Craniotomy for tumor is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a portion of the skull to access the brain. This operation is primarily performed to treat brain tumors, which can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The main goal of a craniotomy is to excise the tumor, alleviate pressure on the brain, and potentially improve neurological function.

Total Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (IPAA) is a surgical procedure designed to treat severe conditions affecting the colon and rectum, particularly in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. This complex operation involves the complete removal of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, followed by the creation of an internal pouch from the ileum (the last part of the small intestine). This pouch is then connected to the anal canal, allowing for the retention of normal bowel function.

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a medical procedure that provides essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system entirely. This method is crucial for patients who cannot obtain adequate nutrition through oral intake or enteral feeding (nutrition delivered through a tube into the stomach or small intestine). TPN is typically administered through a central venous catheter, which is inserted into a large vein, allowing for the delivery of a concentrated mixture of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation (TPIAT) is a specialized surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of the pancreas, followed by the transplantation of the islet cells, which are responsible for producing insulin, back into the patient's body. This innovative approach aims to manage severe pancreatic diseases while attempting to preserve some level of insulin production, thereby reducing the risk of diabetes that typically follows a total pancreatectomy.

Total Pancreatectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of the pancreas, an essential organ located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin, which helps control blood sugar levels. By removing the entire pancreas, the procedure aims to address severe pancreatic diseases that cannot be managed through less invasive means.

"Craniotomy for trauma is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a portion of the skull to access the brain. This operation is typically performed in emergency situations where there is a need to address severe brain injuries resulting from trauma, such as car accidents, falls, or sports injuries. The primary purpose of a craniotomy in these cases is to relieve pressure on the brain, remove blood clots, or repair damaged brain tissue.

Craniotomy for aneurysm clipping is a neurosurgical procedure designed to treat brain aneurysms, which are abnormal bulges in the wall of a blood vessel in the brain. These bulges can pose a significant risk, as they may rupture, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke, which can be life-threatening. The primary goal of this procedure is to prevent the aneurysm from rupturing by placing a small metal clip across its neck, effectively isolating it from the bloodstream.

Laparoscopic tubal ligation is a minimally invasive surgical procedure designed to permanently prevent pregnancy by blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes. The fallopian tubes are the pathways through which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus. By interrupting this route, the procedure effectively prevents sperm from reaching the egg, thereby eliminating the possibility of fertilization.

Craniectomy for decompression is a surgical procedure designed to relieve pressure on the brain. This pressure can arise from various conditions, including traumatic brain injuries, strokes, brain tumors, or severe swelling of the brain (cerebral edema). During the procedure, a portion of the skull is removed to create more space for the brain, allowing it to expand without being compressed. This can help prevent further damage to brain tissue and improve outcomes for patients experiencing life-threatening conditions.

Heller Myotomy, commonly referred to as Achalasia Surgery, is a surgical procedure designed to alleviate the symptoms of achalasia, a condition that affects the esophagus. In achalasia, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to relax properly, leading to difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and chest pain. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making it challenging to eat and drink comfortably.