Isifuba Somoya: Izinhlobo, Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Izingozi, Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa

I-asthma yisimo sokuphefumula esingamahlalakhona esibonakala ngokuvuvukala nokuncipha kwemigudu yokuphefumula, okungase kukhiqize amafinyila amaningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu baba nobunzima bokuphefumula, baqaphele imisindo ehefuzayo lapho bephefumula, futhi bathole ukuphefumula. Kungase futhi kubangele ukukhwehlela.

Izinhlobo Ze-Asthma

Isifuba somoya singaba yizinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuya ngobunzima baso kanye nezici eziyimbangela.

Ngokusekelwe kubukhulu, ingahlukaniswa ibe:

• Isikhawu esimaphakathi 
• Ukuphikelela okuncane
• Ukuphikelela okumaphakathi
• Ukuphikelela okukhulu

Ngokusekelwe ku-triggering factor, lesi simo esingamahlalakhona singaba yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• I-Bronchial: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi luthinta i-bronchi emaphashini.
• I-Alergic: Kubangelwa izifo ezifana ne-pet dander, ukudla, isikhunta, impova, njll.
• Okungaphakathi: Lolu hlobo lubangelwa izinto ezicasulayo emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo, njengentuthu kagwayi, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, iziqholo, ukungcoliswa komoya, njll.
• Okomsebenzi: Kubangelwa izinto ezivusa amadlingozi endaweni yokusebenza njengamagesi, amakhemikhali, uthuli, noma i-latex.
• Ebusuku: Njengoba igama liphakamisa, kulolu hlobo lwe-asthma, izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu ebusuku.
• Okuhlukile kokukhwehlela: Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okungapheli, okomile.
• Isizini: Lolu hlobo lwenzeka kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka noma ezimweni ezithile ezifana nomoya obandayo ebusika, impova ngesikhathi sotshani imfiva, Njll

Izinkinga Zesifuba Somoya

Isifuba somoya sinezakhi zofuzo kanye nengxenye yezemvelo. Ukuhlangana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili kubangela lesi sifo esingapheli. Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Uma oyedwa noma bobabili abazali bomuntu benesifuba somoya, baba sengozini kuso.
• Umlando omude wengane yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ungase ubangele lesi simo.
• Ukuhlangana njalo nezinto ezingezwani nomzimba kanye nezinto ezicasulayo kungadala isifuba somoya. Izifo ezivamile zasendlini zihlanganisa izibungu zothuli, amaprotheni ezilwane, insangu ephuma ezifuyweni ezifuywayo, intuthu enobuthi evela kubahlanzi basekhaya, izinhlamvu zesikhunta, upende, namaphela.
• Ukuchayeka kakhulu emoyeni obandayo nokomile kungase kubangele lesi simo. 
• Imizwa enamandla enjengokumemeza, ukuhleka, ukukhala, njll., nokucindezeleka kungabangela isifuba somoya.
• Kungase kuqaliswe ngenxa yezinto ezicasulayo zasemsebenzini njengamagesi, uthuli, noma intuthu yamakhemikhali.
• Izimo zemvelo ezi-smoggy, umswakama ophezulu, nokungcoliswa komoya okunamandla kuvame ukubangela ukwenzeka okuphezulu nokuphindeka.
• Ukubhema ugwayi nezinye izinhlobo zikagwayi ziholela engcupheni eyengeziwe yokuba nalesi simo.
• Izifo zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye inyumoniya vula i-flare-up.
• Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomzimba nokuzivocavoca kungase kubangele ukuhlaselwa.
• Ebuntwaneni babo, abafana banamathuba amaningi okuba nesifuba somoya kunamantombazane. Nokho, lapho abantu sebekhulile, abesifazane baba nalesi sifo kaningi kunabesilisa.
• Abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezikhuluphele ngokweqile noma abakhuluphele kunamathuba amaningi okuthi babe nalesi simo.
• Imithi ethile efana ne-aspirin, i-beta-blockers, i-naproxen (i-Aleve), ne-ibuprofen (i-Motrin IB, i-Advil, nabanye) ingase ibangele lesi simo. 
• Ama-preservatives nama-sulfite anezelwa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zeziphuzo nokudla okunjengezithelo ezomisiwe, izimfanzi, ubhiya, amazambane agayiwe, newayini.
• Isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD) yisimo lapho ama-asidi asuka esiswini abuyela emphinjeni.

Yiziphi Izingozi zayo?

Naphezu kwezimbangela eziningi ezibaluliwe zalesi simo, akukacaci kubacwaningi ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba nalesi simo kuyilapho abanye bengasitholi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici ezibeka engcupheni ezingakhuphula ingozi yokuba ne-asthma zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni walesi simo noma ukungezwani komzimba—abantu abanesihlobo segazi abanalesi simo, njengomzali noma ingane yakini.
• Izimo zokungezwani komzimba ezifana ne-allergenic rhinitis (isifo somkhuhlanenoma i-atopic dermatitis.
• Ukukhuluphala noma obese.
• Ukubhema nokuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi.
• Ukuchayeka kuntuthu wentuthu noma ezinye izinhlobo zokungcola.
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezibangela umsebenzi njengamakhemikhali asetshenziswa ukulungisa izinwele, ukulima nokukhiqiza.
• Ukuchayeka kuma-allergener.
• Ukuchayeka kuma-chemical irritants.
• Ukuchayeka emithini efana ne-aspirin, ama-NSAID.
• Izingane ezizalwa ezinesisindo esiphansi zinethuba elikhulu lokuba nalesi simo.
• Izifo zokuphefumula.
• Isimo sezulu.
• Ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile.

Ukwenyuka kwenani labantu basemadolobheni kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokwanda kwezigameko kanye nokusabalala kwesifuba somoya.

Izimpawu

Kunezimpawu ezine eziyinhloko zesifuba somoya. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Isikhukhula
• Ukuhefuzela ngokukhipha umoya (umsindo womlozi ophezulu ngenxa yokugeleza komoya oneziyaluyalu emigwaqweni yomoya emincane).
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Umuzwa oqinile esifubeni.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-asthma zihlanganisa

• Ukukhwehlela okuba kubi kakhulu ebusuku.
• Izimpawu ngokuvamile ziyi-episodic, futhi abantu bangahamba isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu.
• Izimbangela ezivamile zezimpawu ze-asthmatic zihlanganisa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingezwani (izibungu zothuli, izilwane ezifuywayo, isikhunta, amaphela, nempova), izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, nokuzivocavoca.
• Izimpawu eziningi ngokuvamile azicacisi futhi zibonakala nakwezinye izimo. 
• Izimpawu ezingase ziphakamise izimo ngaphandle kwesifuba somoya ubukhona bezimpawu ezihambisanayo (njengokuthi palpitations, ukungakhululeki kwesifuba, ukukhathala, nokuba nekhanda elilula), uphawu olusha oluqala ebudaleni, nokuntula impendulo emithini efanelekile yesifuba somoya.
• Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula elikhuphukayo, nomzamo odingekayo wokuphefumula.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemisipha yesisekeli ukuphefumula ngemisindo yokuphefumula enciphile.
• ngezansi izinga elijwayelekile le-oxygen emzimbeni womuntu. Izinga eliphansi le-oxygen egazini liwuphawu oluyingozi olubonisa ukwehluleka ukuphefumula.
• Ukufutheka
• Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwamaphaphu.
• Ubunzima bokulala ngenxa yezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla. 

Kwabanye abantu, izimpawu zesifuba somoya zingase zibe zimbi nakakhulu, noma ukuqubuka kungase kwenzeke kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuqina okuphezulu noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile. 
• Ukuchayeka kumagesi acasulayo, isisi samakhemikhali, noma uthuli ngenxa yezimo zomsebenzi.
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingezwani nezifo ezifana nempova, isilwane esifuywayo, izinhlamvu, njll.

Uyombona Nini Udokotela?

Kubantu abaningi, isifuba somoya asibi kakhulu noma sinzima. Nakuba lesi sifo singenalo ikhambi, silawuleka kalula ngezinguquko ezithile zendlela yokuphila namathiphu okuphatha, okuvumela abantu ukuba baphile impilo enhle nempilo enempilo. Nakuba abantu abaningi bebhekana nokuqubuka okuncane ngezikhathi ezithile, ezinye izimo zidinga ukuvakashela udokotela, ngokuvamile ngenxa yesimo esiphuthumayo. Noma yikuphi ukubambezeleka ekufuneni ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zesifuba somoya kungase kube yingozi empilweni:

• Uma ubhekene nokuphelelwa umoya lokho kuba kubi ngokushesha.
• Uma ungazizwa ukhululekile ngisho nangemva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler.
• Uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula kanzima ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. 

Bhukha I-aphoyintimenti. 

Shayela ku-1860-500-1066 ukuze ubhuke i-aphoyintimenti.

Ezinye izimo ezenza kudingeke ukuthi uvakashele udokotela wakho zihlanganisa:

• Uma uyisiguli se-asthmatic.
• Ukuze uhlole isimo sakho se-asthmatic ngemva kokuxilongwa.
• Uma ubona i-asthma yakho iba nzima kakhulu.
• Ukuze ubuyekeze ukwelashwa kwakho.

Izinkinga Zesifuba Somoya

Isifuba somoya siyisifo esingelapheki, futhi sizohlala nawe. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, ezinye zezinkinga ongahlangabezana nazo yilezi:

• Inkinga yokulala ngenxa yokuhefuzela nokukhwehlela.
• Ukulova esikoleni, ekolishi, noma emsebenzini ngenxa yokuqubuka komlilo.
• Imiphumela emibi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-inhalers nemithi. 

Sihlonzwa Kanjani Isifuba Somoya?

Ukuxilongwa kwesifuba somoya ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe emlandweni wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba. Abantu abanalesi simo nabo bavame ukuba nomlando ongapheli we-rhinitis ye-allergic, i-allergies, ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, nobunzima bokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma lapho ulele phansi. Uma lezi zimo ziqedwa ngemithi, kukhombisa ukuthi umuntu uphethwe yisifuba somoya. 

Ezinye izinqubo zokuxilonga ezisiza ekuxilongeni zihlanganisa:

• I-Spirometry: Isetshenziselwa ukukala ukusebenza kwephaphu njengoba umuntu ephefumula epayipini. Uma ukusebenza kwamaphaphu omuntu kuba ngcono ngemva kokuphathwa kwe-bronchodilator efana ne-albuterol, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifuba somoya. 

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokusebenza kwamaphaphu akukhiphi ukuthi kungenzeka lesi simo.

• Isilinganiso se-nitric oxide ekhishwe umoya (FeNO): Kwenziwa ngokuzivocavoca okulula kokuphefumula. Amazinga anyusiwe e-nitric oxide ekhishwe umoya asikisela ukuvuvukala “okungezwani nomzimba”, okubonakala kusifuba somoya.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kwe-aeroallergener evamile: Ukuba khona kokuzwela kokungezwani nemvelo kwandisa amathuba okuba nesifuba somoya. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuyasiza ukuthola ukungezwani nezinto zemvelo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwenselelo ye-Methacholine: Lokhu kuhlola kuthola ukusabela okukhulu kwendlela yomoya. Ukuthambekela kwamashubhu okuphefumula ukuncipha ekuphenduleni izinto ezicasulayo kubizwa ngokuthi yi-hyper-responsiveness.
• I-Sputum eosinophils: Lona omunye umaka we "iguliswa” ukuvuvukala okubonwa ezimeni ezingelapheki njengesifuba somoya.
• Isithombe sesifuba: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-imaging okungase kubonise i-hyperinflation futhi kusize ukukhipha ezinye izimo, njengokuhlolwa kwenhliziyo, nakho kuyasetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kusiza ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zesifuba somoya. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ukwazi izinga le-antibody (IgE) noma amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-eosinophils ahlotshaniswa ne-allergies noma isifuba somoya sangaphandle.

Ukwelashwa Kwesifuba Somoya

Njengoba i-asthma ingelapheki, izinhloso zokwelashwa kwe-asthma zihlanganisa:

• Ukulawulwa okwanele kwezimpawu.
• Nciphisa izici zokubangela.
• Gcina ukusebenza kwamaphaphu okuvamile.
• Gcina umsebenzi ojwayelekile kanye nezinga lempilo.
• Imithi enqunyiwe kufanele ibe nemiphumela emibi emincane.

Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo ngokuvamile kuhilela imithi yesikhathi eside, usizo lokuqala noma ukukhulula ngokushesha, ukuvivinya umzimba ukuphefumula, namakhambi asekhaya. Ngokuya ngesimo sakho, impilo yonke, iminyaka yobudala, kanye nezici ze-trigger, udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokwelapha lwe-asthma yakho.

Izigaba ezihlukahlukene zemithi zisetshenziswa njengemithi, futhi lezi zingahlukaniswa zibe yimithi yesikhathi eside kanye nemithi yokukhulula ngokushesha. 

Ama-ejenti aqeda ukuvuvukala aphumelela kakhulu yi-inhalation corticosteroids (ICS) futhi athathwa njengomugqa wokuqala. I-ICS ibonwa njengesebenza kahle kakhulu ekwehliseni ingozi yokwanda kwesifuba somoya. Inhlanganisela ye-ICS kanye ne-bronchodilator esebenza isikhathi eside (LABA) inomthelela omkhulu onenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni ukulawulwa kwesifuba somoya.

Imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu kulesi simo yilena:

• Ama-bronchodilator asebenza isikhathi esifushane (Albuterol) asiza ukunikeza ukukhululeka okusheshayo futhi angasetshenziswa kanye nezimpawu ezibangelwa ukuzivocavoca.
• I-steroids ehogeliwe (budesonide, fluticasone, mometasone, beclomethasone, flunisolide, ciclesonide) iwumugqa wokuqala wokwelapha wokulwa nokuvuvukala.
• Ama-bronchodilator asebenza isikhathi eside (i-formoterol, i-salmeterol, i-vilanterol) ayengezwa ku-ICS njengokwelashwa okungeziwe.
• I-leukotriene modifiers zafirlukast, (montelukast, zileuton) isebenza njengama-anti-inflammatory agents.
• Ama-Anticholinergic agents (ipratropium bromide, tiotropium) angasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwesikhwehlela.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Anti-IgE (omalizumab) kungasetshenziswa ohlotsheni lwe-allergic.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Anti-IL5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab) kungasetshenziswa ku-asthma ye-eosinophilic.
• Ama-Chromones (i-cromolyn, nedocromil) azinzisa amaseli e-mast (amangqamuzana angezwani nomzimba) kodwa awavamile ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yomtholampilo.
• I-Theophylline isiza ku-bronchodilation (evula imigudu yomoya) kodwa ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa emtholampilo ngenxa yephrofayili yomphumela ongemuhle.
• I-Systemic steroids (i-prednisone, i-prednisolone, i-methylprednisolone [i-Solu-Medrol, i-Medrol, i-dexamethasone) imithi eqeda ukuvuvukala esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuqubuka kodwa inemiphumela emibi eminingi.
• Amasosha omzimba e-Monoclonal azotholakala phakathi neminyaka embalwa ezayo ukwelapha lesi simo.
• immunotherapy noma ukungezwani komzimba kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ezinhlotsheni zokungezwani komzimba nesimo.
• Imithi ivame ukuphathwa nge-inhaler noma isisombululo se-nebulizer. Ukuyeka ukubhema noma ukunciphisa ukuchayeka ekubhemeni kubalulekile ekwelapheni isifuba somoya. Ukwelapha izimo ezifana ne-allergenic rhinitis nesifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (I-GERD) kuthuthukisa ukulawula izimpawu. Imithi yokugoma Umkhuhlane kanye nenyumoniya kunikezwa ukuvimbela ukwanda.
• Nakuba iziguli eziningi ezine-asthma ziphathwa njengeziguli zangaphandle, ukukhushulwa okukhulu kulawulwa emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo. Lezi ziguli zidinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, ukuphathwa kwe-systemic steroids, ama-bronchodilator njengesisombululo se-nebulize. Iziguli ezinemiphumela emibi zithunyelwa kuchwepheshe (i-pulmonologist noma i-allergist).

Nakuba ezinye zalezi zisetshenziswa isikhathi esifushane, ezinye ziyimithi yesikhathi eside okudingeka iphuzwe nsuku zonke ukuvimbela izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-corticosteroids ehogeliwe, ama-leukotriene modifiers, ama-beta-agonists, ama-inhalers ayinhlanganisela, ne-theophylline.

Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha/yosizo lokuqala yizidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokushesha, ukukhululeka kwesikhashana ezimpawini zesifuba somoya. Lokhu kungase futhi kunconywe udokotela ukuba athathwe ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca noma imisebenzi enzima. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-nebulizer kanye nama-inhalers okusindisa akusiza ukuthi uhogele imithi ijule emaphashini akho ngesikhathi sokuqubuka. Ama-bronchodilator asiza ukukhulula imisipha yamaphaphu akho eqinile. Ama-anti-inflammatories asiza ukukhomba futhi alwe nokuvuvukala emaphashini akho.

Izivivinyo zokuphefumula ziwusizo kakhulu ekulawuleni isifuba somoya esikhathini eside. Lezi zivivinyo zikusiza ukuthi ukhiphe umoya omningi emaphashini akho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuvivinya umzimba kokuphefumula kusiza ukwandisa umthamo wamaphaphu futhi kulwe nezimpawu ezinzima zesifuba somoya. 

Amakhambi asekhaya: Amanye amakhambi asekhaya ayasebenza ekudambiseni izimpawu ekukhuleni futhi angase abe usizo. Ikhofi namatiye ane-caffeine asiza ukuvula imigudu yokuphefumula futhi adambise izimpawu kuze kube amahora amane. Ukuhogela amafutha abalulekile, njenge-eucalyptus, i-lavender, i-basil, nakho kuyasiza ekudambiseni izimpawu zakho.

Amakhambi Asekhaya E-Asthma

Amakhambi amaningi asekhaya angasiza ekulawuleni isifuba somoya wakho. Amanye amakhambi asebenzayo afaka:

• I-Ginger: Sika i-ginger ibe yizicucu ezincane bese uyifaka emanzini abilayo. Vumela ukuthi ihlale imizuzu emihlanu. Yiphuze ngemva kokuphola.
• Amafutha e-mustard: Shisisa amafutha e-mustard nge-camphor encane. Ngemva kokuphola, yihlikihle esifubeni.
• Amakhiwane: Cwilisa amakhiwane ama-3 emanzini ubusuku bonke. ekuseni, udle amakhiwane, uphuze amanzi;
• Ugaliki: Ubilise ama-clove kagalikhi angu-3 engilazini yobisi, bese uwaphuza ngemva kokuphola.
• Ikhofi: Ikhofi iyi-bronchodilator enkulu.

Ungasivikela Kanjani Isifuba Somoya? 

Isifuba somoya asikwazi ukuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ziningi izindlela zokuyiphatha kanye nokuyivimba ukuthi ingabhebhetheki ibe yisiqephu esibucayi, esibeka impilo engcupheni. Udokotela wakho noma i-pulmonologist izokwenzela uhlelo lokuphatha oluzofaka lezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela ezilandelayo:

• Landela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-asthma: Ngosizo lukadokotela wakho kanye nethimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo, thatha imithi oyinikezile ukuze ulawule ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya. Kuyisifo esiqhubekayo esidinga ukuqashwa njalo nokwelashwa.
• Gonyelwa umkhuhlane kanye nenyumoniya: Imijovo yomkhuhlane kanye nenyumoniya inikezwa ukuvimbela ukuqubuka.
• Khomba futhi ugweme izibangeli: Izifo eziningana nezinto ezicasulayo kusukela kumpova kuya ekungcolisweni komoya kuzodala ukuhlasela.
• Gada ukuphefumula kwakho: Imitha yokugeleza kokuphakama kwekhaya isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa nokuqopha ukugeleza komoya okuphezulu. Ukukhwehlela, ukuhefuzela, noma ukuphelelwa umoya kubonakala njengezimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuhlasela, futhi kufanele kuthathwe isinyathelo ngokushesha.
• Khomba futhi welaphe ukuhlaselwa kusenesikhathi: Umuntu mancane amathuba okuthi ahlaselwe kakhulu uma ukuhlaselwa kutholakala futhi kwelashwa kusenesikhathi. Uma izilinganiso zokugeleza okuphezulu kwakho zincipha, kuyisexwayiso sokuhlasela okuzayo. Thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyaliwe futhi umise ngokushesha noma yimuphi umsebenzi okungenzeka ubangele ukuhlaselwa. Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki, thola usizo lwezokwelapha njengoba kuqondiswe ohlelweni lwakho lwesenzo.
• Thatha imithi njengoba uyalelwe: Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zakho zibonakala ziba ngcono, ungalokothi ushintshe umuthi ngaphandle kombono kadokotela. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuphatha imithi kukho konke ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha ukuze udokotela azohlola kabili ukusetshenziswa kwemithi futhi akusize uphuze imithi efanele.
• Naka ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwe-inhaler ekhulula ngokushesha: Uma umuntu ebona ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-inhaler esheshayo, njenge-albuterol, kubonisa ukuthi i-asthma ayilawulwa. Udokotela wakho uzolungisa ukwelashwa.

Izinyathelo Okufanele Zithathwe Ngesikhathi Sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19

Abantu abanokugula kuthiwa basesigabeni esiyingozi kakhulu Covid-19. Njengoba zombili lezi zifo ziyizimo zokuphefumula, i-COVID-19 ingadala ukugula okubalulekile futhi okunzima kubantu abaphethwe isifuba somoya. Ngakho-ke abantu abanalesi simo sokuphefumula okungapheli badinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo ukuze bazivikele ku-COVID-19:

• Hlala ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuchayeka.
• Thenga izinto zakho zokwelapha.
• Gcina ibanga lokuxhumana nabanye nsuku zonke.
• Ziqhelelanise nabanye abagulayo.
• Hlanza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi noma usebenzise izibulali magciwane ezisekelwe etshwaleni. 
• Uma othile ekhaya lakho egula, bahlukanise nomndeni wonke ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-COVID-19.
• Hlanza futhi ubulale amagciwane izinto ezithintwa njalo nguwe noma umndeni wakho. Uma kungenzeka, yiba nomuntu ongenaso isifuba somoya ukuthi enze umsebenzi wokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane ekhaya. 
• Hlanza futhi ubulale amagciwane izindawo ezinjengamafoni, okokulawula kude, amatafula, izibambo zeminyango, amaswishi okukhanya, othawulayo, izibambo, amadeski, amakhibhodi, izindlu zangasese, ompompi, nosinki nsuku zonke. 
• Ungabelani ngezinto zasendlini ezifana nezinkomishi namathawula.

Kanye nokuthatha lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha, kufanele futhi unamathele ohlelweni lwakho lwesifuba somoya oluhlelwe udokotela wakho nethimba lezempilo, okuhlanganisa:

• Qhubeka nemithi yakho yamanje, kuhlanganise nanoma yiziphi izihogela ezine-steroids (noma i-corticosteroids) kuzo. 
• Ungayeki noma yimiphi imithi noma ushintshe uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho owelaphayo.
• Xoxa nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho.
• Yazi indlela yokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho.
• Gwema noma yiziphi izinto ezingase zibangele.
• Imizwa enamandla edalwe yi-COVID-19 ingavusa ukuhlasela. Thatha izinyathelo zokubhekana nokucindezeleka kwakho futhi ukukhathazeka. Shayela udokotela wakho ukuze azi ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nokwesaba kwakho.

Isiphetho

Isifuba somoya siyisimo esivame kakhulu esingamahlalakhona. Kuyisifo lapho imigudu yomoya ivuvukala, futhi amashubhu bronchial incane ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila, futhi imisipha iyafinyela yenza ukuphefumula okuvamile kube nzima. Kwabanye, kungaba ubunzima obuncane, kanti kwabanye, kungaholela ekuhlaselweni kwesifuba somoya esisongela ukuphila.

Lesi simo esingamahlalakhona idinga ukuxilongwa kwezokwelapha futhi yelapheka ngokuphelele ochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukukhwehlela, nokuhefuzela. Ukuqubuka kwezimpawu kuvamile ezigulini ezine-asthmatic. Ngezinhlelo ezifanele zesenzo sesifuba somoya kanye nemithi efika ngesikhathi, isifuba somoya singalawuleka ngokuphumelelayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukuphendulwa

Ngingazigwema kanjani izimbangela ze-asthma?

Nazi ezinye izindlela ongagwema ngazo izibangeli:

• Ukusebenzisa i-air conditioner ukunciphisa inani lezinto eziphathwayo emoyeni.
• Ukususa ukungcola nokugcina ikhaya lakho nendawo ekuzungezile kuhlanzekile futhi kuhlanzekile.
• Ukugcina umswakama ophezulu ngosizo lwe-dehumidifier.
• Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezinhlamvu zesikhunta ngokuhlanza izindlu zakho zokugeza njalo.

Lilinganisa kanjani izinga lokugeleza eliphakeme?

Ungakwazi ukulinganisa kalula izinga lakho lokugeleza kokuphelelwa umoya (i-PEFR) ngamadivayisi aphathwayo afana nemitha yokugeleza ephezulu. Lo mshini uzokala amandla amaphaphu akho okuphusha umoya kuwo. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokweluleka mayelana nohlobo lwemitha yokugeleza kwamanzi ozoyisebenzisa.

Yimiphi eminye imiphumela emibi kakhulu yama-bronchodilator?

Ukwethuka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukundindizela, kanye nobuhlungu bekhanda obuvamile eminye imiphumela emibi emikhulu yama-bronchodilator kanye nemithi yokwelapha yesifuba somoya ekhulula ngokushesha. Le miphumela engemihle iba yimbi uma isetshenziswa ngomlomo kunaleyo ehogelwe.