I-Encephalitis - Izinhlobo, Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Izingozi, Izinkinga, Ukuxilongwa, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela

Iyini i-Encephalitis?

I-Encephalitis yisimo sezokwelapha esibonakala ngokuvuvukala kwezicubu zobuchopho, okuvame ukubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Yize ingaqala ngezimpawu ezithambile ezinjengomkhuhlane, ezinye izimo zingathuthuka ngokushesha ziye ezindabeni ezinzima kakhulu njengokudideka, ukuquleka, ubunzima bokunyakaza, kanye noshintsho kubuntu noma ukwazi. Uma ingelashwa, i-encephalitis enzima ingaba yingozi empilweni.

Amagciwane ahlukahlukene angabangela i-encephalitis, okuhlanganisa i-herpes simplex virus (HSV), amagciwane athwalwa omiyane, amagciwane athwalwa yimikhaza, igciwane lamarabi, ama-enteroviruses, namagciwane abangela imvukuzane, i-rubella, ne-chickenpox. Kwezinye izimo, i-encephalitis ingase ivuswe izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma ukusabela kwe-autoimmune.

Nakuba kuyivelakancane, i-encephalitis idinga ukuxilongwa nokungenelela okufika ngesikhathi. Ukululama kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela ehlala njalo yezinzwa. Labo abasengozini enkulu bahlanganisa izingane ezincane, abantu abadala, nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Izinhlobo ze-encephalitis

Encephalitis ukutheleleka kuyizinhlobo ezimbili:

1. I-encephalitis eyinhloko - Ku-encephalitis eyinhloko, amagciwane noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuthinta ngqo ubuchopho. Ingase ihlale isendaweni eyodwa noma isabalale ezicutshini eziseduze. Kwesinye isikhathi, umphumela we-encephalitis oyinhloko ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwegciwane elingasebenzi ezifweni zangaphambilini.
2. I-encephalitis yesibili - I-encephalitis yesibili ngokuvamile iqala ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba. Lapha amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba, esikhundleni sokubhubhisa amagciwane abangela izifo, ahlasela amangqamuzana obuchopho anempilo. Lolu hlobo lokuvuvukala kobuchopho ngokuvamile luqala emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemva kokutheleleka okuyinhloko.

Izimpawu ze-Encephalitis

Izimpawu ze-Encephalitis zingahluka ukusuka komnene kuye kokuqina, futhi ngokuvamile ziqala ngezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Lesi simo singaba sibi ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, abantu abadala, noma abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Izimpawu Ezimaphakathi (Izimpawu Zakuqala)

• bekhanda
• Fever
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga

Izimpawu Ezinzima (Zidinga Ukunakwa Ngokushesha Kwezokwelapha)

• ukuquleka
• Ukudideka, i-delirium, noma ukubona izinto ezingekho
• Ukuyaluza noma izinguquko zobuntu
• ukukhubazeka ezingxenyeni zobuso noma zomzimba
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukuqina
• Inkinga yokukhuluma noma yokuqonda inkulumo
• Izinkinga zokuzwa
• Ukubona kabili noma ukubona okufiphele
• Inzwa yokuhogela eshintshile (isb, iphunga elibi noma elishile)
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi noma ukuquleka

Izimpawu ze-Encephalitis Ezinsaneni Nezingane Ezincane

• I-bulging fontanelle (indawo ethambile ekhanda lomntwana)
• Ukukhala okuphikelelayo noma okuphakeme
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Ukuqina komzimba noma ukungaguquguquki
• Ukucasuka noma ukuxokozela okungajwayelekile

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Funa ukunakekelwa ngokushesha uma wena noma ingane yakho nihlangabezana:

• Izinwele ezinzima
• Ukudideka okungazelelwe noma isimo sengqondo esishintshile
• ukuquleka
• Ukulahlekelwa kokwazi
• Izimpawu ze-encephalitis ezinsaneni (ikakhulukazi i-fontanelle eqhumayo noma ukungondleki kahle)

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-encephalitis kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukulimala okuhlala njalo kwemizwa noma izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.

Call 1860-500-1066 ukubhuka i-aphoyintimenti.

Yini ebangela i-encephalitis?

Isizathu esiqondile se-encephalitis asaziwa odokotela ezimweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuyimbangela evamile yalesi simo sezokwelapha. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nezifo ezivuthayo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo zingase ziholele ku-encephalitis.

Izifo ezivamile zegciwane ezibangela i-encephalitis

• I-Herpes simplex virus (HSV): Kokubili uhlobo lwe-HSV 1 kanye nohlobo lwe-HSV 2 lungaholela ku-encephalitis. Ohlotsheni loku-1 oluhlobene ne-HSV encephalitis, iziguli zingase zilimale nobuchopho noma zife. Nokho, izimo zalezi zifo azivamile.
• Amanye amagciwane e-herpes: Encephalitis Kungase futhi kubangele igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (elihlotshaniswa ne-infectious mononucleosis) kanye ne-varicella-zoster virus virus (ehambisana nenkukhu kanye shingles).
• Ama-Enteroviruses: Ngezinye izikhathi, iziguli zenza i-encephalitis ngemva kokutheleleka kwe-poliovirus ne-coxsackievirus.
• Amagciwane athwalwa omiyane: Kunamathuba okuba ne-encephalitis ngemva kokutheleleka ngegciwane omiyane njenge-West Nile ne-La Crosse.
• Amarabi igciwane: Uma izinja ezinegciwane (eziphethe i-rabies virus) zikuluma, ungaba ne-encephalitis.
• Ukutheleleka kwezingane: Izingane zisengozini enkulu yokuphathwa yi-encephalitis ngemuva kwe-mumps, nesimungumungwana (rubeola), noma isiJalimane nesimungumungwana (rubella) izifo.

Yiziphi izici zobungozi ezihambisana ne-encephalitis?

Amaqembu athile omphakathi anengozi enkulu yokuthuthukiswa i-encephalitis. Zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala: Izingane ezincane, izingane, kanye nabantu abadala asebekhulile bawela eqenjini elisengozini encephalitis.
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka: Iziguli ezinezivikeli mzimba ezisengozini (njenge AIDS iziguli) noma ukuthatha imishanguzo ecindezela amasosha omzimba kwezinye izinkinga kunobungozi obukhulu bokuvela encephalitis.
• Indawo: Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinezehlakalo eziningi zomiyane noma amagciwane asakazwa imikhaza bangangenwa kalula yizifo. encephalitis.
• Ukuhluka kwesizini: Ingozi ye encephalitis kungase kwande ehlobo ngenxa yomsebenzi othuthukisiwe womiyane namagciwane athwalwa yimikhaza.

Ingabe i-encephalitis ingaholela ezinkingeni?

Encephalitis kungaholela ezinkingeni uma uneminyaka esengozini, unezimpawu ezinzima, noma ungafuni usizo lwezokwelapha. Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zobuchopho, okuholela ku-coma noma ngisho nokufa
• ukukhubazeka
• Izinkinga zenkumbulo
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo
• Izinkinga ngokuhlanganiswa kwemisipha
• Ukubona nokungezwa kahle
• Izinselelo ekukhulumeni

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Encephalitis

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kuqukethe lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukufanekisa ingqondo: Ngokuvamile kuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala uma izimpawu zibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka i-encephalitis. Izithombe zingase zidalule ukuvuvuka kobuchopho nanoma yisiphi esinye isimo esingaba umsuka wezimpawu, njengesimila. Ubuchwepheshe bungase buhlanganise I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), engaveza izithombe ezinemininingwane ehlukene kanye ne-3-D yobuchopho, noma i-Computerized Tomography (CT) scan .
• I-Spinal Tap (I-Lumbar Puncture): Ngesikhathi sompompi womgogodla, udokotela ufaka inaliti emhlane ophansi ukuze akhiphe uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF), uketshezi oluvikelayo oluzungeza ubuchopho nekholomu yomgogodla. Noma yiluphi ushintsho oketshezini lubonisa ukutheleleka nokuvuvukala ebuchosheni.
• Okunye Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu: Amasampula egazi noma umchamo noma uketshezi oluvela ohlangothini olungemuva lomphimbo lungahlolelwa amagciwane noma ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG): Udokotela angase a-oda i-EEG, ukuhlola lapho ukulandelana kwama-electrode kuphiniwe esikhunjeni sekhanda. I-EEG irekhoda ukunyakaza kagesi kobuchopho futhi noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle okuhambisana nokuxilongwa kuyarekhodwa.
• I-Brain biopsy: Akuvamile, inqubo yokukhipha isampula encane yezicubu zobuchopho yenziwa uma izimpawu ziba zimbi futhi ukwelashwa kungasebenzi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Encephalitis

Ukwelapha izimo ezithambile, okungenzeka kwenziwe iphutha njengomkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuphumula kombhede okuphelele
• Ukwanda kokuthatha uketshezi
• Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ezifana ne-Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen ne-Naproxen Sodium ukunciphisa ikhanda kanye nezinga lokushisa.

Ukunakekela okusekelayo

Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe okusekelayo nakho kuyadingeka esibhedlela kubantu abane-encephalitis enzima. Ukunakekelwa kungase kuhlanganise:

• Usizo lokuphefumula, ukuqapha njalo ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcwala kwamanzi okwanele
• Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, njenge-corticosteroids, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokucindezela ngaphakathi kogebhezi
• Imithi ye-Anticonvulsant, njenge-phenytoin, ukuvimbela ukubanjwa

Ukwelashwa Kokulandela

Ngemva kokugula kokuqala, kungase kudingeke ukuba kwenziwe ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kuye ngobunzima. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa:

• Ukwelapha ngokomzimba ukuthuthukisa amandla nokuhamba
• Ukwelapha emsebenzini ukwakha amakhono ansuku zonke
• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo ukufunda kabusha ukulawula imisipha nokuvuselela inkulumo
• Ezengqondo ukuthola ulwazi lwamasu okusinda namakhono amasha okuziphatha

Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela I-Encephalitis

Nakuba i-encephalitis ingagwemeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuchayeka kumagciwane noma amagciwane akubangelayo. Nansi indlela:

1. Gcina Ukuhlanzeka Okufanelekile

• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi—ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela.
• Khuthaza izingane ukuba zilandele imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko kokubili ekhaya nangaphandle.

2. Gwema Ukwabelana Ngezinto Zomuntu Siqu

• Ungabelani ngamathawula, amakamu, izitsha, izingubo, noma ezinye izinto zakho ezingase zithwale amagciwane.

3. Hlala Unolwazi Lwakamuva Ngemigomo

• Landela uhlelo lokugoma olunconywe udokotela wakho.
• Qiniseka ukuthi wena nezingane zakho nigonyelwe izifo ezaziwa ukuthi zibangela i-encephalitis (njenge-encephalitis yaseJapane, isimungumungwane, umvukuzane, irubella, njll.).
• Uma uhlela ukuya kwamanye amazwe, thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole imithi yokugoma eqondene nokuhamba.

4. Zivikele Ekulunyweni Omiyane Nomkhaza

Amanye amagciwane abangela i-encephalitis (isb., i-Japanese encephalitis, i-West Nile virus) asakazwa izinambuzane ezinjengomiyane nemikhaza. Thatha lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha:

a. Gqoka Izingubo Zokuzivikela

• Sebenzisa amahembe anemikhono emide, amabhulukwe amade, nezicathulo ezivaliwe—ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa lapho umsebenzi womiyane uphakeme.

b. Sebenzisa Imithi Yokuxosha Omiyane

• Gcoba izibulala-zinambuzane eziphephile esikhumbeni nasezimpahleni ezisobala.
• Gwema ukufutha ngokuqondile ebusweni—ugcobe ezandleni zakho kuqala, bese usula ngobumnene ebusweni.

c. Lawula Ukuzalanisa Omiyane

• Khipha amanzi amile ezitsheni zezimbali, ama-cooler, amathayi amadala, amabhakede, nezinye iziqukathi ukuze unciphise ukuzala komiyane.

d. Sebenzisa ama-insecticides

• Fafaza isibulala-zinambuzane esiphephile, esisekelwe ku-permetrin endlini nasezindwangu zangaphandle (isb., amanetha omiyane, izingubo, njll.).
• Ungavumeli ukuthintana kwesikhumba okuqondile nezinto ezilashwe ngama-insecticide.

Isiphetho

Landela yonke imihlahlandlela yokuvikela ukuvikela ukwenzeka kwalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, ungalokothi uzishaye indiva. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze utholakale kusenesikhathi futhi luqale ngokushesha uhlelo lokwelapha.

Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo (ama-FAQ)

1. Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-encephalitis?

Noma nini lapho besola encephalitis , odokotela ekuqaleni benza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi bathathe umlando wezokwelapha. Bese, bayasho I-MRI (i-magnetic resonance imaging) noma izithombe ze-CT (i-computed tomography), i-spinal tap (i-lumbar puncture), ne-EEG (electroencephalogram) ukuze uthole isithombe esinemininingwane yesimo sakho sezokwelapha futhi uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, nini encephalitis izimpawu ziba zimbi ngisho nangemva kokuqala kokwelashwa, odokotela bangase baluleke ubuchopho i-biopsy.

2. Kuyini ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kweziguli eziphethwe yi-encephalitis esibhedlela?

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima ze encephalitis, odokotela bangase baluleke ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iziguli zingase zidinge ukunakekelwa okusekelayo, okuhlanganisa usizo lokuphefumula, uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni, imithi ye-anticonvulsant ukuvimbela ukuquleka, kanye nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvuvukala. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisiza ekululameni okusheshayo.

3. Yiziphi izeluleko zokuvikela izingane ku-encephalitis?

Ungakwazi ukuvikela izingane kanye nezingane ezincane kusuka encephalitis ngokubasiza ekugcobeni umuthi oxosha omiyane, bamboze imizimba yabo ngezingubo zokuzivikela, bagweme ukuphuma ekuseni nakusihlwa, futhi bageze izandla zabo ngensipho namanzi noma nini lapho bephuma ngaphandle nangemva kokuvakashela endlini yangasese.

4. Ingabe i-encephalitis ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Ezimweni eziningi, i-encephalitis-ikakhulukazi amafomu amagciwane amancane-angelashwa ngokuphelele ngokuxilongwa ngesikhathi nokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nezinkinga zesikhathi eside njengezinkinga zenkumbulo noma ubunzima bokunyakaza, ikakhulukazi uma ukwelashwa kubambezelekile.

5. Ingabe i-encephalitis iyathathelana?

I-Encephalitis ngokwayo ayitheleleki, kodwa amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya ayidalayo (njenge-herpes virus, ama-enteroviruses, noma amagciwane athwalwa omiyane) angasakazeka esuka kumuntu aye komunye noma ngokulunywa yizinambuzane.

6. Iyini imiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-encephalitis?

Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nezinkinga zezinzwa ezifana nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo, izinkinga zokukhuluma, ukukhathala, izinguquko zobuntu, noma ubunzima bokusebenzisana. Imithi yokuvuselela ingasiza ukuphatha le miphumela yesikhathi eside.

7. Ubani osengcupheni enkulu yokuba ne-encephalitis?

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5, abantu abadala, kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu. Labo abahlala noma abahambela izifunda lapho kuqubuke khona amagciwane athwalwa omiyane noma imikhaza nabo basengozini.

8. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ku-encephalitis?

Isikhathi sokululama siyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu begciwane nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha kangakanani. Izimo ezibucayi zingase zilulame emasontweni ambalwa, kuyilapho izimo ezinzima zingase zithathe izinyanga futhi zidinga ukuvuselelwa kwesikhathi eside.

9. Iyini i-autoimmune encephalitis?

I-Autoimmune encephalitis kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela ngephutha izicubu zobuchopho ezinempilo. Akuvamile kakhulu kune-viral encephalitis futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukwelashwa ngemithi yokuzivikela komzimba.

Call 1860-500-1066 ukubhuka i-aphoyintimenti.