ENT (Indlebe, Ikhala, Umphimbo)

Ezimweni ze-tonsillitis ephindaphindayo noma ukuvuvukala kwe-adenoid okuphawulekayo, okuthinta ukuphefumula nokugwinya, singase sincome i-tonsillectomy noma i-adenoidectomy. Senza lezi zinqubo ngokunemba okukhulu, sisebenzisa amasu athuthukile njengosizo lwe-laser ukunciphisa ukopha nokungakhululeki. Okuhlaselayo kancane, lokhu kuhlinzwa kuklanyelwe ukubuyisela ukuphefumula okuvamile nokunciphisa izifo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lakho lempilo. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukululama kuyashesha, ngokuncipha okuphawulekayo kwezimpawu ezihlobene namathoni akhulisiwe noma i-adenoids. 

Uma ubhekene nokuvaleka kwamakhala ngenxa ye-septum echezukile, i-septoplasty ingaba yisixazululo. Ithimba lethu ligxile ekulungiseni ukuchezuka kwe-septum ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza komoya ngamakhala. Ngokucophelela, sibeka kabusha futhi siqondise isihlukanisi phakathi kwezikhala, ngokuvamile sisebenzisa amasu e-endoscopic ukuze uthole ukunemba okuthuthukisiwe. Lokhu kuhlinzwa akugcini nje ngokukhulula ubunzima bokuphefumula kodwa futhi kunciphisa izinkinga ze-sinus, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yokulala namandla ayo wonke. 

Kulabo abahlushwa i-sinusitis engapheli, ukuhlinzwa kwe-sinus kungase kunikeze impumuzo edingeka kakhulu. Sisebenzisa i-Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), indlela ehlasela kancane, ukuze sibhekane nezithiyo noma izifo eziphasejini ze-sinus. Le ndlela ithuthukisa umoya we-sinus kanye nokukhipha amanzi, ukunciphisa ukucindezela kwe-sinus, izifo ezivamile, nobuhlungu obuhambisanayo. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, siqinisekisa ukulandelelwa okuphelele futhi sinikeza isiqondiso esilungiselelwe ukukhulisa izinzuzo zesikhathi eside.

I-tympanoplasty yenziwa ukuze kulungiswe i-eardrum eyonakele, ukubuyisela ukuzwa nobuqotho besakhiwo. Inqubo ihilela ukuxhunyelelwa ukuze kulungiswe i-eardrum enembobo, eyenziwa ngokunemba kwe-microsurgical. Ochwepheshe bethu baqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kulula ngangokunokwenzeka, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi asezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle. Ngokulandela inqubo, iziguli ngokuvamile zithola ukubuyiselwa kwezinga lokuzwa kanye nengozi encishisiwe yokutheleleka, okusekelwa uhlelo olunemininingwane lokunakekelwa kwangemva kwenqubo ukuze kululame ngempumelelo kanye nokungakhululeki okuncane. 

Kulabo abanokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okujulile, ukufakwa kwe-cochlear kunikeza imiphumela yokuguqula. Ithimba lethu lochwepheshe linekhono ekufakeni izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezithatha indawo yokusebenza kwendlebe yangaphakathi eyonakele. Le nqubo iyindlela esebenzayo uma izinsiza-kuzwa ezivamile zingasebenzi. Siqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli ngasinye siyahlolwa ukuze sifane nezinzuzo zokufakelwa kwe-cochlear nezidingo zaso eziqondile zokuzwa, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzwa nokuxhumana kwaso. 

Izinsiza-kuzwa ezifakwe kahle zingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yabantu abanenkinga yokungezwa kancane. Izazi zethu zokuzwa zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziphelele, kusukela ekulinganeni okunembayo kuye ekulungisweni okuningiliziwe, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Sicabangela indawo yakho ye-acoustic, izintandokazi zakho, kanye nezimfuneko zokuzwa ukuze sivumelanise idivayisi ngayinye nezidingo zakho. Umgomo wethu uwukunikeza ukuzwa okucacile nokunethezekile, ngokusekelwa okuqhubekayo ngokubonisana komuntu siqu. 

I-Laryngoscopy iyithuluzi lokuxilonga elibalulekile elisivumela ukuthi sihlole umphimbo wakho nebhokisi lezwi. Isetshenziselwa ukukhomba izimbangela zokukhwehlela okungapheli, ukuhogela, noma ezinye izinkinga zomphimbo. Le nqubo yenziwa ngeshubhu eguquguqukayo efakwe ikhamera, enikeza imininingwane ecacile nenemininingwane. Ochwepheshe bethu baqinisekisa ukungaphatheki kahle okuncane ngesikhathi senqubo futhi bakunikeze impendulo ephelele mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okudingekayo, noma ngabe okokuhlinza noma okokwelapha. 

Uma ubhekene namaqhuqhuva egilo, i-goitre, noma umdlavuza wegilo, kungase kudingeke i-thyroidectomy. Indlela yethu igxile ekukhipheni okunembile kwayo yonke noma ingxenye yendlala yegilo, kuyilapho ilondoloza ngokucophelela izicubu ezizungezile. Lokhu kuhlinzwa akugcini nje ngokukhulula izimpawu ezicindezelayo kodwa futhi kusebenza indima ebalulekile yokwelapha ekwelapheni izifo ezibulalayo. Sihlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuphelele kwangemva kokuhlinzwa, okuhlanganisa ukusekela kwamazinga ephimbo ne-calcium, ukuze kube lula ukululama kwakho nokuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka okushelelayo kulandela inqubo. 

Ngezindlala zamathe ezivinjiwe noma ezinegciwane, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungase kudingeke. Ithimba lethu lisebenzisa amasu anembile ukususa izithiyo, ukudambisa izinhlungu nokuvuvukala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sibhekene ne-sialolithiasis (amatshe aphuma amathe) noma izimila, sisebenzisa izindlela ezihlasela kancane lapho kungenzeka khona, siqinisekise ukuthi izimpawu zibhekwana ngokuphumelelayo nezikhathi zokululama ezilawulekayo. 

I-FESS inqubo esezingeni eliphezulu enikeza ukukhululeka ezimeni ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene ne-sinus. Sisebenzisa amathuluzi e-endoscopic, sinciphisa usayizi wokusika, sehlisa isikhathi sokutakula. Ngokuthuthukisa izindlela zokudonsa amanzi e-sinus, i-FESS inikeza impumuzo yesikhathi eside ezifweni eziphindelelayo kanye nokuvinjwa. Ukunemba kwayo kanye nemvelo ehlasela kancane igqamisa ukuzibophezela kwethu kumasu athuthukile nokunakekelwa okugxile esigulini.

I-Otitis media isifo sendlebe ephakathi esingaba sibi noma esingamahlalakhona. I-Acute Otitis Media ibonakala ngokuzumayo, ngokuvamile ibangela ubuhlungu nomkhuhlane, kuyilapho i-Otitis Media engapheli iphikelela, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe okungenzeka. Sinikeza ukwelashwa okusukela kumithi elwa namagciwane kuya ekungeneleleni kokuhlinzwa ezimweni eziqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhululeka okusheshayo nokuvikela ukuzwa kwakho. 

I-Sinusitis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwe-sinus, okungabangela ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukucinana kwamakhala, nobuhlungu bobuso. Sihlinzeka ngokwelashwa okuhambisanayo, okuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-sinus, ukunciphisa izimpawu nokubhekana nezimbangela, ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwe-sinus evamile kanye nokuthuthukisa impilo yakho yonke. 

I-Rhinitis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila lwamakhala, okubangela ukuthimula, ikhala eligelezayo, nokuminyana. Sinikeza izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokungenelela kwezokwelapha kanye nendlela yokuphila ukuze silawule kokubili i-rhinitis engezwani ne-allergic kanye ne-non-allergic. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ama-antihistamine, ama-decongestants, noma i-immunotherapy ukuze unikeze impumuzo yesikhathi eside futhi uthuthukise izinga lakho lempilo. 

I-tonsillitis kanye ne-adenoiditis yizimo ezibandakanya ukuvuvukala nokutheleleka kwamathoni nama-adenoids. Sihlola ngokucophelela icala ngalinye ukuze sinqume ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic noma ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa. Indlela yethu ephelele iqinisekisa kokubili ukukhululeka okusheshayo nokuvimbela iziqephu zesikhathi esizayo, okusiza ukugcina impilo yomphimbo ephezulu.

I-apnea uma ulele isifo esiyingozi esibonakala ngokuphazanyiswa ukuphefumula okuphindaphindiwe phakathi nokulala. Sihlinzeka ngokuhlolwa okuphelele nezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokwelapha, okuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwe-CPAP, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, noma ukuhlinzwa, ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ukuphefumula kwakho kuhlala kuzinzile ngenkathi ulele, ukuthuthukisa impilo yakho iyonke kanye nekhwalithi yokulala. 

I-Laryngitis ukuvuvukala kwezintambo zezwi, okuholela ekuhosheni noma ekulahlekelweni kwezwi. Sigxila ekuhlonzeni izimbangela ze-laryngitis, ezifana nokusebenzisa ngokweqile, ukutheleleka, noma izinto ezicasulayo, futhi sinikeze ukwelashwa okusukela ekuphumuleni kwezwi kuye emithini noma ukwelashwa, okusiza ukubuyisela izwi lakho nempilo yezwi. 

I-Pharyngitis, noma umphimbo obuhlungu, uvame ukuhambisana nezimpawu ezinjengamakhaza futhi ngokuvamile igciwane ngokwemvelo. Sinikeza ukukhululeka kwezimpawu nokulawula ukutheleleka, futhi uma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya njenge-strep throat kukhonjwa, singase sinikeze ama-antibiotics ukuze siqinisekise ukululama futhi sinciphise ukungakhululeki. 

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kungahluka kusuka kokuncane kuye kokujulile futhi kungathinta kakhulu ukuxhumana. Ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe kwe-audiometric, sinikeza ukungenelela okwenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo njengezinsiza-kuzwa noma ukuhlinzwa, ukulungisa isixazululo ngasinye kuphrofayela yakho yokuzwa eyingqayizivele nezidingo, ukubuyisela ikhono lakho lokuzwa nokuxhumana ngempumelelo. 

I-tinnitus umbono womsindo noma ukukhala ezindlebeni ngaphandle komthombo wangaphandle. Sihlonza izimbangela eziyisisekelo futhi sinikeze ngezinhlelo zokwelashwa eziqondene nawe, okuhlanganisa ukwelashwa okuzwakalayo nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila, ukuze kuncishiswe izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke. 

Ukuphazamiseka kwezwi, okungavela ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwezwi, izimo zemizwa, noma izifo, kuthinta ukukhiqizwa komsindo. Sinikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele, okuhlanganisa ukwelapha ngezwi kanye nokungenelela ngokuhlinzwa lapho kudingekile, ukwenza ukwelashwa ngendlela oyifisayo okusekelwe ebunzimeni besiyaluyalu ukuze kubuyiselwe impilo enhle yezwi.

I-Audiometry iyisivivinyo esiyinhloko esisetshenziselwa ukuhlola amandla okuzwa kuwo wonke amafrikhwensi namavolumu ahlukahlukene. Le nqubo yokuxilonga isisiza ukuthi sinqume uhlobo nobukhulu bokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, okusenza sikwazi ukuthuthukisa amasu okwelapha okuhlosiwe, okuhlanganisa izinsiza zokuzwa noma ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okuhambisana nezidingo ezithile zesiguli ngasinye. 

I-Laryngoscopy ivumela ukubhekwa okuqondile komphimbo kanye ne-larynx, okusiza ukuxilonga izimo ezifana nezifo, umdlavuza, noma ukuphazamiseka kwezwi. Ngokusebenzisa leli thuluzi ngobuchule, siqoqa ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze siqondise ukuhlelwa kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, siqinisekise ukuthi iziguli zithola ukunakekelwa okunembe kakhulu nokufike ngesikhathi ngangokunokwenzeka. 

Izikena ze-CT ne-MRI zinikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yemigudu yamakhala, izakhiwo zezindlebe, nezifunda zekhanda nentamo. Lezi zindlela zokuthwebula zibalulekile ekuxilongeni okunembile kanye nokuhlela ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sikulungele ngokugcwele ukubhekana nesimo esiyingqayizivele sesiguli ngasinye futhi sinikeze ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu. 

I-tympanometry isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesigubhu sendlebe nokuthola izimo zendlebe ephakathi, njengokwakheka koketshezi noma izifo. Ngokuhlola ukucindezelwa kwezindlebe, siqoqa idatha ebalulekile ukuze sazise ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo, ukusekela ukulondolozwa kwempilo yezindlebe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuzwa komsebenzi. 

Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlonza izinto ezithile ezingezwani nezifo ezithinta impilo ye-ENT. Ngokuhlola isikhumba noma igazi, sikhomba izimbangela futhi sidale amasu okungenelela ahambisanayo, okuhlanganisa izincomo zokugwema, imithi, noma i-immunotherapy, ukunciphisa izimpawu nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle jikelele. 

Izifundo zokulala, njenge-polysomnography, zisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kokulala okufana nesifo sokuphelelwa umoya. Lolu cwaningo olubanzi lukala amapharamitha ahlukahlukene okuphila ngesikhathi sokulala, okusenza sikwazi ukudala izinhlelo zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokulala kanye nemiphumela yezempilo iyonke. 

I-Otoscopy ihilela ukuhlola umsele wendlebe nesigubhu sendlebe ukuze kutholwe izimo ezifana nezifo noma ukwakheka kwe-wax. Njengethuluzi lokuxilonga eliyisisekelo, i-otoscopy isinikeza imininingwane esheshayo empilweni yezindlebe, isiza ukuqondisa ukwelashwa okufanele ukuze sigcine ubuqotho bokuzwa nokusebenza kwezindlebe kukonke.