Ukuqonda Ukubambezeleka Kokuthuthukiswa Komhlaba (GDD) Ezinganeni

Uhlolojikelele

Njengoba izingane ezisacathula zikhula, ngokuvamile ziba namakhono ayisisekelo emisipha nezenhlalo njengokuhlala, ukugingqika, ukukhasa, ukuhamba, ukubhibhidla (ukudala imisindo yenkulumo yokuqala), ukukhuluma, nokuqeqeshwa endlini yangasese. 

Ingane Enokubambezeleka Kokukhula ingase ithathe isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuthuthukisa lawa makhono.

Kuyini Ukubambezeleka Kwentuthuko Yomhlaba Wonke?

Ukubambezeleka Kokuthuthukiswa, okuvame ukwaziwa njenge-GDD, kungaphezu nje kokuba 'ngemuva kancane' endaweni ethuthukayo. Ukubambezeleka okuncane noma kwesikhashana ekuhlangabezaneni nezigaba zentuthuko ngokuvamile akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka. Nokho, lapho ingane ithatha isikhathi eside kunezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo ukufeza ingqopha-mlando ethile yentuthuko ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kubizwa ngokuthi “ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke.” Kubhekiselwa ezinsaneni kanye nabafundi basenkulisa abafika eminyakeni emi-5 ababonisa ukubambezeleka okuthatha okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izinto ezifana nokulibaziseka kokufunda ukuhamba nokukhuluma, kanye nokuthuthuka kancane kwamakhono okunyakaza aqinile namahle kanye nokuxhumana okungalungile komphakathi.

Cela isikhathi sokuhlangana e-Apollo Hospitals

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-GDD?

Kunezinhlobo ezine zokulibaziseka kokukhula ezinganeni:

Ukulibaziseka kwengqondo – Ukulibaziseka kwengqondo kubhekisela ekuphazamisekeni kokusebenza kwengqondo kwengane kanye nokuqwashisa okuphelele ngendawo ezungezile. Izingane ezinokulibaziseka kwengqondo zibhekene nobunzima bokufunda izifundo ezintsha. Izingane ezinjalo zikuthola kunzima ukuxhumana nokudlala nezinye izingane ezingontanga yazo.

Ukulibaziseka kwemisipha – Ikhono lengane lokuhlanganisa imisipha eyahlukahlukene emzimbeni wayo, njengezingalo, imilenze, nezandla, linquma amakhono engane okunyakaza. Izinsana ezinezimo ezilibazisekayo zivame ukuthola kunzima ukugoba noma ukukhasa. Izingane ezithintekile zingase zithole kunzima ukuhamba phezulu naphansi kwezitebhisi. Izingane ezinezimo ezilibazisekayo ezincane zizothola ubunzima ekubambeni amathoyizi, izinto kanye nokwenza izenzo ezifana nokuxubha amazinyo noma ukubopha izicathulo zazo.

Ukubambezeleka Komphakathi, Kokuziphatha kanye Nokwemizwa – Izingane ezinezinkinga zokuziphatha kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula zivame ukuba nezinkinga zenhlalo, ngokomzwelo kanye nokuziphatha. Izingane ezinalesi simo zivame ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuze ubuchopho bazo bukhule ngokugcwele, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izingane ezinjalo zingase zibonakale sengathi zisilele ngemuva kontanga yazo maqondana nekhono lokufunda kanye nokuxhumana nabantu.

Ukwephuza ukukhuluma – Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo okuthinta izingane ezinezinkinga zokunyakaza komlomo eziphazamisa ukukhuluma, njengobuthakathaka emisipheni yomlomo noma inkinga yokunyakaza kolimi noma umhlathi. Izimbangela zomzimba ezifana nokulimala kobuchopho kanye nezifo zofuzo ziyizizathu ezaziwayo zalokhu kwephuza ukukhuluma.

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-GDD ezinganeni?

Ingane kufanele iqale ukufinyelela amakhono ayo okuthuthuka eminyakeni ethile. Isibonelo: ingane ingaqala ukugingqa futhi inyakaze okuhambisana nayo ezinyangeni ezine noma ezinhlanu noma mhlawumbe ngaphambi noma ngemva kwalokho. Kodwa uma umntwana engakwazi ukuginqika ukudlula ingqopha-mlando echaziwe, noma engakwazi ukumisa amakhanda akhe phezulu noma “engabhibhi”, kungase kube izimpawu zokuqala zokubambezeleka kwentuthuko yomhlaba wonke. 

Nalu uhlu lokuhlola oluzosiza ukuqhathanisa ukukhula kwengane yakho nezinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokukhula:

3 - 4 izinyanga:

• Umntwana kufanele aphendule imisindo emikhulu
• Kufanele abhayize futhi alingise imisindo

Izinyanga eziyi-7:

• Umntwana kufanele aqale ukuphendula imisindo

1 unyaka:

• Umntwana kufanele aqale ukusebenzisa amagama alula njengokuthi 'mama'

Iminyaka engu-2:

• Umntwana kufanele akwazi ukukhuluma amagama angu-15 noma ngaphezulu.
• Kufanele ikwazi ukukhuluma imishwana, ngokuvamile amagama amabili ngaphandle kokulingisa noma ukuphinda amanye
• Kufanele ngokuvamile baxhumane nezidingo zabo ngenkulumo kunezenzo.

Ubona nini udokotela?

Zimbalwa izingane zivame ukweqa uhla olujwayelekile lokukhula uma kuziwa ekufinyeleleni amaqophamlando athile. Ezimweni eziningi lokhu kungase kungabi imbangela yokukhathazeka. Nokho, uma ingane yakho ingakwazi ukwenza izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ngesikhathi esilindelekile, kuyatuseka ukuthintana nochwepheshe bezingane noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo e-Apollo ukuze uthole umbono.

Cela isikhathi sokuhlangana e-Apollo Hospitals

Shayela ku- 1860-500-1066 ukuze ubhukhe i-aphoyintimenti

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-GDD ezinganeni?

Izici ezinomthelela ekubambezelekeni kokukhula zingase zibe ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwengane, phakathi nenqubo yokuzalwa noma ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Izimo zofuzo njenge-Down syndrome
• I-trauma noma i-shaken baby syndrome kanye Isimo Sokucindezeleka Esicindezelayo Sokuthunyelwa
• Ukuphazamiseka komzimba
• Izifo
• Ukuncishwa ukudla noma indawo ezungezile

Kunezimo ezithile lapho imbangela yokubambezeleka ingase ingabonakali.

Kunezizathu eziningi zokubambezeleka ekuhambeni , ukukhasa , ukugingqika , okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Izimo zofuzo ezifana ne-Down syndrome noma ukuqina kwemisipha
• Ukungaboni kahle noma ukuzwa
• Ukungondleki
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma ukunganakwa
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokubeletha

Ukubambezeleka Kokuthuthukiswa Kolimi Nenkulumo

Izinkinga zolimi nenkulumo ziwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokubambezeleka kwentuthuko. 

 Izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zingabangela ukubambezeleka kolimi nenkulumo, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
• Ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukunganakwa kwezingane
• Inkinga ngemisipha elawula inkulumo - ukuphazamiseka okubizwa ngokuthi i-dysarthria
• Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa
• Autism ukuphazamiseka kwe-spectrum 

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha noma izindlela zokwelapha ze-GDD?

Izingane ezinokulibaziseka kokukhula zingadinga izindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa ezifana nokwelashwa kokukhuluma nolimi, ukwelapha ngokomzimba nokwelashwa komsebenzi. 

Izingane ezine-GDD nazo zinikezwa imfundo ekhethekile evame kakhulu, echazwe kahle futhi ewusizo. Udokotela wakho noma udokotela wezingane e-Apollo angaphakamisa indlela yokwelashwa efanele yengane yakho. 

Ungayivimbela kanjani i-GDD?

Ukubambezeleka Kwentuthuko Yomhlaba Wonke kungavinjelwa abazali abalandela indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwengane isencane kubalulekile, njengoba ezinye izinto ezingavamile zokuzalwa kwengane zixhunyaniswa nokubambezeleka kokukhula, izinkinga ezingokomzwelo nezokuziphatha, kanye nobunzima bokufunda. 

Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ingane, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhuthaza ukukhulelwa okunempilo ngokugcina ukudla okunempilo kanye nendlela yokuphila. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okuthi ingane yakho ibe nokukhubazeka. Zihlole njalo ngesikhathi ukhulelwe futhi ucele udokotela wakho e-Apollo ukuze akunike amathiphu nesiqondiso sokuthuthukisa impilo yakho. 

Inothi elivela ezibhedlela ze-Apollo/Amaqembu e-Apollo

Kunconywa ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wezingane e-Apollo uma uthola ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zokubambezeleka kokukhula komhlaba wonke. Udokotela uzosho inkambo engcono kakhulu kuwe nengane yakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa (FAQs)

Kungenzeka yini ukuba ingane inqobe ukubambezeleka kokukhula komhlaba wonke?

Izingane zinganqoba izinselele ezithile ezilethwa i-GDD, kodwa imiphumela embalwa yesimo ingase ihlale phakathi nokukhula kwazo. Ngosizo lukadokotela wakho we-Apollo, ungafunda ukuthi ungazifundisa kanjani izingane zakho ukuphatha le mikhawulo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izimpilo zazo azithintwa kabi yilesi simo. 

Kuvame kangakanani ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke?

Ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko kuvamile ezinganeni. Okungenani u-10-15% wezingane ezifunda enkulisa kuthiwa zinokubambezeleka kokukhula. Kodwa ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke kutholakala kuphela ku-1 kuya ku-3% wezingane eziya enkulisa. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuhlolwa okuvamile ngudokotela noma uma kukhonjwa abazali noma abasenkulisa.

Ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kokulibaziseka kwentuthuko kanye ne-autism?

Nakuba izingane ezine- autism zingase zibe nokulibaziseka kokukhula, lokho kulibaziseka kungabangelwa nezinye izici.