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Verified by Dr. Vipin Khandelwal, Consultant Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Apollo Cancer Centres, Navi Mumbai.Haploidentical BMT, also known as haplo BMT, is a type of bone marrow transplant that uses stem cells from a donor who is only half-matched to the recipient. HaploBMT is a newer type of bone marrow transplant, but it has become increasingly popular in recent years, especially for children. This is because only 30% of patients have a full match donor. For the remaining 70% patients, alternative sources of stem cells are matched from an unrelated adult volunteer donor and haploidentical donor. Parents and siblings who are not fully matched can be haplo donors.How is haploBMT performed?Preparing the recipient for the transplant: This involves chemotherapy and or radiation therapy to destroy the recipient’s bone marrow and make their immune system less active. Once the recipient is prepared, the donor stem cells are collected through apheresis, a procedure similar to donating platelets. The donor stem cells are then processed in the laboratory to remove any T cells, or they are infused directly in patients’ blood and after few days they receive some medicines to deplete T cells in body.Infusion of donor stem cells into the recipient’s bloodstream: The stem cells travel to the recipient’s bone marrow and begin to produce new blood cells. It typically takes a few weeks for the new blood cells to start working.What are the benefits of haploBMT?It is easier to find a haploidentical donor than a full match donor. This is especially important for children from minority ethnic groups.Haplo BMT can be performed more quickly than a matched unrelated donor transplant. This is important for children with aggressive diseases, such as leukemia.Who is a good candidate for haploBMT?Haplo BMT is a good option for children who don’t have a fully matched related or unrelated donor. It is curative option for variety of blood disorders, including:LeukemiaLymphomaSickle cell anemiaThalassemiaAplastic anemiaPrimary immunodeficiency diseaseMyelodysplastic syndromeHaploidentical BMT is a newer type of bone marrow transplant in children that is becoming increasingly popular for children. It is a safe and effective procedure that can be used to treat a variety of blood disorders.Connect with our expert, Dr. Vipin Khandelwal, Consultant Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Apollo Cancer Centres, Navi Mumbai to know more about Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplant procedure.Call 022 6280 6280 for an appointment.

Endourology at Apollo Hospitals HyderabadOverviewEndourology is a specialised field within urology that utilises minimally invasive techniques to treat urinary tract conditions, including kidney stone disease. During this procedure, kidney stones are fragmented using small instruments inserted into the body through the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney.At Apollo Hospitals in Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, our expert urologists offer specialised endourology services dedicated to treat kidney stones, tumours, and various urinary tract issues.Types of Endourological ProceduresUrethroscopy: It is employed for managing urethral strictures or blockages.Cystoscopy: Endoscopy of the urinary bladder through the urethra is commonly used for the treatment of bladder stones and tumours. In addition, this technique can be employed to remove obstructive prostate tissue in males, a procedure referred to as Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP).Ureteroscopy: The evaluation of the upper urinary tract involves using a ureteroscope inserted through the urethra and advanced beyond the bladder, into the ureter. This specialised instrument is employed for treating conditions affecting the ureter, such as stones and tumours.Nephroscopy: It is used for managing kidney lining stones and tumours.Indications for EndourologyEndourology holds benefits for many patients with urological conditions, but it is essential to undergo an assessment with an endourologist or laparoscopist initially. Conditions that can benefit from endourology include:Kidney stones and tumoursBladder stones and tumoursUrethral and ureteral blockagesEnlarged prostates in malesBenefits of EndourologyOutstanding success ratesNo need for incisionsReduced postoperative discomfortLower risk of complications after surgery, such as infectionSpeedier recovery and return to daily activitiesFAQs1. Who is eligible for endourology?Determining eligibility for an endourological procedure depends on the assessment conducted by an endourologist or laparoscopist. Factors such as your medical history and the specific nature of the condition will be taken into account during this evaluation.2. What is the process for performing an endourological procedure?During an endourological procedure, small, slender instruments such as endoscopes, lasers, scalpels, graspers, miniature stone retrieval baskets, and cautery tools are inserted through the urethra, bladder, or ureter. This allows surgery to be performed without the need for large incisions.

Non-Surgical Thyroid Nodule treatment: Advances in Interventional RadiologyThyroid nodules are remarkably common. Most of the time, they are discovered incidentally during a routine neck scan or a general physical. While the vast majority of these growths are benign, they aren't always harmless. As they grow, they can trigger a range of issues, from visible swelling and neck tightness to genuine difficulty swallowing or changes in your voice.For decades, the answer to a symptomatic nodule was almost always surgery. Today, however, the landscape has shifted. Interventional Radiology (IR) has introduced ways to shrink these nodules effectively without a scalpel or a night in a hospital bed, all without surgery. So no cuts no scar, no lifelong thyroid pills and the most importantly the possibility of it becoming cancerous in future is significantly reduced.  Understanding the Clinical PictureA thyroid nodule is essentially a localized overgrowth of tissue within the gland. Treatment becomes a priority when the nodule starts acting up, whether that means it's causing physical discomfort, impacting your appearance, or overproducing hormones.Before jumping into treatment, we follow a strict diagnostic protocol:High-resolution Ultrasound: To map the nodule's size, location and blood flow.Thyroid Function Tests: To see if the nodule is hormonally active.FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration): A quick aspiration / biopsy(FNB) to confirm the nodule is 100% benign before any non-surgical therapy begins. Modern Minimally Invasive Alternatives1. Thyroid Nodule Ablation (RFA and Microwave)Ablation is a heat-based treatment. Using ultrasound as a real-time map, an interventional radiologist inserts a specialized, thin needle into the nodule. Once in place, controlled energy (Radiofrequency or Microwave) is released to heat and destroy the abnormal tissue – in a moving shot technique. Over the following weeks, your body naturally absorbs the treated tissue, and the nodule slowly reduces in size.Why patients choose Ablation:Zero Scarring: There is no incision, just a tiny puncture mark that disappears.No General Anesthesia: You remain awake and comfortable under local numbing.True Outpatient Care: Most patients are back home within hours and back to work in a day or two.Function Preservation: We target only the nodule, leaving the healthy part of your thyroid intact and functioning.No need of Thyroid pills for life. 2. Thyroid Artery Embolization (TAE)For nodules that are particularly large, multinodular / goiter or hyper-vascular (having a heavy blood supply), embolization is a clever alternative. Instead of using heat, we cut off the nodule’s fuel line. A micro-catheter is threaded through the vessels to block the specific blood supply feeding the growth. Starved of blood, the nodule naturally shrinks. Thyroid Artery Embolization for Goiter Reduction (TAEGE) is also a similar procedure.Key Advantages of TAE:Highly effective for large, complex / multiple nodules that might be difficult to ablate.Ideal for patients who cannot undergo surgery due to other health risks.Reduces symptoms caused by mass effect (pressure on the windpipe or foodpipe) more larger than ablationMake you feasible for future ablation after size reduction Interventional Radiology vs. Traditional SurgeryWhile surgery is still necessary if cancer is suspected, IR procedures offer a much gentler path for benign cases. Here is how they stack up:FeatureInterventional RadiologyTraditional SurgeryAnesthesiaLocal (awake)General (unconscious)Recovery Time24–48 hours1–2 weeksScarringNonePermanent neck scarVoice RiskExtremely low risk to nervesHigher risk of nerve injuryMedicationRarely affects hormone levelsMay require lifelong pillsWho is the Ideal Candidate?You may be diagnosed to have thyroid nodule (clinically to see or by ultrasound scan) and your consultation with Interventional radiologist - Dr Rohit Madhurkar will help you understand the nature and feasibility of non-surgical (screening ultrasound scan) treatment and also perform FNA / FNB from most suspicious part of the lesion to confirm if its Benign nodule. A visible lump in the neck that affects your confidence.Persistent discomfort or a choking sensation when wearing collars.Difficulty swallowing solid foods.Benign thyroid nodule.A strong desire to avoid surgery, general anesthesia, or permanent scarring.Final WordThe wait and watch approach or total / partial removal thyroid surgery are no longer your only two options. Interventional Radiologist has bridged the gap, offering a better ground that prioritizes your recovery and your body's natural function. By opting for image-guided treatments like ablation (RFA / MWA) or Embolization, you can resolve the symptoms of thyroid nodules without the baggage of traditional surgery. Dr Rohit Madhurkar & team are experienced with high volumes, having global standard treatment protocols. 

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (ASCVDs) that result from the buildup of cholesterol deposits (plaques) in the blood vessels are on the rise and striking younger age groups. Apparently healthy people with no preexisting cardiovascular disease seem to suffer from a major heart attack, stroke or sudden death. It is possible to prevent a heart attack or stroke through early identification says Dr. Vijayakumar S., Senior Consultant Interventional Cardiologist and Clinical Lead in Cardiac Imaging, Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai. “Prevention gains great significance in a world where heart attack is the leading cause of mortality, of which one-fourth of the heart attacks occur in persons less than 40 years of age, one-half of heart attack related deaths below 50 years, and 50% in patients without any pre-existing symptoms,” he says.Heart Attack and Stroke are Preventable According to American Heart Association, 90% of the strokes and heart attacks are preventable by early identification and treatment. Since cholesterol deposits start as early as 20 years of age, progress slowly and result in heart attack or stroke between 40 and 80 years, if identified early, it is possible to reverse with cholesterol lowering medications. Even in later stages you can reduce chances of a major heart attack or stroke.Current Approach to ASCVD screening Risk factors like diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, overweight and family history of heart attacks increase the chance of cholesterol deposits. The present Risk-factor scoring approach based on various combinations of these conditions can estimate the risk of heart attack or stroke and is used currently in allocating preventive therapy. Risk scores are available free online and are automatically generated, classifying risks as low, intermediate and high.“Identification of plaque on CT or US imaging helps the physician decide on preventive treatment with statin and aspirin and more aggressive modifiable risk factor targets (lower levels of LDL cholesterol and blood pressure). It also improves medication adherence and lifestyle modification on the part of the patients”Dr. Vijayakumar S.,Senior Consultant Interventional Cardiologist and Clinical Lead in Cardiac Imaging, Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai.PreventionThe ASCVD prevention focuses on lifestyle modification, and medical treatment (pharmacotherapy). Pharmacotherapy involves treatment of risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension. Preventive pharmacotherapy includes cholesterol lowering medication (statin) and aspirin. Lifestyle modification and treatment of risk factors are recommended across all the risk groupsModern Approaches for Early Identification of Risk Risk factor-based approach is not foolproof since cholesterol deposits can also occur due to unknown risk factors. Inherent factors like resilience and susceptibility of individuals can also influence build-up of cholesterol deposits. Modern approaches for early estimation of ASCVD risk have introduced atherosclerotic plaque imaging techniques (like mammography) that can help charter preventive therapies. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan is a non-invasive CT scan that detects and measures calcium deposits in the coronary arteries (heart), which are signs of plaque buildup and a risk for heart attack. US (ultrasound) plaque imaging is a noninvasive diagnostic method to visualize atherosclerotic plaque in arteries, primarily the carotid (neck) and femoral (groin) arteries, to assess its size, and composition. These three tests, combined with the risk scores, provide precise estimation of 10-year ASCVD risk. Based on whether low, intermediate, or high risk / diabetics, the optimum time interval for the scan would be 5-7 years, 3-5 years, and 3 years, respectively. Featuring insights from Dr. Vijayakumar S., Senior Consultant Interventional Cardiologist and Clinical Lead in Cardiac Imaging, Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai.📞 For appointments, call Apollo Hospitals Chennai at 044 4040 1066

What is Septoplasty? Procedure OverviewSeptoplasty is a surgical procedure designed to correct a deviated septum, which is the cartilage and bone that divides the nasal cavity into two nostrils. A deviated septum can lead to various health issues, including chronic nasal congestion, sinus infections, and sleep disturbances. At Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad, we pride ourselves on our reputation for excellence in healthcare, utilizing cutting-edge technology and advanced surgical techniques to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Our team of highly skilled surgeons is dedicated to providing personalized care, making us one of the best hospitals for Septoplasty in India. Trust us to help you breathe easier and improve your quality of life. Clinical Indications: Why Septoplasty is NecessaryA deviated septum can significantly impact your overall health and well-being. It can obstruct airflow, leading to difficulty breathing, especially during physical activities or sleep. Septoplasty is necessary for individuals experiencing: Chronic Nasal Congestion: Persistent blockage can lead to discomfort and difficulty in breathing.Frequent Sinus Infections: A deviated septum can hinder proper drainage of the sinuses, increasing the risk of infections.Sleep Apnea: Obstructed airflow can contribute to sleep apnea, a serious condition that disrupts sleep and can lead to other health issues.Nasal Bleeding: A crooked septum can cause irritation and dryness, leading to frequent nosebleeds. By addressing these issues through Septoplasty, patients can experience significant relief and improved quality of life. At Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad, our expert team is committed to providing the highest standard of care, ensuring that each patient receives the attention and treatment they deserve. Potential Risks of Delaying Deviated Septum SurgeryDelaying Septoplasty can lead to a range of complications that may worsen over time. Some potential risks include: Worsening Symptoms: Chronic nasal congestion and sinus infections can become more severe, leading to increased discomfort and health issues.Development of Complications: Untreated conditions may lead to complications such as chronic sinusitis, which can require more extensive treatment.Impact on Quality of Life: Difficulty breathing can affect daily activities, sleep quality, and overall well-being, leading to decreased productivity and increased stress. Timely intervention is crucial for preventing these complications. At Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad, we understand the urgency of your situation and are here to provide you with the care you need. Don’t wait—schedule a consultation today to discuss your options. Key Benefits of Septoplasty for Improved BreathingUndergoing Septoplasty can lead to numerous benefits, including: Improved Breathing: The primary benefit of Septoplasty is enhanced airflow through the nasal passages, allowing for easier breathing.Reduced Sinus Infections: By correcting the septum, patients often experience fewer sinus infections and related symptoms.Better Sleep Quality: Improved airflow can alleviate sleep apnea symptoms, leading to more restful sleep and increased energy levels.Enhanced Quality of Life: With reduced nasal congestion and discomfort, patients can enjoy a better quality of life, engaging in activities they love without the hindrance of breathing difficulties. At Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad, we are dedicated to ensuring that our patients experience these benefits through our expert care and advanced surgical techniques. Patient Guide: Preparation and Recovery ProcessPreparing for Septoplasty is essential for a smooth surgical experience and recovery. Here are some practical tips: Pre-Operative Preparation for SeptoplastyConsultation: Schedule a thorough consultation with our specialists to discuss your symptoms, medical history, and the procedure.Preoperative Instructions: Follow any preoperative instructions provided by your surgeon, including dietary restrictions and medication adjustments.Arrange Transportation: Since you will be under anesthesia, arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure.Plan for Recovery: Set up a comfortable recovery area at home, stocked with necessary supplies like ice packs, medications, and entertainment. Post-Operative Recovery and Aftercare TipsFollow Postoperative Instructions: Adhere to the care instructions provided by your surgeon, including how to care for your nose and manage pain.Rest and Hydration: Ensure you get plenty of rest and stay hydrated to promote healing.Avoid Strenuous Activities: Refrain from heavy lifting or vigorous exercise for at least a few weeks post-surgery.Attend Follow-Up Appointments: Keep all scheduled follow-up appointments to monitor your recovery and address any concerns. At Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad, our team is committed to supporting you throughout your recovery journey, ensuring you achieve the best possible outcomes. FAQs 1. What are the risks associated with Septoplasty?While Septoplasty is generally safe, like any surgical procedure, it carries some risks. These may include bleeding, infection, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. However, complications are rare, especially when performed by experienced surgeons at Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad. Our team will discuss all potential risks during your consultation. 2. How long does the Septoplasty procedure take?The duration of the Septoplasty procedure typically ranges from 30 minutes to 1 hour, depending on the complexity of the case. At Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad, our skilled surgeons utilize advanced techniques to ensure a swift and efficient procedure, allowing for a quicker recovery. 3. When can I return to normal activities after Septoplasty?Most patients can return to light activities within a few days after surgery, but full recovery may take several weeks. It’s essential to follow your surgeon’s postoperative instructions and attend follow-up appointments to ensure a smooth recovery process. 4. How do I choose the right surgeon for Septoplasty?Choosing the right surgeon is crucial for a successful outcome. At Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad, our team consists of highly qualified and experienced ENT specialists who are dedicated to providing personalized care. During your consultation, feel free to ask about their experience and success rates with Septoplasty. 5. How can I schedule a consultation for Septoplasty at Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad?Scheduling a consultation is easy! You can contact us through our website or call our dedicated helpline. Our friendly staff will assist you in setting up an appointment with one of our expert surgeons to discuss your symptoms and treatment options. ConclusionIf you are struggling with breathing difficulties due to a deviated septum, Septoplasty may be the solution you need. At Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad, we are committed to providing exceptional care, utilizing advanced technology and techniques to ensure successful outcomes. Our team of experienced surgeons is here to guide you through every step of the process, from consultation to recovery. Don’t let nasal obstruction affect your quality of life any longer. Contact us today to schedule your consultation and take the first step towards better breathing and improved health.

Mammography at Apollo Hospitals HyderabadOverviewBreast cancer is a prevalent condition that may affect any woman after puberty, with a higher incidence in older women. According to the ICMR, about 1.6 lakh Indian women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year, and over 50% face mortality within 5 years. Studies indicate that screening mammography is the only test capable of reducing the risk of breast cancer-related death by up to 40%.Early breast cancer detection through mammogram screening enhances the chances of survival with appropriate treatment. At Apollo, we possess the expertise and infrastructure to conduct 3D mammography tests with minimal inconvenience and high accuracy. Through this article, we aim to raise awareness about the importance of a mammogram and dispel myths related to it.Understanding MammographyMammography is a low-dose X-ray breast imaging test that can detect breast cancer in its initial stages, often before symptoms manifest. Early detection of breast cancer enhances the likelihood of cancer being limited within the breast and diminishes the risk of it spreading to other parts of the body.At Apollo, we strongly advocate that preventive breast care is the most effective measure you can adopt to protect your well-being. Utilising state-of-the-art equipment and adhering to strict protocols, our highly skilled professionals ensure that every mammogram screening investigation and result is accurate.Indications for a MammogramWomen aged 40 and older should make it a priority to have a mammogram every one or two years. However, it is advised to get a mammogram done, if a woman of any age encounters the following warning signs:Breast lumpBreast painUnusual skin appearanceNipple thickening/retractionNipple dischargeWhat to do if I Detect a Breast Lump?While a breast lump is a significant indicator of breast cancer, it doesn’t necessarily mean it is cancerous. So, don’t panic. Approximately 80 percent of breast lumps typically turn out to be cysts, calcifications, or benign tumours that tend to shrink over time. However, it is crucial to consult a doctor to rule out breast cancer.How is the Mammography Test Done?If this is your first time undergoing a mammogram, you might have several questions and uncertainties about the procedure. Here is a step-by-step guide that can help clarify the process for you.Your clinician, physician, or radiologist can issue a request and help you schedule a mammogram appointment.Ensure you complete the necessary paperwork or registration before securing your appointment.You will be directed to the mammography room, where the technician will guide you through changing and positioning you for the test in front of the equipment.Your breast will be gently compressed between two plates to ensure comfort, and images will be captured and sent to the reporting workstation. Radiologists will then review these images to create a detailed report.After the images are taken, you can dress and exit the scan room. The entire process usually concludes in under 10 minutes.Tips to Make Your Mammogram Experience Even More ComfortableMany women encounter fear and anxiety when they are scheduled for a mammogram appointment. If you find yourself in this situation, kindly follow these steps to enhance your comfort.Plan your mammogram during the first three weeks of your menstrual cycle, when your breasts are less likely to be sore. Avoid having it done in the last week of your premenstrual period for a more comfortable experience.Kindly inform your physician if you encounter any pain or discomfort during the procedure.For additional support, consider bringing a friend or family member along with you to the appointment.If you are sensitive to pain and concerned about discomfort during the procedure, you can take a painkiller half an hour before the test.Ultrasound: An Alternative to Mammography for Younger WomenIf you are a woman under 40 with an average risk, consider having a breast ultrasound done by a radiologist. In cases of uncertainty, additional evaluations like mammography or breast MRI can be used as problem-solving tools.Breaking the Myths Around MammogramsDespite the significance of mammograms, many women remain hesitant to undergo them due to various myths and misconceptions. Let’s examine these misconceptions and uncover the facts about them.Myth #1: Since I don’t exhibit any symptoms of breast cancer and lack a family history, there is no need to worry or have a mammogram.Fact: Over 85% of breast cancer occurs in women who don’t have a positive family history of breast cancer. Mammography is the only proven way to reduce breast cancer mortality by enabling early detection and timely treatment, ultimately saving lives.Myth #2: Mammography is a painful test.Fact: Mammography is generally painless, with minimal discomfort as the breast is briefly compressed between two plates to capture high-quality images. If a woman is extremely sensitive to pain, taking a painkiller before the test can make the experience more bearable.Myth #3: Mammography test is recommended only for older women.Fact: Women aged 40 and above should prioritise undergoing a mammogram done once a year or every two years, as the risk of breast cancer tends to rise with age. Younger women with a family history of breast cancer should consult their physician or a breast care specialist before considering breast cancer screening.Myth #4: Radiation from a mammography test causes cancer.Fact: Mammography tests expose women to a very low dose of radiation, which is less than the annual radiation exposure humans get from the environment. However, the advantages of mammography greatly outweigh the risk due to radiation exposure.Myth #5: Mammograms are not required if there is no family history of breast cancer.Fact: Although a family history of breast cancer heightens the risk, it is essential to note that 85% of breast cancer cases occur in women without such a history. Therefore, routine screening mammograms are crucial for all women, irrespective of their family background.Myth #6: Mammograms are always an accurate test.Fact: Mammograms, like any test, can show false positives or miss cancers due to factors like dense breast tissue. While not infallible, they remain the only tests proven to reduce mortality from breast cancer in women, backed by various scientific studies. 

Bone Cancer Treatment at Apollo Hospitals HyderabadOverviewAn adult human skeleton comprises approximately 206 bones, composed of connective tissue, calcium, and specialised bone cells. Cancers that affect the bones are known as bone cancers and are classified into two: primary and secondary bone cancers. Primary bone cancers, also called bone sarcomas, originate in the bones and are rare. On the other hand, secondary bone cancer occurs when cancer spreads to the bone from other organs.Apollo Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, is regarded as one of the leading medical institutions for treating bone cancers with successful outcomes. Our highly skilled team of oncologists specialises in orthopaedic cancers and includes medical, radiation, and surgical oncologists, along with pathologists, genetic counsellors, physiotherapists, technicians, nurses, and support staff. Together, they strive to provide patients with world-class treatment and compassionate emotional support.Conditions TreatedAt Apollo Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, specialists in the Department of Oncology treat various bone cancers as well as non-cancerous (benign) bone tumours, including the following:OsteosarcomaEwing’s sarcomaChondrosarcomaGiant cell tumoursFibrous DysplasiaSimple and aneurysmal bone cystsPathological fracturesMultiple myelomaLymphoma of boneSoft tissue sarcomas of limbsPelvic and spine tumoursHigh-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of boneBone fibrosarcomaMalignant giant cell tumour of boneChondromaSynovial sarcomaPigmented villonodular synovitis [PVNS]Other Organs Cancers that spread to bones, e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, myeloma, etc.Treatments and Procedures at Apollo Cancer CentreOur oncologists at Apollo Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, are highly skilled in performing complex limb-saving procedures (limb salvage surgeries), treating complex pelvic and spinal bone tumours, and providing personalised treatments for bone cancers based on their characteristics. These include:SurgeryAt Apollo Cancer Centre, the goal of surgery is not only to remove the entire cancer from the affected bone but also to preserve and restore a well-functioning limb. Standard surgical procedures may include bone resection, reconstruction using implants, and plastic surgery.In many cases, the patient’s knee can be preserved while completely removing the tumour using advanced techniques such as 3D printing, navigation technology, and extracorporeal radiation therapy.Medical OncologyChemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy may be recommended based on cancer characteristics to shrink tumour cells or hinder their growth and spread.Radiation TherapyRadiation therapies, like external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), etc., may be given in adjuvant cases to remove remaining cancer cells or in advanced or palliative cases where surgery cannot be done to manage symptoms.FAQs1. What happens during my consultation with an orthopaedic oncologist?A discussion is made based on the patient’s symptoms, including their timeline and severity, medical history, and lifestyle. To confirm suspicion of cancer, imaging tests, such as X-ray, MRI, PET, or bone scan, as well as biopsy, are performed. If cancer is confirmed, staging is based on the PET CT scan. Based on the stage and grade, treatment plans are informed.In the majority of cases, the hands or legs can be saved with very good function using limb salvage surgery techniques.2. What symptoms could indicate bone cancer?Common symptoms include bone pain that is not relieved by painkillers, increased swelling in the limbs and joints, fractured bones with simple injury, loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult an orthopaedic oncologist for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to ensure the best outcome.3. What makes Apollo Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, the best choice for treating bone cancers?An orthopaedic oncologist is a specialised expert who diagnoses and treats bone tumours and bone cancers. The success rates and treatment outcomes in the hands of an orthopaedic oncosurgeon are excellent, meeting global standards. At Apollo Hospitals, we take pride in having one of the few nationally renowned orthopaedic oncosurgeons. Moreover, the Centre of Excellence is equipped with cutting-edge technology and state-of-the-art facilities, including minimally invasive robotic surgery systems and advanced operation theatres. Backed by expert-led multidisciplinary tumour boards, skilled specialists, and dedicated nursing and support staff, Apollo Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, is recognised as one of the leading multispecialty hospitals for bone cancer treatment.

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) at Apollo Hospitals HyderabadOverviewBone marrow transplant (BMT) is a specialised type of surgery for individuals with blood cancers or other types of cancers or autoimmune disorders. The surgery aims to replace unhealthy blood cells with healthy ones, thereby normalising blood functions.At Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, we are recognised as one of the leading multispecialty hospitals in carrying out successful BMTs. With over 1,500 successful transplants, we pride ourselves on providing world-class care for patients with blood cancers and other haematological disorders. Our skilled transplant specialists, haematologists, oncologists, and experts from other multidisciplinary specialities ensure personalised treatment based on their specific conditions.We also offer outpatient BMT services for patients, providing them with the benefits of BMT while reducing hospital stays and costs by 50%. These services offer several advantages, including enhanced patient comfort, cost efficiency, improved quality of life, reduced hospital-related stress, and increased convenience for daily outpatient requirements and care.Conditions TreatedThe BMT procedure is generally recommended for the following conditions, and our experts in the Department of Oncology provide comprehensive care to ensure the best possible outcomes. Some of the conditions that may require BMT include:Blood cancersLymphomasLeukaemiasMyelomasBlood disordersThalassaemiaSickle-cell anaemiaAplastic anaemiaOther conditionsTesticular germ-cell tumoursEwing sarcoma How is BMT Done?Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is a medical procedure that involves replacing diseased or cancerous blood-forming cells with healthy ones to treat blood cancers. Blood-forming cells are produced in the bone marrow, peripheral stem cells, and umbilical cord blood. During BMT, stem cells, typically found in the bone marrow, are collected, processed, and then reintroduced either into the donor (patient) or another recipient.There are two types of BMTs carried out at Apollo Cancer Centre, Hyderabad:Autologous Transplant: This form of BMT involves using the patient’s own healthy blood stem cells to replace damaged bone marrow. After harvesting stem cells from the patient’s body, they are reintroduced following conditioning treatment.Allogeneic Transplant: In this type, unhealthy bone marrow is replaced with healthy blood stem cells from a donor, who may be a family member, friend, or even an unrelated individual.FAQs1. Are there any complications associated with BMT?Complications associated with BMT are rare, as experts decide on whether a patient requires BMT after a thorough review of their medical history. Common risks may include anaemia, infections, bleeding from vital organs, infertility, cataracts, early onset of menopause, and so on.2. How do BMTs help in the treatment of cancer?BMTs can help in renewing your body’s capacity to produce new blood cells after intensive cancer treatments, such as high-dose radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This will help to support the immune system, reduce infection, and improve overall blood cell function, aiding in the patient’s recovery and quality of life.3. What makes Apollo Hospitals the best choice for BMTs?Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, is widely equipped with modern technology and cutting-edge diagnostic equipment to provide precise diagnosis of your condition and offer you individualised treatment plans. Moreover, we are recognised as one of the leading multispecialty hospitals in the state to carry BMTs with high success rates, highlighting our expertise and commitment to excellence. We deliver expert, patient-centric care from diagnosis to recovery. Rest assured, at Apollo Hospitals you can entrust yourselves to the care of our experts.

Gastrointestinal Oncology Treatment at Apollo Hospitals HyderabadOverviewGastrointestinal (GI) Oncology is a speciality that focuses on cancers affecting the gastrointestinal system. These include tumours or cancers starting from the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum, as well as the liver, pancreas, gall bladder, and bile ducts.  In rare cases, experts specialised in GI oncology also identify cancers like sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumours, neuroendocrine tumours, and melanoma.At Apollo Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, we are known to be one of the best multi-speciality hospitals for diagnosing and treating GI cancers. With advanced, state-of-the-art equipment and cutting-edge technology, our experts always prioritise a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.Conditions TreatedOur GI oncologists at Apollo Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, are highly skilled in diagnosing and treating several GI cancers of early and advanced stages, some of which include:Oesophageal cancers of both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinomaGastric cancerGastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST)Neuroendocrine tumoursColon and rectal cancersAnal cancersGallbladder and bile duct cancersLiver cancerPancreatic cancerTreatments and Procedures at Apollo Cancer CentreAt Apollo Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, we are recognised as one of the leading multispecialty hospitals in carrying out a significant number of GI procedures and treatments with successful outcomes. Some of these include:SurgeryMinimally Invasive Surgeries: These include robotic and laparoscopic procedures such as esophagectomy, gastrectomy, colonic and rectal resections, as well as liver and pancreatic resections.Multidisciplinary Approach: With a multidisciplinary approach, Apollo Cancer Centre performs other procedures like endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), therapeutic ERCP, and cholangioscopy with stent placement based on cancer location and stage.Complex and Advanced Procedures: The Centre of Excellence also performs procedures like cytoreductive surgeries, multivisceral resection, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITOC), and pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC)Radiation TherapyAt Apollo Cancer Centre, we use advanced radiation techniques based on cancer characteristics and location to provide the best precision in cancer treatments, such as proton therapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SRBT), etc.Medical Oncology TherapyThese include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy drugs, and hormonal therapies, which can help stop the growth and spread of cancer cells in the GI.Palliative and Other Advanced ProceduresIncludes procedures like chemoembolization, tumour ablation, or radioembolization techniques; hepatic artery infusion pumps; etc.FAQs1. What symptoms might indicate GI cancer?Symptoms for GI cancer mostly depend on the type of cancer and the location it originates. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, bloody stool, bloating, indigestion, yellowish eyes or skin, constipation or diarrhoea, heartburn, loss of appetite, and fatigue.2. Who is at risk of developing GI cancers?Major risk factors for GI cancers include age (commonly affecting those over 50), sedentary lifestyle, frequent consumption of red meat, and exposure to harmful substances like asbestos and mercury. Conditions such as Barrett’s oesophagus, hepatitis C, colon polyps, and genetic mutations or syndromes like Lynch syndrome, BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations (pancreatic cancer), and CDH1/CTNNA1 mutations (HDGC) also increase the risk.3. What should I do to lower my risk of developing GI cancers?You can lower your risk of developing GI cancers by maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, avoiding smoking and tobacco use, limiting alcohol consumption, ensuring adequate sleep, staying up to date with vaccinations, and undergoing regular cancer screenings.