Hlala Ubheke I-Glaucoma

Minyaka yonke, i-World Glaucoma Week igujwa ngesonto lesibili likaNdasa ukuze kuqwashiswe ngeqembu lezifo ezithinta amehlo ezidala umonakalo oqhubekayo emthanjeni weso okuholela ekulahlekelweni ukubona futhi uma kungelashwa, kuholela ebumpumputheni. ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kulo nyaka, ingqikithi yeviki ithi 'Beat Invisible Glaucoma' (BIG). I-glaucoma ivamise ukuhlotshaniswa nokwenyuka komfutho wamehlo lapho uketshezi (i-aqueous humour) engxenyeni engaphambili yeso lungakwazi ukuphuma ngokukhululeka.

I-glaucoma iyimbangela eyinhloko yobumpumputhe obungenakuguqulwa emhlabeni wonke, kodwa ngokuvamile ihlala ingenazimpawu kuze kube yilapho iba nzima kakhulu. Yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi 'isela elithule lokubona'.

Izibalo zase-India zembula ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-11.2 bathintwa yilesi sifo kanti izinga labantu abanesifo se-glaucoma elingatholakalanga lingama-90% uma liqhathaniswa nama-40-60% emazweni athuthukile. Kunokwentuleka okukhulu kolwazi ngalesi sifo ezweni kanti ngesikhathi isiguli sibona ukuthi sinenkinga yamehlo, umthambo wamehlo ulimala ngendlela engeke isakwazi ukulungiseka.

I-glaucoma ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

I-glaucoma eyinhloko evulekile I-glaucoma eyinhloko evaliwe I-glaucoma yesibili ngemva kokulimala, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile noma njengengxenye yezinye izifo Ezinye zezinto ezibangela i-Glaucoma ukuguga, umlando womndeni walesi sifo, ukwanda kokucindezeleka kwamehlo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-steroids, isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi, phakathi kwezinye.

I-glaucoma ngokuvamile ayibonakali. Abanye abantu bangase bakhononde ngokubona ama-haloes anemibala noma ukushintsha njalo kwezibuko zokufunda.

Ukulahlekelwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo ku-peripheral kanye ne-asymmetric.

Isinxephezelo esivela ekudluleleni kwenkundla yokubuka yelinye iso ukubambezeleka kokuqaphela izimpawu.

Ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwe-angle closure glaucoma kuyisimo esiphuthumayo futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ukuze kugwenywe ubumpumputhe. Isiguli sivame ukuzwa ubuhlungu, ukubomvu kanye nokufiphala kombono esweni elithintekile okuhambisana nekhanda elibuhlungu , isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Ngokuvamile kulawulwa ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo ngemithi bese kulandelwa i-laser peripheral iridotomy. Uma i-laser peripheral iridotomy yenziwa ngesikhathi se-angle closure glaucoma, lesi sifo singavinjelwa.

I-glaucoma iphinde ibe ngu-4.2-7% wabo bonke ubumpumputhe bezingane. Izinsana nezingane ezine-glaucoma zibonisa izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlukene uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-glaucoma:

Ukulinganisa ukucindezela kwamehlo kusetshenziswa i-applanation tonometer Ukuhlolwa kwephaseji lokudonsa amanzi esweni. Lokhu kulandelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-optic nerve: Ukuhlolwa kwensimu yombono usebenzisa i-automated perimeter

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuqondiswe ekwehliseni umfutho wamehlo ngalezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

Ukwelashwa: Kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamaconsi amehlo anciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahlaya aphuma esweni noma asize ekuphumeni kwamahlaya aphuma esweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwamehlo.

Imithi iwela ezinhlotsheni ezinhlanu — ama-Parasympathomimetics, ama-Beta blockers, ama-Alpha adrenergic agonists, ama-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, ama-prostaglandin analogues.

Ukwelashwa nge-laser: Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-laser ezisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze-glaucoma. Okuvame kakhulu yi-laser peripheral iridotomy eyenziwa kubantu abane-angle closure glaucoma; ezinye ziyi-laser trabeculoplasty kanye ne-laser iridoplasty.

Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlunga i-Glaucoma Amadivayisi okukhipha amanzi e-Glaucoma Izinqubo zokubulala amagciwane Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kuwukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singaqhubeki. Ngokuvamile akukho ukwelashwa kwe-Glaucoma!

UDkt Shikha Fogla , MBBS, MS,

I-Ophthalmology Fellowship ku-Anterior Segment & Glaucoma,

Umxhumanisi we-Ophthalmologist

Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills