Supervisory-controlled systems whereby the machine is programmed with
predetermined actions that are carried out with robotic autonomy and close surgeon
supervision.
Tele-surgical systems that afford the surgeon complete control of the motions of the
machine from a remote command station.
Shared-control models, a form of co-autonomy allowing both the surgeon and robot to
simultaneously control motions.
It combines surgeon’s understanding of anatomy with x-ray imaging to treat spine
conditions using small incisions.
Designed to improve accuracy and optimize patient care by using robotics and
navigation.