Ukumpontshelwa Igazi- Okubalulekile, Izinhlobo, Izinzuzo kanye Nezingozi

Lapho isiguli sidinga igazi elengeziwe ukuze sisekele isimiso somzimba waso, inqubo ngokwezokwelapha ibizwa ngokuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi. Igazi noma izingxenye zegazi ezibalulekile, njengamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, noma ama-platelet, zingampontshelwa ngokuqondile emithanjeni yesiguli kusetshenziswa umugqa wokungena emthanjeni (IV). 

Ngokuvamile, umuntu udinga igazi eliningi lapho opha kakhulu ngenxa yengozi, ukopha phakathi nokuhlinzwa, noma ukugula okuthile.

Mayelana Nenqubo Yokumpontshelwa Igazi

Abantu abaningi banikela ngegazi njalo ezigulini ezidinga igazi ngokushesha. Leli gazi elinikelwe lidinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela ezikhwameni eziklanywe ngokukhethekile ezingeni lokushisa elithile. 

Lapho udokotela ethi isiguli simpontshelwe igazi, sinikezwa igazi ngokufaka inaliti emithanjeni yaso. Enye ingxenye yaleli shubhu ixhunywe egazini noma umkhiqizo wegazi oqukethe isikhwama . Khona-ke igazi lidlulela kancane lisuka esikhwameni liye ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi lwaleso siguli.

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Kungani Kudingeka Ukumpontshelwa Igazi?

Nazi izizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani ukumpontshelwa igazi kungase kudingeke.

1. Ukuhlinzwa: Kulahleka umthamo omkhulu wegazi phakathi nokuhlinzwa okukhulu, okufanele kushintshwe ngosizo lokumpontshelwa igazi ngokushesha.
2. I-anemia: Uma isiguli siphethwe acute i-anemia, inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi emizimbeni yabo lehla kakhulu ngaphansi kwamazinga avamile. Ngakho, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokusindisa ukuphila kwabo iwukudlulisela inqwaba yamangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazi emizimbeni yabo.
3. I-Cancer: Ngokuvamile, iziguli abanazo i-leukemia noma umdlavuza wegazi kungenzeka kakhulu uphathwe yi-anemia enzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi imisebe ngokuvamile iba nomthelela omubi emnkantsheni futhi inciphise amandla awo okukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngakho, ukumpontshelwa igazi ngesikhathi esifanele kungasindisa lezi ziguli ezinomdlavuza.
4. Ukopha kwangaphakathi: Ukulimala emgudwini wokugaya ukudla okubangelwa isilonda noma okunye ukuphazamiseka okungathi sína kokugaya ukudla kungase kubangele ukopha kakhulu. Ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi isiguli singase sidinge ukumpontshelwa igazi.
5. Ukulimala ngengozi: Lapho umuntu elimele kakhulu ngesikhathi sengozi, igazi eliningi liphuma emithanjeni yegazi ebhobokile. Ngakho, lowo muntu udinga ukumpontshelwa igazi ukuze avale lokho kulahleka kwegazi okukhulu.  
6. Isifo esibi kakhulu: Izifo ezithile zegazi, njengesifo se-sickle cell kanye ne-hemophilia, ngokuvamile zibangela i-anemia ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi okuqhubekayo. Ngakho, ukumpontshelwa igazi kungase kudingeke ukuze kusindiswe ukuphila kweziguli ezinjalo.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokumpontshelwa Igazi

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokumpontshelwa igazi. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

1. Ukumpontshelwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu: Lolu hlobo lokumpontshelwa igazi yilona oluvame kakhulu, njengoba abantu abahlushwa i-anemia noma ezinye izifo badinga kuphela ukushintshwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Amaseli abomvu egazi aqukethe elithwala umoya-mpilo, enikeza umbala obomvu wegazi futhi edingekayo ekuthwaleni umoya-mpilo. Zonke iziguli ezihlinzwa nazo zidinga ukumpontshelwa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuze zigcine amazinga e-hemoglobin avamile.
2. I-Platelet transfusion: Ama-platelet ayizingxenye zegazi ezibalulekile ezisiza umzimba ihluli ngokushesha futhi uvimbele ukopha kakhulu. Ukumpontshelwa kwe-platelet kuyadingeka ngokuyinhloko ekwelapheni iziguli ezinomdlavuza isibalo sazo samaplatelet ngokuvamile sehla ngaphansi kwezinga elijwayelekile .
3. Ukufakelwa kwe-Plasma: I-plasma noma ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi iqukethe amaprotheni anomthelela ekuhlulekeni kwegazi. I-Plasma ivamise ukuhlukaniswa kuzo zonke izinhlayiya zegazi futhi igcinwe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ongu-1 esimweni esiyiqhwa, iguqule ibe yi-cryoprecipitate. I-Plasmapheresis inqubo yokunikela nge-plasma, lapho i-plasma kuphela ihlukaniswa negazi, futhi izingxenye ezisele zegazi zibuyiselwa emzimbeni walowo onikelayo.

Izinzuzo Zokumpontshelwa Igazi

Lapho inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi lakho libuyela esimweni esivamile ngokumpontshelwa igazi, ungaqiniseka ukuthi uthola umoya-mpilo owanele emangqamuzaneni akho. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele nawo aqinisekisa inhliziyo enempilo.

• Njengoba isibalo esivamile samaplatelet sibalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukopha ngokweqile esilondeni, ukumpontshelwa kwe-platelet kungavimbela ukopha okungalawuleki .
• Ukumpontshelwa kwe-plasma kwama-cryoprecipitates nakho kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukopha lapho igazi lehluleka ukujiyisa ngokwemvelo.

Izingozi Ezihilelekile Enqubweni Yokumpontshelwa Igazi

Iziguli eziningi zithola a imfiva okungase kuqhubeke amahora angu-5 ngemva kokuphela kokumpontshelwa igazi. Bangase futhi babhekane nakho ubuhlungu besifuba, ukungakhululeki, nesicanucanu kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo liphezulu.

• Abanye abantu bangase bangezwani negazi elimpontshelwe noma ngabe iqembu legazi liyahambisana. Ngakho bangase baphathwe ukulunywa nokuqubuka emzimbeni njengengxenye yokungezwani komzimba phakathi noma ngokushesha ngemva kokumpontshelwa.
• Ukusabela okunamandla kwe-immune hemolytic kungase kwenzeke uma isimiso somzimba senqaba ukwamukela igazi elisanda kumpontshelwa. Khona-ke isiguli sizobhekana nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, njengemfiva, ephansi ukuhlungu obusemhlane, ukugodola, isicanucanu, nomchamo omnyama, kuze kube welashwa ngemithi.
• Ukusabela okubambezelekile kwe-hemolytic kungase kubonakale kamuva ngemva kokuba inqubo yokumpontshelwa isiphelile. Izimpawu zayo zicishe zifane nalezo ezitholakala esimweni sokusabela okunamandla kwe-immune hemolytic.
• Uma igazi lingahlolisiswa kahle ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa, isiguli singase singenwe ingculaza, iHepatitis B, hepatitis C, noma ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. I-Zika virus kanye negciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile nalo lingasakazwa ngegazi elimpontshelwe, nakuba izimo ezinjalo zenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic kungenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kwenqubo yokumpontshelwa, futhi kungase kubulale isiguli. Kungase kubangele ukuthi ubuso buvuvuke, bubangele umphimbo obuhlungu, izinkinga zokuphefumula, nokwehla ngokuzumayo ukushaya kwegazi Izinga.

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Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa (FAQs)

Imaphi amalungiselelo ongayilindela ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa igazi?

Uma kufanele umpontshelwe igazi, umhlengikazi uzohlola umfutho wegazi lakho, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, nezinga lokushisa lomzimba ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi unempilo. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bazophinde bahlole igazi lalowo onikelayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi liphephile yini emzimbeni wakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuqeda inqubo yokumpontshelwa igazi?

Inqubo yokumpontshelwa igazi' incike kumthamo wegazi okufanele limpontshelwe esigulini. Udokotela anganquma inani legazi okufanele linikezwe isiguli sakhe, ngokwezimo ezikhona manje zomuntu ompontshelwa igazi.

Ingabe ikhona enye indlela yokwelapha esikhundleni sokumpontshelwa igazi?

Eminye imithi ingasiza ekukhiqizweni kwegazi ngokushesha emzimbeni wakho. Nokho, ukulahlekelwa igazi eliningi kufanele kulandelwe ukumpontshelwa igazi ngokushesha; ngaphandle kwalokho, isiguli singase sibhekane nemiphumela emibi ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukuphila.