UMelena

Ukuqonda i-Melena: Izizathu, iimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kunye nonyango

intshayelelo

I-Melena ibhekiselele ekugqityweni kwendle emnyama, ehlala ixesha elide, edla ngokuba luphawu lokopha kwesisu. Umbala omnyama wesitulo ubangelwa yi-oxidation yegazi njengoko ihamba kwindlela yokugaya. I-Melena inokuba luphawu lwemeko yempilo embi kwaye ifuna ukuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza ngumboneleli wezempilo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga izizathu, iimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kunye nonyango lwe-melena ukukunceda uqonde olu phawu olunokothusa.

Ubangelwa yintoni uMelena?

I-Melena idla ngokubangelwa ukopha kumzila ophezulu wesisu, apho igazi lityiswa kwaye litshintshwe yi-enzymes yokugaya. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-melena ziquka:

1. Izilonda zePeptic

• Izilonda zeGastric okanye zeDuodenal: Izilonda ezivulekileyo kumgca wesisu okanye i-duodenum (inxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci) inokuphuma kwegazi, okukhokelela kwi-melena. Ezi zilonda zihlala zibangelwa kukwasulelwa yintsholongwane ye-Helicobacter pylori okanye ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kweziyobisi ezichasene nokudumba (NSAIDs).

2. IiVavas zoMqalazo

• Ukopha komqala: Kubantu abane-cirrhosis yesibindi, imithambo ekwi-esophagus inokwandiswa kwaye ithande ukugqabhuka, okukhokelela ekopheni okukhulu kunye ne-melena.

3. I-Gastritis

• Ukudumba koLwayile lwesisu: Ukuvuvukala esiswini, okubangelwa yintsholongwane, ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithiseleyo, okanye ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwe-NSAID, kunokukhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi kunye ne-melena.

4. Iinyembezi zikaMallory-Weiss

• Ukuqhaqha kweGastrointestinal: Ukugabha kakhulu okanye ukurhoxa kunokubangela iinyembezi kwi-mucous membrane ekudibaneni kwesisu kunye nommizo, okukhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi kunye ne-melena.

5. Cancer

• Umhlaza Wesisu: I-Cancer yesisu, i-esophagus, okanye i-colon inokukhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi, okunokuthi kubonakale njenge-melena.

6. Ukungahambi kakuhle kweMithombo yeGazi

• I-Angiodysplasia: Imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga kwi-gastrointestinal tract ingagqabhuka kwaye ibangele ukuphuma kwegazi, kubangele i-melena.

Iimpawu ezinxulumeneyo

I-Melena ihlala ihamba kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokopha kwesisu. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Ubuthathaka okanye ukudinwa ngenxa yokulahleka kwegazi
• Ubuhlungu besisu okanye ukungahambi kakuhle
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha, ngakumbi ukuba ukuhlanza kuqulethe igazi (hematemesis)
• I-Vertigo okanye isiyezi, ngakumbi xa umile
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (tachycardia)
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukuziva utyhafile

Ixesha Lokufuna Ingqalelo Yezonyango

I-Melena luphawu olunzima olufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango ukuba:

• Ubona ilindle elimnyama, elileleyo elinokukhatshwa livumba elibi.
• Uba neempawu zokopha, ezinjengobuthathaka, isiyezi, okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
• Kukho imbali yeengxaki zesisu ezifana nezilonda, i-varices, okanye isifo sesibindi.
• Ugabha igazi okanye uqaphele igazi emhlanzweni wakho (hematemesis).

Ukuxilongwa kweMelena

Ukuxilonga unobangela we-melena, umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo olucokisekileyo, kubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo loMzimba: Ugqirha uya kukhangela iimpawu ze-anemia (inani eliphantsi legazi), ukuthamba kwesisu, okanye ezinye iimpawu zomzimba zokuphuma kwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lweGazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuvavanya ubungakanani bokulahleka kwegazi, ukujonga i-anemia, kunye nokubonelela ngeemeko ezisisiseko ezifana nesifo sesibindi okanye usulelo.
• Endoscopy: I-endoscopy ye-gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGD) isoloko isenziwa ukujonga i-esophagus, isisu, kunye ne-duodenum kwimithombo yokopha, njengezilonda okanye i-varices.
• CT Scan: I-CT scan yesisu inokwenziwa ukuba umthombo wokuphuma kwegazi awucaci ngokukhawuleza kwi-endoscopy okanye ezinye iimvavanyo.
• Uvavanyo lwesitulo: Iisampulu zestool zinokuvavanyelwa igazi lobugqi, elinokunceda ukuqinisekisa ubukho bokopha kwesisu.

Iinketho zonyango lweMelena

Unyango lwe-melena luxhomekeke kunobangela osisiseko. Injongo ephambili kukumisa ukopha, ukujongana nemeko esisiseko, kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezinjenge-anemia okanye ukothuka. Ukhetho lonyango lubandakanya:

1. Amayeza

• IiProton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): IiPPI zinceda ukunciphisa i-asidi yesisu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphilisa kwiimeko ezifana nezilonda zesisu okanye i-gastritis.
• amachiza: Ukuba ukopha kubangelwa yintsholongwane (umzekelo, i-H. pylori), i-antibiotics inokumiselwa.
• Iivasopressors: Kwiimeko ze-esophageal varices, i-vasopressors ingasetyenziselwa ukuxinzelela imithambo yegazi kunye nokunciphisa ukopha.

2. Unyango lwe-Endoscopic

• I-Endoscopic Hemostasis: Kwiimeko zezilonda ezophayo okanye i-varices, iindlela ze-endoscopic ezifana ne-cauterization okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-band ligatures kunokumisa ukopha.

3. Ukuhlinzwa

• Ungenelelo ngotyando: Ukuba ukopha akunakulawulwa ngamayeza okanye i-endoscopy, utyando lunokuba yimfuneko ukuze kususwe umthombo wokopha, njengesilonda okanye ithumba.

4. Utofelo-gazi

• Utofelo-gazi: Ukuba ukulahlekelwa kakhulu kwegazi kwenzeka, utofelo-gazi lunokufuneka ukuze kubuyiselwe amanqanaba eeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nokuthintela ukothuka.

Iintsomi kunye neeNyaniso malunga noMelena

Inkolelo yoku-1: "UMelena uhlala ebangelwa zizilonda zesisu."

Inyani: Nangona izilonda zesisu zingunobangela oqhelekileyo we-melena, ezinye iimeko zesisu ezifana ne-varices, umhlaza, okanye ukopha kwamathumbu okuvela kwezinye iindawo nazo zinokubangela indle emnyama.

Intsomi yesi-2: "Ukuba i-melena isombulula ngokwayo, ayinzulu."

Inyani: Nokuba i-melena iphucuka okanye iyaphela ngaphandle konyango, oko kunokubonisa ingxaki yempilo engaphantsi enokufuna ukungenelela kwezonyango ukuthintela iingxaki ezizayo.

Iingxaki zokungahoyi uMelena

Ukuba i-melena ishiywe ingaphathwanga, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzima, ezifana:

• Ukulahlekelwa kakhulu kwegazi kunye ne-anemia
• Ukothuka ngenxa yokopha kakhulu
• Ukugqobhozwa kwendlela yesisu (kwiimeko ezinzima, ezifana nezilonda)
• Ukuba mandundu kweemeko ezisezantsi zesisu

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQs)

1. Ngaba i-melena inokubangelwa luxinzelelo?

Uxinzelelo lunokuba negalelo kwimiba yesisu njengezilonda okanye i-gastritis, enokukhokelela kwi-melena. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo lodwa alubangeli ngokuthe ngqo i-melena; idla ngokunxulunyaniswa neemeko zomzimba ezikhokelela ekopheni kwesisu.

2. Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-melena?

Ubude be-melena buxhomekeke kubunzima besizathu esisisiseko. Ukuba unyangwe ngokukhawuleza, iimpawu zinokuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukopha okungaphathwanga kunokuqhubeka okanye kube nzima, okukhokelela kwiingxaki.

3. Ndinganyanga i-melena ekhaya?

I-Melena ifuna unyango njengoko isoloko iluphawu lokopha okumandundu kwesisu. Amayeza asekhaya akufanele asetyenziswe ukunyanga i-melena. Kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ukuze uxilongwe kakuhle kunye nonyango.

4. Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-melena kunye ne-hematochezia?

I-Melena ibhekiselele kumnyama, izitulo ezibambekayo ezibangelwa kukopha kumzila wesisu ongasentla, ngelixa i-hematochezia ibhekisa kwipaseji legazi elibomvu eliqaqambileyo kwisitulo, ngenxa yokopha kwindawo esezantsi yesisu.

5. Ngaba i-melena ingaba luphawu lomhlaza?

Ewe, i-melena inokuba luphawu lomhlaza wesisu, ngakumbi esiswini, esophagus, okanye ikholoni. Ukuba i-melena ihamba kunye nezinye iimpawu ezifana nokuncipha kwesisindo, utshintsho kwimikhwa yamathumbu, okanye intlungu eqhubekayo yesisu, uvavanyo olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.

isiphelo

I-Melena luphawu oluyingozi oluhlala lubonisa ukopha kwesisu. Kubalulekile ukufuna unyango xa ubona i-stools emnyama, i-tarry okanye ufumana ezinye iimpawu zokulahleka kwegazi. Ngokuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyangwa, isizathu esisisiseko se-melena sinokusoloko silawulwa, ukukhusela iingxaki kunye nokuphucula impilo yonke.