I-Albinism: Izinhlobo, Izimbangela, Izimpawu kanye Nokwelashwa

Uhlolojikelele

Umuntu angathi umuntu une-Albinism uma isikhumba, izinwele, noma amehlo akhe ekhanya ngokungavamile kunamalungu omndeni noma izinhlanga. 

Le bhulogi ixoxa ngezici ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nobu-Albinism, izinhlobo zabo, izimbangela, nezindlela zokwelapha.

Kuyini I-Albinism?

I-Albinism iyiqembu lezifo ezitholakala ngofuzo lapho kukhiqizwa kancane noma kungabikho nhlobo ukukhiqizwa kwe-pigment melanin. Lokhu kushintsha umbala wesikhumba, izinwele, noma amehlo othintekayo. Lolu shintsho ekushintsheni kombala lwenzeka ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezikhiqiza i-melanin, ikhemikhali elawula umbala kumuntu. Lapho inani le-melanin liyanda, isikhumba siba mnyama. 

Abantu abane-Albinism banenani elincane ngokungavamile le-melanin emizimbeni yabo futhi banesikhumba somlotha, izinwele namehlo. Abantu abane-Albinism banamathuba amaningi okuthi bashiswe yilanga futhi babe nomdlavuza wesikhumba. 

Kukhona nezindaba ezihlobene nombono umuntu one-Albinism angase abhekane nazo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-Albinism?

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo ziholela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zobu-Albinism, njengalezi: 

I-Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA)

I-OCA ithinta isikhumba, izinwele, namehlo. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-1 uzoba ne-OCA eguquliwe. Ezinye ze-subtypes ze-OCA yizi:

OCA1

I-Albinism OCA1 ithinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin esikhumbeni, izinwele, namehlo. Kubangela ukuthi abantu babe nesikhumba esimhlophe ngokuphelele, izinwele ezimhlophe, namehlo akhanyayo ngenxa yokungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-pigment. 

I-OCA1a ne-OCA1b yizinhlobo ezingaphansi ze-OCA1. Uhlobo lwe-OCA1a luphawula ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-melanin. Abantu abanalolu hlobo oluncane banezinwele ezimhlophe, isikhumba esiphaphathekile, namehlo akhanyayo. I-albinism yohlobo lwe-OCA1b igcina ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, okuholela esikhumbeni, izinwele, namehlo anombala okhanyayo. Umbala ungase ube mnyama njengoba umuntu ekhula. 

OCA2

I-OCA2 ivamile ezizukulwaneni zase-Afrika kanye naboMdabu baseMelika. Abantu abanalolu hlobo lwe-Albinism bangaba nenani elincane lombala wesikhumba nezinwele futhi lokhu akunzima kakhulu kune-OCA1. Abantu abane-OCA2 bazalwa benezinwele ezingaba phuzi, zibe blonde, noma zibe nsundu ngokukhanyayo.

OCA3

Uhlobo lwe-OCA3 luvamise ukuphatha abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, ikakhulukazi abantu baseNingizimu Afrika. Abantu abane-OCA3 bangase babe nesikhumba esibomvu ngokubomvu, izinwele, namehlo ansundu noma ansundu.

OCA4

Uhlobo lwe-OCA4 luvame ukuvela kubantu bozalo lwaseMpumalanga Asia. Njenge-OCA2, ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin kuphansi, futhi izimpawu zicishe zifane ne-OCA2. 

I-Albinism yamehlo

Kuthinta amehlo kuphela hhayi isikhumba noma izinwele. Kwenza i-retina ne-iris yabantu abathintekile ibe mhlophe. Lokhu kuba-albinism kubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-chromosome engu-X yofuzo futhi kwenzeka cishe kwabesilisa kuphela.

I-Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome

Imibiko iphakamisa ukuthi lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu esifundeni sasePuerto Rico. I-Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome iyi-Albinism engavamile ebangelwa ukukhubazeka kofuzo olulodwa kweziyi-10 futhi ikhiqiza izimpawu ezifana ne-OCA. Abantu abanalesi sifo baba nezinkinga ezingokomzimba ezifana namaphaphu, amathumbu, nokuphazamiseka kwegazi.

I-Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Ngolunye uhlobo olungavamile lwe-Albinism olubonisa izimpawu ezifana ne-OCA. Iziguli ezine-Chediak-Higashi syndrome zingase zingathinteki kuzo zonke izindawo zesikhumba. Umbala wesikhumba ungaba mhlophe ngokukhilimu uye kompunga, kanti owezinwele ungase ube nsundu noma ube mhlophe ngokucwebezela kwesiliva. Abantu abanalesi sifo banesici esilinganisweni segazi elimhlophe okubabeka engcupheni yezifo ezihlukahlukene.

I-Griselli syndrome

I-Griscelli syndrome iwuhlobo lwe-Albinism oluyivelakancane kakhulu ngenxa yesici esisodwa sezakhi zofuzo ezintathu. Kwenzeka nge-Albinism futhi kubangela izinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba nezinzwa. Iziguli ezine-Griselli syndrome ngokuvamile zingase zife phakathi neshumi leminyaka lokuqala lokuphila, futhi akuvamile ukubikwa emhlabeni wonke.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Albinism?

Abantu abane-Albinism bangase babe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Isikhumba somlotha, izinwele, noma amehlo
• Isikhumba, izinwele, noma amehlo akhanya ngokungavamile
• Iziqephu zesikhumba zinebala elikhanyayo kunezinye izitho zomzimba.
• I-Albinism enenkinga yokubona ikhombisa izimpawu ezifana nalezi
• Aphambane amehlo
• I-Photophobia, noma ukuzwela ukukhanya
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo okungafuneki
• Ukungaboni kahle noma ukungaboni kahle

Yini Ebangela Ubu-Albinism?

I-Albinism yisifo sofuzo. Maningi amathuba okuthi uthole i-Albinism uma bobabili abazali bene-Albinism noma uma isakhi sofuzo sikhona kubazali bobabili.

Lapho isakhi sofuzo esikhiqiza i-melanin siba nesici, sibangela ubu-Albinism. I-melanin i-pigment eyenza isikhumba, amehlo nezinwele zibe nombala. Ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo kungase kuphumele ekumisweni ngokuphelele kokukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kwe-melanin noma ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwe-melanin.

Iningi labantu abane-Albinism lizuza kubazali babo, abangabathwali bofuzo kuphela futhi abangenazo izimpawu zalesi simo.

Ubona nini udokotela?

Abantu abane-Albinism bangaphila impilo yansuku zonke ngemisebenzi yangaphandle embalwa. Kodwa uma noma yikuphi ukungaphatheki kahle ngokomzimba kuphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele athintwe.

Cela isikhathi sokuhlangana e-Apollo Hospitals

Itholakala kanjani i-Albinism?

Ukuxilongwa okunembile kuhilela ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuthola izakhi zofuzo eziguquliwe ezihlobene nobu-Albinism.

I-Albinism ehlobene nokubona ingabuyekezwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-electroretinogram. Lokhu kuhlola kuthola ukusabela kwamaseli azwela ukukhanya ku-retina ukuthola izinkinga zamehlo ezihlobene ne-Albinism.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha i-Albinism?

Alikho ikhambi eliphelele le-Albinism. Ukwelashwa kungasiza ekudambiseni izimpawu futhi kuvimbele ukulimala kwelanga esikhumbeni. Umuntu angasebenzisa:

● Izibuko zelanga, izingubo zokuzivikela, nokuvikela ilanga ukuze kuvikelwe amehlo nesikhumba emisebeni ye-UV

● Gqoka izigqoko lapho uselangeni

● Ukuhlinzwa emisipha yamehlo ukuze amehlo anyakaze ngendlela efanele 

● Izibuko zamehlo ezingalungisa izinkinga zamehlo

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Ubu-Albinism abuthinti iminyaka yokuphila komuntu. Nokho, izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-Albinism, njenge-Chediak-Higashi syndrome, i-Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome kanye ne-Griselli syndrome, zenza kanjalo. Kungenxa yezinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nama-syndromes. Lezi syndromes zonke azivamile.

Labo abane-Albinism kungase kudingeke balinganisele imisebenzi yabo yangaphandle njengoba amehlo abo nesikhumba kuzwela elangeni. Imisebe ye-UV evela elangeni ingaholela eqhubekayo yomdlavuza wesikhumba kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono kwabambalwa abane-Albinism.

Isiphetho

I-Albinism yisimo sofuzo esingajwayelekile esingathinta ukuphila kwabantu nemindeni yabo ngokwengqondo, ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola usizo oludingekayo kochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze ubhekane nalesi sifo. 

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ingabe i-Albinism isakazeka isuka komunye iye komunye?

Cha. I-Albinism yisifo esiwufuzo futhi ayitheleleki.

Kungenzeka yini ukuvimbela ubu-Albinism?

Ubu-Albinism butholakala kubazali. Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi uma umuntu enomlando wobu-Albinism emndenini, ukubonana nomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo kungase kumsize ekutholeni izimpawu nezisombululo.

Ingabe i-Albinism iyabulala?

Ngokuvamile, ubu-Albinism abubulali. Kodwa ama-syndromes afana ne-Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome kanye nesifo se-Chediak-Higashi singabeka impilo engozini ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlobene.