. Abantu abaningi abaqapheli ngalesi simo kuze kube yilapho sekuvele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokubona. Ngenxa yalokhu kuqhubeka buthule, i-glaucoma ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “isela lokubona elithule.”

I-Glaucoma ingathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili, futhi uma ingelashwa, ingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela noma ubumpumputhe. Nakuba abantu abaningi bebuza ukuthi i-glaucoma ingelapheka yini, iqiniso liwukuthi ayikho ikhambi elihlala njalo. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma yesimanje kungalawula ngempumelelo ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, ukulimala kwemizwa okuhamba kancane, futhi kusize ekulondolozeni umbono owusizo lapho kutholakala kusenesikhathi.

Kungani i-Glaucoma Ingathi sína Kodwa Ingalawuleka?

I-Glaucoma ibhekwa njengesifo samehlo esibi kakhulu ngoba ukulahlekelwa umbono okubangelwa yiyo kuhlala njalo futhi akukwazi ukuguqulwa. Uma i-optic nerve yonakele, umbono olahlekile awukwazi ukubuyiselwa, yingakho ukunakekelwa kwe-glaucoma ngesikhathi esifanele kubaluleke kangaka. Leli qiniso lingazwakala lethusa, kodwa kunezindaba eziqinisekisayo.

Uma itholakala kusenesikhathi, i-glaucoma ilawuleka kalula. Ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo, amathuluzi okuxilonga esimanje, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha i-glaucoma ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, odokotela bangakwazi ukwehlisa noma ukumisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo ngempumelelo. Ukugxila okuyinhloko kokwelashwa ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, okusiza ukuvikela umbono osele futhi kuvimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe kwemizwa yamehlo.

Ngenxa yokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okuqhubekayo, abantu abaningi abane-glaucoma bayakwazi ukugcina umbono omuhle osebenzayo futhi baqhubeke nokuphila impilo yokuzimela ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemikhawulo emikhulu yokubona. Ukuphathwa okufanele kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ikhwalithi yokuphila, ngisho nangemva kokuxilongwa kwe-glaucoma.

Izinhlobo zeGlaucoma

I-glaucoma akuyona isifo esisodwa kodwa yiqembu lezimo zamehlo ezilimaza i-optic nerve ngezindlela ezahlukene. Izinhlobo ze-glaucoma ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kwakheka kanjani, ukuthi umbono uthinteka ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi ngabe kukhona esinye isimo esihilelekile. Ukuqonda lokhu kungafani kubalulekile ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele.

Vula i-Angle Glaucoma

I-glaucoma evulelekile iyindlela evame kakhulu ye-glaucoma. Kwenzeka lapho i-engeli yokuphuma kwamanzi yeso ihlala ivulekile, kodwa uketshezi lungaphumi kahle, okuholela ekwandeni kancane kancane komfutho wamehlo.

Lolu hlobo luqhubeka kancane futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokuxwayisa zakuqala. Ukulahlekelwa umbono kuvame ukuqala embonweni ongaphandle (ohlangothini) bese kuhamba kancane kancane kuya enkabeni. Abantu abaningi ababoni izinguquko kuze kube yilapho isifo sesivele siqhubekele phambili, okwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kube yinto ebalulekile.

I-Glaucoma Evalekile (Enemivimbo Emikhulu)

I-glaucoma yokuvala i-angle, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-acute congestive glaucoma, iqala lapho i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi ngaphakathi kweso ivaleka ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kubangela ukwenyuka okusheshayo komfutho wamehlo futhi kuholele ezimpawini ezisheshayo nezinzima.

Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo, ukubomvu, ukubona okufiphele, ukubona imisebe eduze kokukhanya, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza. Lolu hlobo lwe-glaucoma luyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi ludinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.

I-Glaucoma Yokungezwani Okujwayelekile

I-Normal-tension glaucoma uhlobo lapho kwenzeka khona umonakalo we-optic nerve naphezu kokucindezeleka kwamehlo okuhlala ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile. Imbangela eqondile ayiqondakali ngokugcwele, kodwa ukugeleza kwegazi okunciphile kuya ku-optic nerve kukholakala ukuthi kudlala indima.

Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo luvame ukuvela ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo, lungase lungatholakali ngaphandle kokuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqhubeka kokulahlekelwa umbono.

I-Glaucoma yesibili

I-glaucoma yesibili yenzeka lapho kuvela umfutho wamehlo ophakeme ngenxa yesinye isimo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukulimala kwamehlo, ukuvuvukala, izimila, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-steroid, ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwangaphambilini, noma izifo eziyisisekelo.

Ukuphathwa kwe-glaucoma yesibili kuhilela ukwelapha kokubili ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okuphezulu kanye nembangela eyisisekelo ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe kwemizwa yamehlo.

I-Congenital Glaucoma

I-glaucoma yokuzalwa iwuhlobo olungavamile oluba khona lapho umuntu ezalwa noma olukhula ebuntwaneni. Lubangelwa ukukhula okungavamile kohlelo lokukhipha amanzi emehlweni, okuholela ekucindezelekeni kwamehlo okwandayo.

Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise amehlo avuvukile noma aguqubele, ukudabuka ngokweqile, kanye nokuzwela ukukhanya. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa ngesikhathi kubalulekile ukuvikela umbono nokusekela intuthuko evamile yokubona.

I-Glaucoma Enonya

I-glaucoma ebulalayo yisimo esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu esivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwamehlo. Sivela lapho uketshezi olungaphakathi kweso luqondiswa kabi, okubangela ukwenyuka okungazelelwe nokuyingozi kokucindezeleka kwamehlo.

Lolu hlobo lungaba nzima ukuluphatha futhi luvame ukudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha noma kokuhlinzwa, kanye nokuqapha eduze kukachwepheshe wamehlo.

Izimpawu ze-Glaucoma: Yini Okufanele Uyiqaphele?

Esinye sezici eziyinselele kakhulu ze-glaucoma ukuthi ivame ukuvela ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo ezigabeni zayo zokuqala. Abantu abaningi ababi nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo sesivele sibangele umonakalo omkhulu ekuboneni. Njengoba i-glaucoma iqhubeka, izimpawu zingase ziqale ukuvela, futhi lezi zingahluka kuye ngohlobo kanye nobunzima besimo.

Ukuqonda izimpawu ze-glaucoma kungasiza ekuqapheleni lesi sifo kusenesikhathi nokufuna ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Izimpawu Ezivamile Ze-Glaucoma

Njengoba i-glaucoma iqhubeka, abantu bangase babe nezimpawu nezimpawu ze-glaucoma ezilandelayo noma ngaphezulu:

• Ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kombono ohlangothini (olungaphandle)
• Izindawo ezingaboni kahle embonweni ohlangothini noma ophakathi, ezivame ukuthinta amehlo womabili
• Ubunzima bokubona ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi
• Umbono ofiphele noma ofiphele
• Ukubona ama-halo ezungeze izibani
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda njalo
• Ubuhlungu beso noma ubomvu
• Ukushintsha kombono ngokuzumayo ezimweni ezinzima

Izimpawu ze-Open-Angle Glaucoma

I-glaucoma evulekile iyindlela evame kakhulu yalesi sifo futhi ivame ukuqhubeka kancane. Izimpawu zivame ukunganakwa kuze kube yilapho sekudlule isikhathi, lapho ukulahleka kokubona kubonakala khona.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-glaucoma ezihambisana ne-open-angle glaucoma zifaka:

• Ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kombono we-peripheral
• Umbono womhubhe usezigabeni ezithuthukile
• Izindawo ezingaboni kahle embonweni ohlangothini noma ophakathi

Izimpawu ze-Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

I-glaucoma ebukhali yokuvalwa kwe-angle iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi ibangela izimpawu eziphuthumayo nezinzima ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Lezi zimpawu ze-glaucoma zingabandakanya:

• Izinwele ezinzima
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo
• Ububomvu beso
• Umbono ophundlekile
• Ukubona ama-halo ezungeze izibani
• I-nausea nokuhlanza

Kufanele Ufune Nini Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha

Noma yiluphi ushintsho embonweni — noma lubonakala luncane noma luyisikhashana — akufanele lunganakwa. Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa umbono okuqhubekayo. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba i-glaucoma ingaqhubeka buthule ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zibonakale.

Izimbangela ze-Glaucoma kanye Nezingozi

I-glaucoma ikhula lapho kwenzeka umonakalo emthanjeni we-optic, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kucindezela kwakheka lapho uketshezi olungaphakathi kweso lungaphumi kahle, okuholela ekulimaleni kwemizwa kancane kancane. Nakuba ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okuphezulu kuyinkinga enkulu, i-glaucoma ingenzeka ngisho nalapho ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kungaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile, okwenza ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kube yinto ebalulekile.

Ukuqonda izimbangela ze-glaucoma nokuhlonza abantu abasengozini kusiza ekuxilongweni kusenesikhathi kanye nokuphathwa kwesimo ngesikhathi esifanele.

I-Glaucoma Risk Factors

Abantu abathile banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-glaucoma ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kweminyaka, izakhi zofuzo, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezimo ezihlobene namehlo. Izici ezivamile zobungozi be-glaucoma zifaka:

• Ukwanda kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwamehlo (ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwamehlo)
• Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, kanti ingozi iyanda kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engama-60
• Umlando womndeni we-glaucoma
• Uhlanga lwabantu base-Afrika, abamnyama, noma abaseSpain
• Izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona njenge:
  • Diabetes
  • Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
  • Isifo senhliziyo
  • I-Sickle cell anemia
• Izimo zamehlo ezikhona, okuhlanganisa:
  • Ukubona eduze (i-myopia)
  • Ukubona kude (hyperopia)
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ye-corticosteroid, okuhlanganisa amaconsi amehlo e-steroid
• Ukulimala kwamehlo kwangaphambilini noma ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo
• Izici zama-hormone ezifana nokuntuleka kwe-estrogen, isibonelo lapho womabili ama-ovari ekhishwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-43

Ubani Osengozini Yokuthola I-Glaucoma?

Nakuba i-glaucoma ingathinta noma ubani, abantu abanesinye sezici ezingenhla eziyingozi kufanele baqaphele kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo nangokuphelele kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngoba i-glaucoma ivame ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo ezigabeni zokuqala.

Ukuhlonza ingozi kusenesikhathi kuvumela odokotela ukuthi baqaphe ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, impilo yezinzwa zamehlo, kanye nezinkundla zokubona eduze — okusiza ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa umbono okungenakuguqulwa.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlolwa Kwamehlo Okuvamile

Inkolelo evamile abantu abaningi abanayo ukuthi, “Ukubona kwami ​​​​kuzwakala kukuhle, pho kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo?” Lokhu kuwumbono ophambene osabalele.

I-glaucoma ivame ukubangela umonakalo ongabonakali ekuboneni isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kuvele noma yikuphi ubuhlungu noma izimpawu ezisobala. Ngesikhathi izinguquko ezibonakalayo zibonakala, umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uvele. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ethembekile yokuthola i-glaucoma kusenesikhathi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele.

Lokho Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo Okuphelele Okungakuhlanganisa

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kulula, akubuhlungu, futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi esifushane. Kungase kuhilele:

• Ukulinganisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo (ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kweso)
• Ukuhlola i-optic nerve
• Ukuhlola umbono ohlangothini kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo
• Ukulinganisa ukujiya kwe-cornea
• Ukuhlola i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi yeso

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni i-glaucoma kusenesikhathi nokuvikela ukubona kwesikhathi eside.

Isikhathi Sokuthola Ukunakekelwa Okusheshayo Kwe-Glaucoma

Nakuba i-glaucoma ivame ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu, izimpawu ezithile eziyisixwayiso zidinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha. Ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.

Izimo Ezidinga Ukuhlolwa Ngokushesha

• Ubuhlungu Beso Noma Ukucindezeleka Okungazelelwe
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo noma umuzwa wokucindezeleka kungase kubonise i-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle, okuyisimo esingavamile kodwa esibi esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kochwepheshe.
• Umbono Ofiphele noma Ama-Halo Azungeze Izibani
• Ukubona okufiphele noma ukubona ama-halo azungeze izibani, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana namehlo abomvu, kungase kubonise ukwenyuka okungazelelwe komfutho wamehlo futhi akufanele kunganakwa.
• Isicanucanu noma Ukuhlanza Okunezimpawu Zamehlo
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza okwenzeka kanye nobuhlungu bamehlo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma izinguquko zokubona kungaba uphawu lwe-glaucoma ebukhali futhi kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
• Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona Okusheshayo
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele ngokuzumayo kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekulondolozeni ukubona.
• Ngemva Kokulimala Kwamehlo Noma Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukulimala kwamehlo kwakamuva noma ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kungandisa ingozi ye-glaucoma. Noma yikuphi ubuhlungu obusha bamehlo, ukungakhululeki, noma ushintsho embonweni kufanele kuhlolwe ngokushesha.

Umlayezo Obalulekile

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eba nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, akukho nzuzo yokulinda. Ukufuna ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi esifanele kuchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa umbono okungenakuguqulwa futhi kuvikele impilo yamehlo yesikhathi eside.

Itholakala Kanjani I-Glaucoma?

I-glaucoma ayikwazi ukutholakala ngokuhlolwa okukodwa. Esikhundleni salokho, ochwepheshe bamehlo bahlola izici eziningi zempilo yamehlo ndawonye ukuze bathole ukuthi i-glaucoma ikhona yini futhi baqonde uhlobo lwayo kanye nobunzima bayo. Le ndlela ebanzi ibalulekile ngoba i-glaucoma ivame ukuvela ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi.

Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokunakekelwa kwamehlo, i-glaucoma manje ingatholakala ezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kwenzeke izinguquko ezibonakalayo embonweni. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ukubona kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Ukuhlolwa Okusetshenziselwa Ukuthola I-Glaucoma

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-glaucoma kuvame ukufaka inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa okulandelayo. Ukuhlolwa ngakunye kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile futhi kusiza ekwakheni isithombe esicacile sezokwelapha.

Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Glaucoma (Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo Okuphelele)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma akuyona inqubo eyodwa kodwa isethi yokuhlolwa okwenziwa ndawonye. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, impilo yemizwa yamehlo, ukusebenza kokubona, kanye nokuphuma koketshezi ngaphakathi kweso.

Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka Kwamehlo

Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwamehlo kulinganisa ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso, eyaziwa ngokuthi ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso. Ingcindezi ephakeme iyisici esiyinhloko esiyingozi ye-glaucoma, yize lesi simo singase senzeke ngisho nalapho ukufundwa kokucindezeleka kwamehlo kungaphakathi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa Zokubona

Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa yamehlo kuvumela uchwepheshe wamehlo ukuthi ahlole imizwa yamehlo ukuze athole izimpawu zokuqala zomonakalo. Izinguquko ezicashile zesakhiwo zivame ukuvela ngaphambi kokuba ukulahleka kokubona kubonakale, okwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kube yingxenye ebalulekile yokutholakala kwasekuqaleni.

Amathuluzi okuthwebula izithombe athuthukisiwe angasetshenziswa ukuqopha nokuqapha izinguquko zemizwa yamehlo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuhlolwa Kwenkambu Ebonakalayo

Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo kuhlola umbono oseceleni (ongaphandle), ovame ukuthintwa kuqala ku-glaucoma. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekuboneni izinguquko zombono ezingase zingacaci phakathi nemisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi kuyasiza nasekuqapheni inqubekela phambili.

Ukuhlolwa Okwengeziwe Okunganconywa

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungenziwa ukuze kusekelwe ekuxilongweni nasekuqondiseni izinqumo zokwelashwa, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukulinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea, okusiza ekuchazeni ukufundwa komfutho wamehlo ngokunembe kakhudlwana
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-engeli yokukhipha amanzi, okusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi lweso luvulekile noma luvaliwe
• Ukuskena kwezithombe ezibonakalayo, okungabona izinguquko zesakhiwo ekuqaleni kwe-optic nerve kanye ne-retinal nerve fiber layer

Ukuqapha kanye Nokulandelela

Abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-glaucoma noma labo abatholakale benalesi simo bangadinga ukuhlolwa njalo. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kusiza ukulandelela izinguquko ekucindezelweni kwamehlo, impilo yemizwa yamehlo, kanye nezinsimu zokubona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuvumela ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kokwelashwa uma kudingeka.

Ukhiye Ohamba phambili

Zonke izivivinyo zokuxilonga i-glaucoma azibuhlungu futhi azihlaseli, futhi eziningi zingaqedwa ngesikhathi sokuvakasha okukodwa. Ngenxa yokuthi akukho vivinyo olulodwa oluqinisekisa i-glaucoma ngokwalo, imiphumela ihlolwa ndawonye ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okunembile. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kusengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokugcina umbono wesikhathi eside.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Glaucoma: Yiziphi izinketho?

Umonakalo obangelwa yi-glaucoma awunakuguqulwa, kodwa ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokuqapha njalo kungasiza ekunciphiseni noma ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa umbono okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sitholakala kusenesikhathi. Umgomo oyinhloko wokuphathwa kwe-glaucoma ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo nokuvikela i-optic nerve ekulimaleni okuqhubekayo.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokwendlela yokwelapha i-glaucoma, ubukhulu bayo, kanye nokusabela komuntu ngamunye, futhi kungase kuhilele imithi, izinqubo ze-laser, noma ukuhlinzwa.

a) Imithi

Imithi ivame ukuba yindlela yokuqala yokwelapha i-glaucoma. Isebenza ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa koketshezi ngaphakathi kweso noma ngokuthuthukisa ukuphuma kwamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise umfutho wamehlo.

Amaconsi amehlo e-glaucoma avame ukunqunywa ahlanganisa:

• Ama-Prostaglandins
• Ama-beta blockers
• Ama-agonist e-Alpha-adrenergic
• Izithibi ze-carbonic anhydrase
• Ama-Miotic noma ama-cholinergic agents

Uma amaconsi esodwa enganele ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, imithi yomlomo inganconywa. Lezi zivame ukuba yizithibi ze-carbonic anhydrase futhi zivame ukunqunyelwa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi enikezwe udokotela kubalulekile ekulawuleni ingcindezi ngempumelelo.

b) Izinqubo Ze-Laser

Ukwelashwa nge-laser kungase kwelulekwe uma imithi ingalawuli ngokwanele ukucindezeleka kwamehlo noma ingabekezeleleki kahle. Ukuhlinzwa nge-laser kwe-glaucoma ngokuvamile kwenziwa njengenqubo yokulaliswa esibhedlela futhi ngokuvamile akubuhlungu.

Izinqubo ezivamile ze-laser zifaka:

• I-Laser trabeculoplasty, ethuthukisa ukuphuma kwamanzi futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-open angle glaucoma
• Izinqubo ze-laser ezisetshenziswa ku-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle ukuze kuncishiswe ngokushesha ukucindezeleka kwamehlo futhi kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela

Ukwelashwa nge-laser kungaba yindlela ephumelelayo kungaba yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nemithi.

c) Ukwelashwa Kokuhlinzwa

Uma imithi kanye nezinqubo ze-laser zingasebenzi kahle ekulawuleni i-glaucoma, ukuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma kunganconywa. Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kuhlose ukudala indlela entsha yokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni, okusiza ukwehlisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo.

Izinketho zokuhlinzwa zingafaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlunga, okubandakanya ukususa ingxenye ye-trabecular meshwork
• Ukuhlinzwa kwepayipi lokukhipha amanzi, lapho kufakwa khona ipayipi elincane esweni ukusiza ukukhipha uketshezi oluningi
• Izinqubo ze-electrocautery, ezisetshenziselwa ukususa noma ukuguqula izicubu ngaphakathi kwe-meshwork ye-trabecular

Ezimweni ze-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle, kudingeka ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela inhlanganisela yemithi kanye nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa nge-laser noma nge-operation ukuze kuncishiswe ngokushesha ukucindezeleka kwamehlo futhi kuvikelwe ukubona.

Ukhiye Ohamba phambili

Ukwelashwa nge-glaucoma kugxile ekulawuleni ingcindezi yesikhathi eside kanye nokulandelela njalo. Nakuba ukwelashwa kungeke kubuyisele umbono olahlekile, ukuphathwa kusenesikhathi nangokufanele kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ukubona okusele kanye nokugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Umehluko Phakathi Kokucindezeleka Kwamehlo Ne-Glaucoma

Ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kanye ne-glaucoma kuhlobene kakhulu, kodwa akuzona izimo ezifanayo. Umehluko omkhulu ulele ekutheni kukhona yini umonakalo emsipheni we-optic.

aspect	Ukucindezeleka Kwamehlo (Ukucindezeleka Kwangaphakathi Kweso)	I-glaucoma
Yini	Ukucindezela okudalwa uketshezi olungaphakathi kweso	Isifo esonakalisa i-optic nerve
Isizathu	Ukungalingani noma ukunqwabelana koketshezi lwamehlo	Ukulimala kwemizwa yokubona, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokucindezeleka kwamehlo
Ukulimala kwezinzwa ze-Optic	Akukho	Present
Ukulahleka kombono	Akuzibangeli ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokwako	Kubangela ukulahleka kombono okuqhubekayo
Kungenzeka ngengcindezi evamile	Cha	Yebo (i-glaucoma evamile yokucindezeleka)
Igama lezokwelapha	Umfutho wegazi ophakeme emehlweni (uma umfutho wegazi uphezulu)	I-glaucoma
Isidingo sokwelashwa	Kuvame ukugadwa	Kudinga ukwelashwa kanye nokulandelela njalo

Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Glaucoma Ne-Cataract

(I-Glaucoma vs Ama-Cataract)

Nakuba zombili lezi zimo zithinta umbono, zihluka kakhulu ngembangela, inqubekela phambili, kanye nokwelashwa.

aspect	I-glaucoma	I-Cataract
Inkinga eyinhloko	Ukulimala kwe-optic nerve	Ukufiphala kwelensi yemvelo yeso
Ingxenye yeso ethintekile	Imizwa ye-optic	Lens
Ukulahleka kombono	Kancane kancane, ngokuvamile kuqala ngokubona eceleni	Ukufiphala kancane kancane kanye nombono onamafu
Ubuhlungu	Ngokuvamile akubuhlungu ngaphandle kwasezimweni ezibucayi	Akudabukisi
Ukulahlekelwa umbono kungaphinde kuguquke	Ukulahlekelwa umbono akukwazi ukuguqulwa	Ukubona ngokuvamile kungabuyiselwa ngokuhlinzwa
Indlela yokwelapha	Ukwehlisa umfutho wamehlo ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo owengeziwe	Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwelensi enamafu
Ukuphuthuma	Kudinga ukuqapha impilo yonke	Ngokuvamile kuyakhethwa ngaphandle kokuthi kuthuthukiswe

Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Open Angle Glaucoma Ne-Closed Angle Glaucoma

Umehluko phakathi kwe-open angle glaucoma kanye ne-closed angle glaucoma usekelwe endleleni uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi emehlweni oluthinteka ngayo kanye nokuthi izimpawu zikhula ngokushesha kangakanani.

aspect	Vula i-Angle Glaucoma	I-Glaucoma Evaliwe Ye-Angle
imvamisa	Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu	Okungajwayelekile
I-engeli yokukhipha amanzi	Ivuliwe kodwa amanzi ayonakali kahle	Kuvinjelwe ngokuzumayo
Qala	Kancane kancane futhi kancane kancane	Ngokuphazima kweso
Izimpawu	Ngokuvamile azikho ezigabeni zokuqala	Kunzima futhi kuyaphawuleka
Ukulahleka kombono	Ukubona kancane kancane, okuseceleni kuqala	Kuyashesha uma kungalashwa
Ubuhlungu	Imvamisa ayinabuhlungu	Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo
Ukuphuthuma kwezokwelapha	Kudinga ukuqapha okuvamile	Kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha
Amanye amagama	I-glaucoma ye-open-angle eyinhloko	Ukuvalwa kwe-angle okubukhali noma i-glaucoma ebukhali yokugcwala

Ukuphila Ne-Glaucoma

Ukuphila ne-glaucoma kuhilela ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuze kuvikelwe umbono osele. Nakuba ukwelashwa okufana nemithi, izinqubo ze-laser, noma ukuhlinzwa kusiza ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, imikhuba yansuku zonke kanye nokulandelela njalo kudlala indima ebaluleke ngokulinganayo ekuphatheni lesi simo ngempumelelo.

I-Glaucoma yisifo esingamahlalakhona, futhi ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila. Abantu abaningi bayaqhubeka nemisebenzi evamile yansuku zonke ngokwelashwa okufanele nokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile.

Amathiphu Okuphila Awusizo Okuphatha I-Glaucoma

Izindlela ezilula zokuphila zingasekela ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha futhi zisize ekugcineni impilo yamehlo izinzile:

• Phuza imithi ebhalwe ngudokotela njalo futhi njengoba uyalelwe
• Yiba khona ekuhlolweni kwamehlo okuhleliwe ukuze uqaphe ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kanye nempilo yezinzwa zamehlo
• Gcina ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo ukuze usekele impilo yonke
• Phatha izimo ezikhona njengesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Gwema ukuzelapha, ikakhulukazi imithi yama-steroid, ngaphandle uma kunikezwe udokotela.
• Yazisa uchwepheshe wamehlo ngayo yonke imithi ethathwayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela

Ukubaluleka Kokunakekelwa Okuqhubekayo

Ngisho noma ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kubonakala kulawulwa, ukuqapha njalo kuhlala kubalulekile. I-Glaucoma ingaqhubeka buthule, futhi ukulungiswa kwesikhathi ekwelashweni kusiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokulahlekelwa ukubona okwengeziwe. Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kuvumela ukutholakala kwezinguquko kusenesikhathi futhi kusekela ukuzinza kokubona kwesikhathi eside.

Amasu Okuvimbela I-Glaucoma

I-glaucoma ayinakuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ingozi yokulahlekelwa umbono ingancishiswa kakhulu ngokutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokunakekelwa kwamehlo okusheshayo. Isu eliphumelela kakhulu ukuhlonza lesi simo kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo ongenakulungiseka emsipheni we-optic.

Ukuqonda indlela yokuvimbela i-glaucoma kugxile kakhulu ekunciphiseni izici eziyingozi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kutholakala isifo ngesikhathi.

Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo Okuvamile

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kwakha isisekelo sokuvimbela i-glaucoma. Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu, ikakhulukazi labo abanezici eziyingozi njengomlando womndeni we-glaucoma, isifo sikashukela, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kufanele bahlolwe amehlo ngokuphelele njalo eminyakeni eyodwa kuya kwemibili. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekutholeni izinguquko zakuqala ekucindezelweni kwamehlo noma empilweni yezinzwa zamehlo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.

Izinketho Zendlela Yokuphila Enempilo

Indlela yokuphila enempilo isekela impilo yamehlo iyonke futhi ingasiza ekugcineni umfutho wamehlo uzinzile. Ukudla okunomsoco okucebile ngemifino eluhlaza enamaqabunga, izithelo, kanye nama-omega-3 fatty acids kunegalelo ekusebenzeni kahle kwamehlo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kusekela nokujikeleza kwegazi okunempilo futhi kungasiza ekulawuleni umfutho wamehlo.

Ukuphatha Izimo Zempilo Ezingamahlalakhona

Ukulawulwa okufanele kwezimo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, nesifo senhliziyo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yezinzwa zamehlo. Ukuphatha lezi zimo kunganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezihlobene ne-glaucoma futhi kusekele ukulondolozwa kombono isikhathi eside.

Ukugwema Ukulimala Kwamehlo Nokucindezeleka Okukhulu

Ukulimala kwamehlo kungandisa ingozi ye-glaucoma yesibili. Ukugqoka izibuko zokuzivikela ngesikhathi semidlalo noma imisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu kusiza ukunciphisa le ngozi. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikrini isikhathi eside, ukuthatha ikhefu njalo, nokugwema ukucindezeleka kwamehlo ngokweqile nakho kusekela induduzo nempilo yamehlo iyonke.

Ukuqwashisa Ngemithi

Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-steroid, ingandisa ingozi ye-glaucoma. Ukusebenzisa imithi kuphela njengoba kuyalelwe futhi ukwazisa uchwepheshe wamehlo ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha eziqhubekayo kanye nomlando wezokwelapha kusiza ekunciphiseni izingozi ezingagwenywa.

Ukhiye Ohamba phambili

Nakuba i-glaucoma ingenakuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo, imikhuba yokuphila enempilo, ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwezimo zezokwelapha ezikhona, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi ngokwethembeka kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi nokuthola i-glaucoma kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kuseyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela ukubona kwesikhathi eside.

Izinkinga ze-Glaucoma

I-Glaucoma yisimo esiqhubekayo, futhi uma ingatholakali kusenesikhathi noma ingaphathwa kahle, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu nezihlala isikhathi eside. Izinkinga eziningi zivela ngenxa yomonakalo oqhubekayo emsipheni we-optic, ongenakukwazi ukuguqulwa uma usuvele uvele.

Ukuqonda izinkinga ze-glaucoma kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuxilongwa ngesikhathi, ukuqapha njalo, kanye nokwelashwa okuqhubekayo.

Ukulahlekelwa Umbono Oqhubekayo

Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ze-glaucoma ukulahleka kombono kancane kancane. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuqala ngokubona okungaphandle (ohlangothini) futhi kungase kungabonakali ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-glaucoma engelashwanga ingaholela ekuboneni komhubhe kanye nobunzima obukhulu ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokushayela noma ukuhamba ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile.

Ubumpumputhe Obuhlala Njalo

Uma i-glaucoma iqhubeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, ingabangela ubumpumputhe obungenakuguqulwa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umonakalo omkhulu wenzwa yamehlo uvimbela izimpawu ezibonakalayo ukuthi zingafiki ebuchosheni. I-glaucoma isalokhu ingenye yezimbangela eziphambili zobumpumputhe obungavinjelwa emhlabeni jikelele.

Ikhwalithi Yempilo Eyehlisiwe

Ukulahlekelwa umbono okubangelwa yi-glaucoma kungathinta ukuzimela kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Imisebenzi efana nokufunda, ukuhamba ngokuphephile, ukuqaphela ubuso, noma ukwenza imisebenzi ehlobene nomsebenzi ingaba nzima kakhulu njengoba umbono uwohloka.

Ingozi Ekhulayo Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa Kwamehlo Noma Ukulimala

Kwezinye izimo, i-glaucoma ethuthukisiwe noma ukwelashwa kwayo kungandisa ingozi yezinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwamehlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abane-glaucoma bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokulahlekelwa umbono ngemva kokulimala kwamehlo ngenxa yempilo ye-optic nerve esengozini kakade.

Umthelela Wemizwelo Nangokwengqondo

Ukuphila nokulahlekelwa umbono okuqhubekayo nakho kungaba nemiphumela engokomzwelo. Ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba ubumpumputhe, kanye nokwehla kokuzethemba akuyona into engavamile, ikakhulukazi lapho i-glaucoma itholakala sekwephuzile noma iqhubeka naphezu kokwelashwa.

Kungani Ukuphathwa Kwasekusenesikhathi Kubalulekile

Izinkinga eziningi ze-glaucoma zingancishiswa noma zigwenywe ngokutholwa kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa okufanele, kanye nokulandelela njalo. Nakuba umonakalo osuvele wenziwe ungenakukwazi ukuguqulwa, ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwamehlo nokuqapha impilo yemizwa yamehlo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni umbono osele.

Ukhiye Ohamba phambili

Izinkinga ezihlobene ne-glaucoma zingavinjelwa kakhulu uma lesi simo sitholakala futhi siphathwa kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kanye nokunamathela ezinhlelweni zokwelapha kusalokhu kuyizindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa umbono isikhathi eside.

Isiphetho

I-Glaucoma yisimo samehlo esibi kakhulu, kodwa akudingeki ukuthi ikususe ukubona. Uma itholakale kusenesikhathi, i-glaucoma ingalawulwa ukuze abantu abaningi bakwazi ukugcina umbono owusizo futhi baphile impilo esebenzayo. Isihluthulelo ukuqaphela, njengoba i-Glaucoma ivame ukukhula ngaphandle kobuhlungu futhi ingenazo izimpawu ezibonakalayo ezigabeni zokuqala.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ngesikhathi kusiza ekutholeni i-glaucoma ngaphambi kokuba kube nomonakalo ongenakulungiseka. Ukwelashwa okufanele kwe-glaucoma kuvame ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa ukubona okwengeziwe lapho kusetshenziswa imithi, izinqubo ze-laser, noma ukuhlinzwa lapho kudingeka. Impilo yamehlo yesikhathi eside ikhiqizwa ngokulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho kanye nokuvakashela njalo udokotela.

Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala, noma uma unomlando womndeni we-glaucoma, isifo sikashukela, nezinye izinto ezingabangela izinkinga zokubona, ungazilibazisi ukunakekelwa kwakho. Ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo namuhla kusiza ekuvikeleni ukubona kwakho futhi kuvikele umbono wakho wesikhathi esizayo.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kuyini i-glaucoma ngamagama alula?

Lesi yisimo esithinta amehlo, silimaza imizwa yamehlo. Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukwanda kwengcindezi yoketshezi emehlweni. Ezigabeni zokuqala, i-glaucoma ayibonisi zimpawu. Ukuvakashela udokotela wamehlo njalo kubalulekile ekutholeni i-glaucoma.

Ingabe i-glaucoma iyalapheka?

I-Glaucoma ayikwazi ukwelapheka unomphela, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi emehlweni iyalawuleka. Lokhu kuzosiza labo abaphethwe yilesi sifo ukuthi balondoloze umbono wabo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi amehlo abo aphilile.

Ingabe izimpawu ze-glaucoma zibuhlungu?

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-glaucoma ziyanda futhi azibuhlungu. Kodwa esimweni esiphuthumayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-sudden angle closure glaucoma, kuzwakala ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukubona okufiphele, kanye nomuzwa wokubona ama-halo azungeze izibani.

Ingabe i-glaucoma ingadala ubumpumputhe?

Yebo, uma i-glaucoma ingelashwa, ingabangela ukulimala okungapheli kwenzwa yokukhanya futhi iholele ngisho nasekungaboni. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha njalo, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, kanye nokwelashwa ngesikhathi kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo kanye nokusindisa umbono.

Kufanele ngihlolwe kangaki amehlo ami?

Kunconywa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala kumele bahlolwe amehlo njalo ngonyaka kuya kwemibili. Abantu abasengozini yokuba ne-glaucoma, kanye nalabo ababhekana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwabo, kumele bahlolwe amehlo njengoba kunconywe uchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo.

Ingabe izingane zingaba ne-glaucoma?

Nakuba kuyisimo esingavamile, akusho ukuthi izingane nezinsana azikwazi ukuba ne-glaucoma. Kumelwe kucatshangelwe ukunaka okukhulu nokunakekelwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi izingane nezingane zine-glaucoma yini. Uma kutholakala ukuthi izingane nezingane zine-glaucoma ngempela, kumele iphathwe kahle ukuze izingane nezingane zibe ne-amehlo amahle. Ukuvakashela njalo uchwepheshe wamehlo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izingane nezingane zine-amehlo amahle.

Ingabe amaconsi amehlo ayayelapha i-glaucoma?

Nakuba amaconsi amehlo engakwazi ukwelapha i-glaucoma, amaconsi amehlo ayasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka kwamehlo. Ukusebenzisa amaconsi amehlo njengoba kunqunywe udokotela kusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela ye-glaucoma futhi kuvimbele ukulahlekelwa umbono okwengeziwe.

Ingabe i-glaucoma ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

I-Glaucoma ayikwazi ukwelapheka, kodwa ingelashwa kahle kakhulu futhi ngempumelelo uma yelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma itholakala ngesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okunye ukulimala kwamehlo. Iningi labantu abaphila ne-glaucoma baphila impilo yabo ngaphandle kwezinkinga, okusho ukuthi azikho izinkinga zamehlo.

Ingabe i-glaucoma ibuhlungu?

Ngezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-glaucoma, izimpawu zokuqala azinikezi ubuhlungu noma izimpawu nhlobo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, iziguli eziningi zigcina zifuna ukwelashwa kwezimo ezihlobene ne-glaucoma ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukuthi zinalesi simo kwasekuqaleni. Ezinye izinhlobo zingabonisa ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo noma ukubona okufiphele.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma kufanele kuqale nini?

Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala kufanele bafune izinsizakalo zochwepheshe bamehlo ukuze bahlolwe amehlo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi banesifo se-glaucoma noma izinkinga zamehlo. Labo abangase babe nesifo sikashukela noma izimo zomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma abavela emindenini enezinkinga ze-glaucoma kufanele bafune izinsizakalo ngisho nangaphambi kweminyaka engu-40 ubudala njengoba ochwepheshe bamehlo beluleka.

Ingabe i-glaucoma ingathinta amehlo womabili?

Yebo, i-glaucoma ivame ukubandakanya womabili amehlo, yize kwezinye izimo, elinye iso lingathinteka kusenesikhathi noma kakhulu kunelinye. Yingakho ochwepheshe bamehlo bezohlala behlola womabili amehlo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa okufanele, ukuqapha okufanele, kanye nokuhlela kahle ukwelashwa.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukwelashwa impilo yami yonke kwe-glaucoma?

Kwabaningi abantu, i-glaucoma ingelashwa ngokusebenzisa njalo imithi noma amaphilisi e-eyedrop ukuze kugcinwe ingcindezi efanele enhlamvini yeso. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina ukubona kwakho kuphephile. Uma ukwelashwa kuyekwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela, ingcindezi enqwabelene enhlamvini yeso izoqhubeka, futhi ukulahlekelwa ukubona nakho kuzoqhubeka.

Ingabe izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingasiza ekulawuleni i-glaucoma?

Ukuphila impilo enempilo kukhuthaza impilo enhle yamehlo futhi kwenza kube lula ukubhekana nezimo ze-glaucoma. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukudla okunempilo, ukulawula kahle kokubili isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi, ukuyeka ukubhema, kanye nokunamathela ngokuqinile kuyo yonke imithi kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukulawula okuhle komfutho wamehlo.

Ingabe amaconsi amehlo e-glaucoma aphephile?

Amaconsi amehlo e-Glaucoma aphephile kakhulu, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi. Ezimweni eziningi, kungaba khona abantu abangase basabele ekucasukeni nasekuvuvukeni; noma kunjalo, lokhu kungalawulwa kalula. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela nganoma yikuphi ukucasuka okungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokunikezwa kwamaconsi amehlo.

Iziguli ze-glaucoma kufanele zivakashele kangaki udokotela wamehlo?

Inani lokuvakashela ukunakekelwa kwe-glaucoma lincike ebunzimeni besifo. Ezimweni eziningi, kunconywa ukuthi umuntu avakashele uchwepheshe wamehlo ukuze ahlolwe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha.

Ngingakwazi yini ukushayela noma ukusebenza uma ngine-glaucoma?

Ngokuvamile, iziguli ezine-glaucoma ziyakwazi ukushayela nokusebenza uma isimo silawulwa kahle. Lokhu kufezwa uma isimo sitholakale kusenesikhathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isiguli ngeke sikwazi ukubona kahle ukuze siqhubeke nemisebenzi yaso.

Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka njalo ekwelapheni i-glaucoma?

Cha, empeleni ukuhlinzwa akudingekile ekwelapheni i-glaucoma. Iziguli eziningi ziyakwazi ukulawula inkinga ngendlela eyanelisayo ngokusebenzisa amaconsi amehlo, imithi, noma ukwelashwa nge-laser. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlinzwa kungase kwelulekwe uma ingcindezi emehlweni ingalawulwa kahle ngokwelashwa okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla.

Kwenzekani Uma Ukwelashwa Nge-Glaucoma Kumiswa?

Ukuyeka ukwelashwa kungandisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo futhi kuholele ekulimaleni okwengeziwe emthanjeni we-optic. Ukulimala kwe-glaucoma akunakubuyiselwa emuva. Ukweqiwa kokwelashwa kungaqhubekisela phambili lesi sifo. Ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko ekwelashweni kwe-glaucoma noma ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukwelashwa, xhumana nochwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo.

Ingabe i-Glaucoma Ingathinta Umbono Ophakathi?

I-glaucoma ithinta kakhulu umbono ohlangothini, ishiye umbono ophakathi uphelele. Kodwa-ke, ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu embonweni ophakathi uma iqhubeka. Ngenxa yalokho, kungaba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokufunda nokubona ubuso.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungandisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo ku-glaucoma?

Ukucindezeleka akukuvusi i-glaucoma kodwa kungathinta ingcindezi emehlweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma umuntu ebhekene nokucindezeleka. Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kuhle emehlweni. Nakuba kungabangeli i-glaucoma, ukucindezeleka kungathinta ingcindezi yamehlo ngokungaqondile. Ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kungathinteka kahle ngokuphathwa kokucindezeleka.

Ingabe i-glaucoma ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa noma kwabesifazane?

Abesilisa nabesifazane bangase bathintwe yi-glaucoma. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma zenzeka ngeminyaka ethile, okwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kudingeke uma umuntu efuna ukuthola ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi.

Ingabe i-glaucoma ingabuya ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ukuhlinzwa kuyasiza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kwesiguli esine-glaucoma. Nokho, ukuhlinzwa akuyelapha i-glaucoma. Ukubonisana njalo nochwepheshe bamehlo kukho konke ukuphila komuntu kuyadingeka. Isizathu siwukuthi ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kanye nombono wesiguli esine-glaucoma kumele kulawulwe kahle.

Ingabe ukwelashwa nge-glaucoma kubuhlungu?

Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha i-glaucoma, okuhlanganisa amaconsi amehlo kanye nezinqubo ze-laser, azibuhlungu kakhulu futhi zibekezelelwa kahle; ngakho-ke, iziguli zingagcina lesi simo sikhululekile futhi zingazizwa zingakhululekile ekuphatheni lesi sifo.

Ingabe ukubona kungathuthuka ngemva kokwelashwa nge-glaucoma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma kuhlose ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokulawula ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kanye nokuvikela i-optic nerve. Nakuba umuntu engakuvimba ngempumelelo ukuqhubeka kwalezi zifo zombili, umuntu akakwazi ukuguqula umbono olahlekile ngenxa yomonakalo waphakade ngokwelashwa noma kokubili uma kubhekwa ndawonye.