I-Arthroplasty (Ukuhlinzwa Kokubuyisela Ngokuhlanganyela): Ukubuyisela kanye Nemiphumela Eseceleni

Iyini i-Arthroplasty?

I-Arthroplasty yinqubo eyenziwa ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwelunga. Ilunga lingabuyiselwa ngokufaka kabusha amathambo, noma ilunga lokwenziwa (prosthesis) nalo lingase lisetshenziswe. 

Nakuba i-hip and knee arthroplasty ivame kakhulu, i-arthroplasty ingaphinda ilungise noma ibuyisele amanye amalunga emzimbeni, okuhlanganisa amahlombe, amaqakala, izindololwane neminwe. Ukushintshwa kwelunga eliphelele kuhilela ukuhlinzwa esikhundleni selunga eligulayo ngelunga lokwenziwa elibizwa ngokuthi i-prosthesis. Ngokwesibonelo, a amadolo ndawonye okuthintwa isifo samathambo kungase kushintshwe ngokuphelele—lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i- total knee arthroplasty. 

Ngenkathi i-arthroplasty yenziwa ukuze kubuyiselwe imisebenzi ehlangene ethintekile i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-osteonecrosis nokulimala kwamalunga, osteoarthritis (isifo samalunga esiwohlokayo) yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokwenza le nqubo. I-osteoarthritis ukulahlekelwa uqwanga noma umcamelo ohlangene. 

Kungani udinga i-arthroplasty?

I-Arthroplasty isetshenziswa lapho imithi nemithi yokwelapha ingabuqedi ubuhlungu obuhlangene nokukhubazeka ngempumelelo. Izindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa zezimo ezihlangene (noma i-osteoarthritis) ezingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kwe-arthroplasty zihlanganisa:

• Ukwelapha ngokomzimba 
• Ukunciphisa imisebenzi ebuhlungu 
• Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala
• Imithi yobuhlungu
• Imijovo ye-Cortisone ehlangene edolweni
• Imijovo ye-Viscosupplementation: lokhu kwengeza ukugcotshwa ejoyintini ukwenza ukunyakaza kwabo kungabi buhlungu
• Kuyasiza izinsiza ukuhamba (njengenduku)
• Ukuzivocavoca nokuzilungisa
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo (kubantu abakhuluphele)

Abantu abaye benza i-arthroplasty ngokuvamile banenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile kanye nokwenza ngcono ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke kanye nezinga lempilo.

Kungaba nezinye izizathu zokuthi udokotela wakho owelaphayo aphakamise i-arthroplasty. Sicela uhlole ukuhlinzwa kokubuyisela inqulu futhi ukuguqula amadolo ukuhlinzwa ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe.

Yiziphi ezinye izingozi ze-arthroplasty?

Njengoba noma iyiphi inqubo yokuhlinzwa inezinkinga, i-arthroscopy nayo inezinkinga ezimbalwa ezingase zibe khona. Ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona zingafaka:

1. Ukutheleleka 
2. ukopha
3. Ama-clots egazi emaphashini noma emilenzeni 
4. Ukuxegiswa kwezingxenye zokufakelwa

Kungase kube nezinye izinkinga kuye ngesimo sakho sempilo esithile. Qinisekisa ukuthi uxoxisana nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi okukukhathazayo ngaphambi kwenqubo.

Ngiyilungiselela kanjani i-arthroplasty?

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma udokotela olaphayo uzobuyekeza futhi akufundise ngenqubo futhi ungabuza noma yimiphi imibuzo mayelana nenqubo. Ukulungiselela inqubo yakho kungase kuhlanganise izinyathelo ezilandelayo: 

• Okokuqala, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokucela ukuthi usayine ifomu lemvume elinikeza imvume yakho yokwenza inqubo. Funda leli fomu ngokucophelela nangokuphelele. Tshela udokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezempilo uma kukhona okungacacile.
• Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba, ngaphezu komlando ophelele wezokwelapha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unempilo ngaphambi kwe-arthroplasty. Ungase wenze ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthile. Khuluma nodokotela/umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ungezwani noma uzwela kunoma iyiphi itheyiphu, i-latex, imithi kanye nama-ejenti okubulala izinzwa (okujwayelekile noma kwendawo).
• Yazisa udokotela wakho okwelaphayo noma umhlinzeki wezempilo ngayo yonke imithi (enqunyiwe kanye ne-counter-the-counter) kuhlanganise nanoma yiziphi izithasiselo zemithi ozithathayo.
• Kubalulekile ukuthi wazise udokotela wakho uma unomlando wokuphazamiseka ukopha. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazisa uma uthatha noma yiziphi izidakamizwa ezinciphisa igazi (anti-coagulant), i-aspirin noma eminye imithi ethinta ukujiya kwegazi. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase aphakamise ukuthi uyeke le mithi ngaphambi kwenqubo.
• Kufanele wazise umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ukhulelwe noma usola ukuthi ukhulelwe abakhulelwe.
• Kufanele uzile ukudla amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kwe-arthroplasty.
• Ungase unikezwe isilalisi ukuze usize uphumule ngaphambi kwenqubo.
• Ungase uhlangane ne-physiotherapist ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho ukuze uxoxe ngohlelo lwakho lokubuyisela
• Kuye ngesimo sakho sempilo, udokotela wakho angase acele okunye ukulungiswa okuqondile

Kuzokwenzekani ngesikhathi se-arthroplasty?

Ngokuvamile, inqubo ye-arthroplasty idinga ukuhlala esibhedlela. zingahluka kuye ngezinqubo zomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nesimo sakho sezempilo.

I-arthroplasty ingenziwa ngenkathi uphapheme ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yomgogodla noma ulele ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia evamile. Udokotela wakho obulala izinzwa angase axoxe nawe ngalokhu ngaphambi kwenqubo.

Ngokuvamile, i-arthroplasty ilandela inqubo elandelayo:

1. Uzohlinzekwa ngengubo yasesibhedlela ozoyigqoka
2. Ulayini we-IV (ofakwa emthanjeni) uzofakwa esandleni noma engalweni yakho
3. I-catheter yomchamo ingase ifakwe
4. Izinwele endaweni yokuhlinzwa zingagundwa uma kudingeka 
5. Uzobekwa etafuleni lokusebenza endaweni ehlinzeka ngokufinyelela okungcono kakhulu ejoyintini lakho elisetshenziswayo
6. Udokotela obulala izinzwa uzohlale eqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, umfutho wegazi, kanye amazinga e-oxygen egazini ngesikhathi senqubo.
7. Isixazululo se-antiseptic sisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza isikhumba phezu kwendawo yokuhlinzwa 
8. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokwenza ukusika/ukusika endaweni yelunga lakho
9. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzolungisa/asuse izingxenye ezilimele zelunga lakho
10. Ukusika/ukusika kuzovalwa ngemithungo noma ngokuyisisekelo sokuhlinza
11. Kuzofakwa ingubo eyinyumba noma ibhandishi

Lokubuyisela

Ukubuyisela kanye nokuvuselela kuzohluka kumuntu ngamunye. Ngokuvamile, udokotela wakho owelaphayo angafuna ukuthi usebenzise ilunga lakho 'elisha' ngemva nje kwenqubo. Nakuba kungase kube inselele ngezinye izikhathi, i-physiotherapy kanye nokunamathela eziqondisweni zikadokotela wakho owelaphayo kuzosheshisa ukululama kwakho.

Ukululama Esibhedlela

Ngokushesha ngemva kwenqubo yakho, uzoyiswa egumbini lokutakula ukuze ubhekwe. Ngokushesha nje lapho ukuphefumula kwakho, i-pulse kanye ukushaya kwegazi uzinzile, futhi uqaphile, uzodluliselwa egumbini lasesibhedlela. 

Ukuzivocavoca kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo lwakho lokululama. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwakho futhi ngesikhathi uhlala esibhedlela, umhlinzeki wakho womzimba uzohlela uhlelo lokuvuselela umzimba ukuze usize ukubuyisela ukunyakaza nokuqinisa ukujoyina. 

Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu endaweni ehlangene ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wakho ujwayela ilunga elisha, izicubu ezizungezile ziba buthakathaka ngenxa yokungasebenzi, futhi izicubu zizogcina ziphola. Ubuhlungu bakho bulawulwa ngemithi, ukuze ukwazi ukubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivocavoca - kokubili esibhedlela nangemuva kokukhishwa futhi.

Ukululama Ekhaya

Uma usubuyile ekhaya, udinga ukugcina indawo yokuhlinza ihlanzekile futhi yomile. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile yokugeza. Izithungo zakho noma okuyisisekelo sokuhlinza kuzosuswa ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho kokulandelela ehhovisi likadokotela.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha izidambisi zinhlungu njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho kuphela.  

Shayela udokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze ubike noma yikuphi kokulandelayo:

1. Ukopha noma okunye ukugeleza kwamanzi, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala okuvela endaweni yokusikwa
2. Fever noma amakhaza
3. Ukuluma kanye/noma ukuba ndikindiki emaphethelweni athintekile
4. Ukwanda kobuhlungu eduze kwendawo yokusikeka
5. Ungaqala ukudla kwakho okuvamile ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho eluleka ngenye indlela
6. Ungashayeli kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi shayela. 
7. Eminye imikhawulo yomsebenzi ingase isebenze

Uma unanoma yimiphi imibuzo mayelana nokulinganiselwa komsebenzi ngemva kokushintshwa okuphelele kwamalunga, thintana nodokotela wakho owelaphayo.

Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside Ye-Arthroplasty

Iningi leziguli lingenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke kalula kakhulu ngemuva kwe-arthroplasty noma izinqubo zokushintshwa okuhlanganyelwe. Ukwengeza, i-arthroplasty (noma i-joint replacement) ingahlala iminyaka eminingi kubantu abaningi ebanikeza izinga lempilo elithuthukisiwe elihlanganisa ubuhlungu obuncane nokunyakaza okuthuthukisiwe namandla obekungeke kwenzeke ngenye indlela.