I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography): Ukusetyenziswa, Ukulungiselela, Ukhuseleko kunye noko Inokukubonisa noko Ingakubonisiyo

Ukuthatha okuphambili

• I-CT luvavanyo olujongene nengxaki ethile. Iprotokholi yokuskena, ummandla womzimba kunye nokusetyenziswa komahluko kukhethwa kumbuzo weklinikhi obuziweyo.
• I-CT isebenzisa i-ionizing radiation. Idosi ixhomekeke kwindawo eskeniweyo, inani lezigaba kunye neskena; izizathu kunye nokulungiswa kwedosi kubalulekile, ingakumbi ebantwaneni nakwiskena ephindaphindwayo.
• I-CT eqhelekileyo ayithethi ukuba akukho nto iphosakeleyo. I-CT ingaphoswa sisifo sasekuqaleni okanye esingesosakhiwo, kwaye ezinye iimeko zifuna i-MRI, i-ultrasound, i-endoscopy okanye uvavanyo lwegazi endaweni yoko.
• Umahluko utshintsha oko i-CT inokukubona. Umahluko we-intravenous one-iodine unceda ekuvavanyeni imithambo yegazi, iithumba, usulelo kunye nokudumba, kodwa awusetyenziswa kuzo zonke izifundo kwaye unemiba yawo.
• Imithetho yokulungiselela ixhomekeke kwiyunithi ethile. Amaxesha okuzila ukutya, iindlela zokwahlulahlula izinto kunye nemiyalelo yokuqeshwa iyahluka phakathi kwezibhedlele kunye neeskena, imiyalelo ebhaliweyo yeyunithi yakho yokufota iza kuqala.

Ngokukrwaqula kanye

Kwaziwa njenge

• I-CT scan, i-computed tomography
• I-CAT scan (i-computerised axial tomography, igama elidala)
• Isisu se-CT, isifuba se-CT, ubuchopho be-CT, i-CT KUB, i-CT angiography (amagama athile asetyenziswa kwingingqi ethile kwimiyalelo kagqirha eIndiya)
• "I-City scan", indlela yokubiza esetyenziswa kakhulu kumasebe ezonyango angaphandle eIndiya
• I-Sonography, i-MRI kunye ne-CT ziimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, nangona zontathu zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"scan" kwintetho yemihla ngemihla.

Yintoni i-CT scan

Ngexesha le-CT scan, ityhubhu ye-X-ray ijikeleza umzimba wonke ngelixa itafile idlula kwiskena. Ikhompyutha iguqula amawaka emilinganiselo ibe ziingceba ezincinci, ezinokujongwa yingcali ye-radiologist kuyo nayiphi na indawo, kwaye apho iluncedo khona, njengee-reconstructions ezintathu-dimensional.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-X-ray ecacileyo, i-CT yahlula izakhiwo ezihambelanayo kwaye ibonisa izicubu ezithambileyo, amafutha, ulwelo, igazi, amathambo kunye ne-calcification ngeenkcukacha ezininzi. Ii-scanner zanamhlanje zifumana idatha ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza i-CT ibe luncedo xa isigulane singaphilanga, sinentlungu, siphefumla okanye singakwazi ukulala singashukumi ixesha elide.

I-CT ayilulo uvavanyo olunye. I-CT KUB ye-renal colic erhanelwayo, i-CT pulmonary angiogram ye-pulmonary embolism erhanelwayo kunye ne-CT brain eqhelekileyo ye-stroke erhanelwayo isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, izigqibo ezahlukeneyo zomahluko kunye needosi ezahlukeneyo zemitha. Ukucela iprotokholi engalunganga kunokuvelisa iskeni eqhelekileyo ngobuchwephesha engaphenduliyo umbuzo weklinikhi.

Kutheni kwenziwa i-CT scan

• Umonzakalo: ukuvavanywa kokwenzakala entloko, ukwenzakala esifubeni nasesiswini, kunye nokopha okurhanelekayo ngaphakathi okanye ukwaphuka.
• Iimpawu ezibukhali zobuchopho: Ubuchopho obuqhelekileyo be-CT buqhele ukuba luvavanyo lokuqala lomfanekiso kwi-stroke erhanelekayo, ikakhulu ukuchonga ukopha kunye nokukhokela izigqibo zonyango ezikhawulezileyo.
• Iingxaki zesifuba: ukuchaza izithunzi zemiphunga ezibonwa kwi-X-ray, ukuvavanya isifo semiphunga esingaphakathi kwe-interstitial, i-pneumonia enzima, kunye ne-pulmonary embolism erhanelwayo (ngokwahlukileyo).
• Intlungu yesisu kunye ne-pelvic: i-appendicitis ekucingelwa ukuba i-diverticulitis, ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, ithumba, iingxaki ze-pancreatitis kunye namatye omchamo.
• Ukhathalelo lomhlaza: ukufumana ithumba, ukuvavanya ukusasazeka kwalo, ukucwangcisa utyando okanye unyango ngemitha, kunye nokujonga indlela esabela ngayo kunyango.
• Uvavanyo lwemithambo yegazi: I-CT angiography ye-aortic aneurysm okanye ukuqhekeka kwayo, kunye nesifo semithambo yegazi.
• Isikhokelo senkqubo: I-biopsy ekhokelwa yi-CT kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi aqokelelweyo.
• Iinkcukacha zamathambo namalungu: Ukuqhekeka okuntsonkothileyo okanye okuncinci okungacacanga kwi-X-ray.

Ngubani ofanele afumane olu vavanyo

I-CT ifanelekile xa ugqirha egweba ukuba ulwazi olufunyenweyo luza kutshintsha indlela oluphathwa ngayo, kwaye xa umbuzo wezonyango uhambelana nomfanekiso we-X-ray osekelwe kwi-cross-sectional. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-CT ithathelwa ingqalelo kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Abantu abenzakele kakhulu, ingakumbi entloko, esifubeni, esiswini okanye emgogodleni.
• Abantu abadala ababuthathaka ngequbuliso, ubuso obutyhafileyo, intetho engacacanga okanye intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu ngequbuliso, apho kufuneka khona imifanekiso yobuchopho ngokukhawuleza.
• Izigulane ezineentlungu zesisu ezinzima okanye ezingachazwanga apho kurhanelwa ukuba kukho unobangela wolwakhiwo.
• Abantu abadala abaneentlungu ezibukhali ecaleni elinye zibonisa ilitye lomchamo, apho i-CT KUB engenazo iimpembelelo isetyenziswa rhoqo kubantu abadala abangakhulelwanga.
• Abantu abane-X-ray yesifuba engaqhelekanga, ukukhohlela okungapheliyo okuneempawu ezixhalabisayo, okanye ukurhanelwa kwe-pulmonary embolism.
• Izigulana ezinyangwa ngumhlaza ezifuna ukuxilongwa okanye ukulandelwa ngaxesha lithile ezigqitywe liqela le-oncology.

I-CT ayilonyathelo lokuqala elifanelekileyo: uhlolo oluqhelekileyo kumntu ophilileyo ongenazo iimpawu okanye uvavanyo lomngcipheko; uninzi lweengxaki zedolo, igxalaba okanye umqolo ezithambileyo (i-MRI ngokubanzi ingcono); uvavanyo lokuqala lwesisu esikhulelweyo okanye isisu sabantwana apho i-ultrasound idla ngokuthandwa khona; amaqhuma e-thyroid okanye amabele; kunye neempawu ezininzi ze-gallbladder, apho i-ultrasound idla ngokuba luvavanyo lokuqala. Iziphumo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zeklinikhi zomntu ngamnye.

Izinto ezingenakubonwa okanye ezingafakwanga kwi-CT scan

I-CT ineenkcukacha, kodwa ayiphelelanga. Ukucacisa iindawo ezingabonakaliyo kuyo kuthintela ukuqinisekiswa okungekho ngqiqweni.

• I-CT eqhelekileyo ayikhuseli isifo. "Akukho nto ingaqhelekanga echongiweyo" kuthetha ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga ebonwe kuloo mifanekiso ngaloo ndlela. Ayifani nokuthi "ayibandakanywanga".
• Istroke ye-ischemic yokuqala. Ingqondo eqhelekileyo ye-CT eyenziwa emva nje kokuba iimpawu ziqale ukubonakala ingabonakala iqhelekile nokuba umntu onesifo sohlangothi uqalisa ukugula. I-CT yenzelwe ikakhulu ukubona ukopha kwegazi kunye nezinye iziphumo ezingxamisekileyo; i-MRI inovelwano ngakumbi kwi-infarcts zakuqala okanye ezincinci, kunye ne-post circulation strokes.
• Iinkcukacha zezicubu ezithambileyo kunye ne-cartilage. I-CT ayisebenzi kakuhle kwi-ligaments, menisci, cartilage, spinal cord, bone marrow oedema kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi zobuchopho. I-MRI yeyona ndlela ingcono yokunyanga ezi ngxaki.
• Isifo se-mucosal. I-CT ayithathi indawo ye-endoscopy okanye i-colonoscopy. Izilonda zakuqala zesisu, umphimbo okanye i-mucosal yamathumbu zinokungabonakali kwi-CT.
• Isifo semithambo ye-coronary kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo. I-CT yesifuba eqhelekileyo ayivavanyi imithambo yentliziyo okanye umsebenzi wentliziyo. I-CT coronary angiography ezinikeleyo ivavanya i-anatomy kunye ne-stenosis kodwa ayivavanyi ukubaluleka kokusebenza kokuncipha; i-calcification enzima okanye isantya sentliziyo esingahambelaniyo sinokuyonakalisa uphando. I-CT yesifuba eqhelekileyo ayikhuphi i-angina.
• Umsebenzi ngokuchasene nolwakhiwo. I-CT ibonisa ukwakheka komzimba, hayi ukusebenza kwamalungu omzimba. Ukusebenza kwezintso, isibindi okanye imiphunga kufuna uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lomchamo okanye uvavanyo lokusebenza kwamaphaphu.
• Izilonda ezincinci okanye ezithe tyaba. Izilonda ezingaphantsi kwesisombululo sophando, okanye ngaphandle komahluko wobuninzi kwizicubu ezingqongileyo, zisenokungabonakali. Izifundo ezingangqinelaniyo ngokukodwa zinokuphoswa zizilonda ezibonakala kuphela emva komahluko.
• Isizathu sokufunyanwa kwento ethile. I-CT ingabonisa ubunzima, iqhubu, iqhubu le-lymph okanye ingqokelela, kodwa ayisoloko ikwazi ukutsho ukuba ngumhlaza, usulelo, isifo sephepha okanye into engeyongozi. Kufuneka uvavanyo lwe-biopsy, i-culture okanye olunye uvavanyo.
• Intlungu engenasizathu sokwakheka. Iingxaki ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, iingxaki zamathumbu angasebenzi kakuhle, i-migraine, uninzi lweentlungu zemisipha, iintlungu ze-neuropathic, zine-CT scans eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyaqhubeka, ziyanda okanye ziyatshintsha nangona ingxelo ye-CT iqhelekile, buyela kugqirha ocele ukuba kwenziwe iskeni. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo aziphelisi uvavanyo.

Iimviwo ezinxulumeneyo kodwa ezahlukeneyo

Ezi mvavanyo ziphendula imibuzo eyahlukeneyo. Akukho nanye ingcono kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuba yeyiphi eza kuqala ixhomekeke kwindlela ebonakala ngayo, umzekelo, iintlungu zesisu sasekunene ezibonisa ukuba ii-gallstones zihlala ziqala nge-ultrasound, intloko ebuhlungu ngesiquphe iqala nge-CT brain, kwaye ukugoba kwamadolo emva kokujika kudla ngokufuna i-MRI kune-CT.

Ukulungiselela

Ukulungiselela kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kummandla womzimba, indlela ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokuba ukwahlulahlula kucwangcisiwe na. Le yimiba yokusebenza eyahlukileyo phakathi kwezibhedlele kunye neeskena. Landela imiyalelo ebhaliweyo okanye yomlomo evela kwicandelo elenza iskena sakho; loo miyalelo ingaphezulu kwayo nayiphi na ingcebiso eqhelekileyo apha.

• Phatha amaphepha akho: ifomu kagqirha okanye yesicelo, iiskeni zangaphambili kunye neengxelo, kunye noluhlu lwamayeza akho angoku.
• Xelela iyunithi kwangaphambili ukuba ukhe wasabela ngaphambili kwi-iodine contrast, unesifo se-asthma, isifo sezintso, isifo se-thyroid, i-myeloma, ukhulelwe okanye ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe, okanye uncancisa.
• Ukuzila ukudla: Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa ukungalingani kwesisu ziquka ixesha lokuzila ukutya; uninzi lwee-scan ezingezizo ezokunciphisa ukungalingani, ezifana nobuchopho obuqhelekileyo be-CT, azidingi kuzila ukutya konke konke. Buza iyunithi yakho ukuba yintoni esebenzayo kwi-scan yakho.
• Umahluko womlomo: Kwezinye izifundo zesisu, unokucelwa ukuba usele isisombululo sokungafaniyo kangangexesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba uhlolwe. Oku kuyandisa ixesha lokudibana.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwakutshanje lokusebenza kwezintso (i-serum creatinine okanye i-eGFR) lunokufuneka ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe i-intravenous contrast, ingakumbi kubantu abadala, abantu abanesifo seswekile, isifo sezintso okanye abo basebenzisa amayeza athile.
• Impahla kunye nesinyithi: ungacelwa ukuba utshintshe ilokhwe uze ukhulule ubucwebe, iiphini zeenwele, iiglasi zeglasi, amazinyo okufakelwa, izixhobo zokuva kunye nayo nayiphi na intsimbi ekufutshane nendawo yokuskena.
• Zisa umntu kunye nawe ukuba kucetywayo ukuthomalalisa, okanye ukuba awuphilanga kakuhle okanye awuzinzanga.

Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye usenokuba ukhulelwe

Xelela i-radiographer kunye ne-radiologist ngaphambi kokuba uskene. I-CT ibandakanya i-ionizing radiation, kwaye uninzi lwemibuzo kukukhulelwa i-ultrasound okanye i-MRI iyakhethwa. I-CT ayivumelekanga kukukhulelwa, kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nokwenzakala okukhulu okanye ukurhanelwa kwe-pulmonary embolism, isenokuba luvavanyo olufanelekileyo, kunye nomthamo ogcinwe uphantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Isigqibo sesomntu ngamnye kwaye senziwe ngugqirha wakho wokubeletha kunye ne-radiologist. Ungaze ucinge ukuba uskene kufuneka ungavunyelwa okanye kufuneka wenziwe; buza.

Ukuba uncancisa

I-Iodine CT contrast ingena kubisi lwebele ngamanani amancinci kakhulu kwaye ayifunxwa kakuhle ngamathumbu omntwana. Uninzi lwezikhokelo luxhasa ukuqhubeka nokuncancisa emva kwe-Iodine CT contrast. Qinisekisa nogqirha wakho onyangayo kunye neyunithi yemifanekiso.

Ukuba unesifo seswekile

Musa ukuyeka, ukutsiba okanye ukutshintsha naluphi na unyango lwesifo seswekile ngokwakho. Ezinye iiyunithi zinika imiyalelo ethile malunga ne-metformin ejikeleze umahluko one-iodine, ngakumbi xa umsebenzi wezintso unciphile. Le miyalelo iyahluka ngokweyunithi nangomsebenzi wezintso zakho, buza ugqirha okunika amayeza okanye iyunithi yemifanekiso. Ukuba uceliwe ukuba uzile ukutya kwaye uthatha i-insulin okanye i-sulfonylurea, buza ngokukodwa indlela yokulawula iidosi zakho kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba iswekile yakho yehla, kwaye uphathe umthombo weglucose nawe.

Ukuba unesifo sezintso

Umahluko ofakwe kwi-iodine kwimithambo yegazi ufuna uvavanyo lokusebenza kwezintso. Kubantu abanomsebenzi wezintso onciphileyo kakhulu, iqela linokukhetha inkqubo engeyiyo i-contrast, uvavanyo olungeyolunye, umthamo onciphileyo we-contrast, okanye bathathe amanyathelo okufunxa amanzi emzimbeni. Ukuba ukwi-dialysis, xelela iyunithi ukuba ishedyuli ingahambelana neeseshoni zakho ze-dialysis.

Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye uthintelwe kulwelo

Nawuphi na umyalelo wokusela ulwelo okanye ulwahlulo lomlomo kufuneka uhlolwe ngokwemiqathango yakho yolwelo. Xelela iyunithi yemifanekiso kunye nogqirha wakho ukuze kulungiswe umthamo kunye nesicwangciso solwelo.

abantwana

I-CT ebantwaneni yenziwa kuphela xa ulwazi lufuneka ngokwenene, kunye neenkqubo zokunciphisa umthamo wabantwana. I-Ultrasound okanye i-MRI iyakhethwa apho inokuphendula khona umbuzo. Ukubulala okanye i-anesthesia ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa kuphela xa umntwana engenakukwazi ukuhlala ezolile kwaye ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo azifanelekanga; xa isetyenziswa, ifuna uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokubulala, imiyalelo yokuzila ukutya, ukujongwa kunye nexesha lokuchacha. Ukuphazamiseka, ubukho bomzali kunye nengcaciso ecokisekileyo kudla ngokuthintela ukudambisa, kuba amaxesha okwenyani okuskena adla ngokuba mafutshane kakhulu.

Abantu abadala abadala

Ukulala tyaba, ukubamba umphefumlo kunye nokudluliselwa etafileni nangaphandle kwayo kunokuba nzima. Xelela abasebenzi malunga nobunzima bokuva, ukungakwazi ukuphefumla, iintlungu zomqolo, ukungcangcazela okanye ukudideka ukuze kulungiselelwe uncedo olongezelelweyo. Ukusebenza kwezintso kudla ngokuncipha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, nto leyo echaphazela izigqibo zokungafani.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-CT scan

• Ukungena kunye nemvume: Ubuwena bakho, ummandla oceliweyo kunye nembali yakho ziyaqinisekiswa. Ukuba ukungafani kucwangcisiwe, imbali ye-allergy, ukusebenza kwezintso kunye namayeza ziyahlolwa.
• ICannula: Kwiizifundo zokwahlulahlula, i-cannula encinci ifakwa emthanjeni, ngesiqhelo engalweni.
• Ukubekwa: Ulala etafileni, ngesiqhelo ulele ngomqolo. Iintambo okanye izixhaso zingasetyenziselwa ukukunceda uhlale ungashukumi.
• Ukuskena: itafile ihamba ngesangqa esivulekileyo. Iskena senza izandi ezijikelezayo. Usenokuva imiyalelo erekhodiweyo yokuphefumla nokubamba umphefumlo wakho.
• Inaliti yokwahlulahlula: xa kunikwa umahluko, abantu abaninzi baziva befutha, incasa yesinyithi, okanye imvakalelo yokuphuma komchamo. Ezi mvakalelo ziyaphela kwimizuzwana embalwa. Xelela abasebenzi ngoko nangoko ukuba uziva ukurhawuzelela, ukudumba kobuso okanye imilebe, ukungakwazi ukuphefumla, ukuphefumla, isicaphucaphu ngequbuliso, okanye intlungu kwindawo yokutofa.
• Ukuqwalaselwa: emva komahluko, ungacelwa ukuba ulinde ixesha elifutshane ngaphambi kokuba i-cannula isuswe.

Ingaba inkqubo ithatha ixesha elingakanani

• Ukuskena okwenyani: Kwiiphando ezininzi ezithatha indawo enye, ukufunyanwa kwe-X-ray ngokwayo kuthatha imizuzwana ukuya ngaphantsi komzuzu.
• I-aphoyintimenti iyonke, iskena esingalinganiyo: idla ngokuba malunga nemizuzu eli-10-20, kuquka ukutshintsha, ukubeka indawo kunye nokujonga.
• Ixesha elipheleleyo lokubonana, ukuskena umahluko: idla ngokuba malunga nemizuzu engama-30-45, okuvumela ukutsalwa kwe-cannulation, ixesha lokutofa, izigaba ezininzi kunye nexesha elifutshane lokujonga.
• Iiprotokholi zokuthetha ngokuchaseneyo: ungongeza iyure okanye ngaphezulu, kuba isisombululo sithathwa ngamanqanaba ngaphambi kokuskena.
• I-biopsy okanye i-drainage ekhokelwa yi-CT: ixesha elide kakhulu, rhoqo iyure nangaphezulu, kunye nokuchacha kunye nokujonga.
• Abantwana abathomalalisiweyo okanye abathomalalisiweyo: Iskeni ihlala imfutshane, kodwa utyelelo lulonke luquka uvavanyo, ukuthomalalisa kunye nexesha lokuchacha.

Amaxesha okulinda ngosuku kunye nokuphendula ingxelo ayahluka phakathi kwezibonelelo kwaye kuxhomekeke ekubeni iskeni ingxamisekile na, ikwisibhedlele okanye iqhelekile na. Buza iyunithi yakho ukuba uza kuyifumana nini kwaye njani ingxelo kunye nemifanekiso.

Ukuqonda ingxelo yakho ye-CT

Ingxelo ye-CT ngokubanzi inecandelo lendlela yokusebenza (ummandla uskeniwe, umahluko usetyenzisiweyo), icandelo leziphumo ezichaza ilungu ngalinye okanye isakhiwo, kunye nombono okanye isiphelo esishwankathela ingcaciso yengcali ye-radiology kunye nazo naziphi na iingcebiso.

• Umbono ubaluleke kakhulu: kodwa ibhalwe ngugqirha othumelayo, ngokomxholo wolwazi lwezonyango olunikiweyo kwifomu yesicelo.
• "Ukufunyanwa okungalindelekanga" kuthetha ukuba kukho into ebonweyo enganxulumananga nesizathu sokuhlolwa. Iziphumo ezininzi ezingalindelekanga, ezifana nee-cysts ezilula zezintso, izilonda zesibindi ezincinci kunye namatye amancinci angavaliyo, azidingi nyango. Ezinye zifuna ukuboniswa imifanekiso elandelayo.
• Amabinzana achazayo akangoxilongo. "Isilonda seHypodense", "ukungacaci kweglasi engaphantsi komhlaba", "ukuxinana kwamafutha" okanye "i-lymph node edumileyo" zichaza ukubonakala. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa ukubonakala kunye neempawu, uhlolo kunye novavanyo.
• Ubungakanani bomlinganiselo buneempazamo ezingaphaya. Iimilimitha ezimbalwa zotshintsho olubonakalayo phakathi kweskeni zinokubonisa umlinganiselo okanye ukwahluka kwendlela yokulinganisa endaweni yokukhula ngokwenene, yiyo loo nto amaxesha okulandelelana ekhethwa ngononophelo.
• Ukuthelekiswa neeskeni ezindala kubalulekile. Gcina imifanekiso yangaphambili; ukuzinza ngokuhamba kwexesha kudla ngokuqinisekisa ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na indlela yokubona.
• Musa ukuzitolika. Ingxelo ye-CT kufuneka ifundwe nogqirha oyicelileyo. Loo gqirha ugqiba kwelokuba yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ngokulandelayo, ukuba kukho into ethile.

Xa iziphumo ze-CT zinokulahlekisa

Iziphumo ezinokucetyiswa ngobuxoki okanye zigqithiswe

• Intshukumo kunye nokuphefumla izinto zobugcisa ingabangela ukufiphala okufana nesilonda, i-dissection flap okanye isifo semiphunga.
• Izinto ezenziwe ngesinyithi kunye namazinyo ukusuka kwi-implants, ii-prostheses, ii-clip zotyando, ii-coils okanye umsebenzi wamazinyo kudala imicu efihla okanye ebonisa ngokungeyonyani ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga.
• Ukuqinisa imisebe kunye ne-streak artefact kufutshane nethambo, ingakumbi kwisiseko sekhakayi kunye ne-posterior fossa, zinokulinganisa okanye zifihle izilonda zobuchopho.
• Iimpazamo zokwahlula ixesha ingenza imithambo yegazi eqhelekileyo ibonakale ingaqhelekanga okanye yenze izicubu eziqhelekileyo zibonakale ziphucukile okanye zingaphucukanga ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukubonakala okungenabungozi kuphazanyiswa njengesifo esinzulu: Imiphunga ewileyo kodwa esempilweni, utshintsho lwemiphunga oluxhomekeke kuyo oluvela ekulaleni tyaba, isinyi esipheleleyo, umthwalo wendle, okanye ii-lymph nodes ezisebenzayo zonke zinokutolikwa ngokugqithisileyo.

Iziphumo ezinokuthi zingabikho okanye zingachazwanga kakuhle

• Ukuskena kwangethuba kakhulu kwisifo: i-infarct yasekuqaleni, i-appendicitis yasekuqaleni, i-osteomyelitis yasekuqaleni okanye ukudumba kwasekuqaleni kusenokungabonakalisi utshintsho kwi-CT.
• Akukho mahluko xa kwakufuneka umahluko: Ezinye iithumba, amathumba kunye nezilonda zemithambo yegazi azibonakali kakuhle kwi-CT engeyiyo i-contrast.
• Iprotokholi okanye ummandla ongalunganga: uphando olugubungela i-anatomy engalunganga, okanye ngaphandle kwesigaba esifunekayo, lunokubuyela "kwimeko eqhelekileyo" ngelixa lungayifumani ingxaki.
• Amafutha amancinci ajikelezileyo kubantu abancinci nakubantwana kunciphisa umahluko wendalo phakathi kwezakhiwo, okwenza kube nzima ukubona iziphumo ezifihlakeleyo.
• Isiqhelo somzimba omkhulu kwandisa ingxolo yomfanekiso kwaye kunokunciphisa ukuzithemba kokuxilonga.
• Umyinge womthamo kwiizilayi ezityebileyo zinokufihla izilonda ezincinci kakhulu.

Zombini iindlela zempazamo zizizathu zokugcina umfanekiso weklinikhi usembindini. Ukuba iskeni kunye neempawu azihambelani, iimpawu kusafuneka zichazwe.

Iingozi kunye nokhuseleko

Izifundo ezahlukeneyo ze-CT zineenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zomngcipheko. Ingqondo eqhelekileyo ye-CT, i-CT yesisu ephuculweyo kunye ne-CT-guided lung biopsy azilingani ngomngcipheko, kwaye akufuneki zichazwe ngengxelo enye yokhuseleko.

I midiyo

I-CT isebenzisa i-ionizing radiation, kwaye idosi iphezulu kuneye-X-ray ecacileyo yendawo efanayo. Idosi ixhomekeke kwilungu lomzimba, inani lezigaba, iskena kunye neprotokholi esetyenzisiweyo. Kumntu omdala oskeniweyo ngesizathu esicacileyo seklinikhi, inzuzo yolwazi lokuxilonga idla ngokuba ngaphezu komngcipheko omncinci wethiyori wexesha elide. Iingxaki ziyanda ngokuskeni okuphindaphindiweyo, ngokuskeni ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci, kunye nokuskeni okungabalulekanga ngokwezonyango. Amanyathelo afanelekileyo onokuwathatha: gcina iikopi zeskeni zakho ukuze uphando lungaphindi ngokungeyomfuneko, kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho ukuba iskeni iza kutshintsha ntoni.

I-CT engangqinelaniyo

I-CT engenazo ii-contrast ayibandakanyi inaliti. Ngaphandle kokuvezwa kwimitha, imiba ephambili kukusebenza, ukungonwabi kwindawo ethile kunye nesidingo sokulala ungashukumi.

Umahluko ofakwe kwimithambo yegazi

• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo nezincinci: ubushushu, ukurhawuzelela, incasa yesinyithi, isicaphucaphu esifutshane.
• Iimpendulo zohlobo lwe-allergy ukusuka ekurhawuzeleni kunye namaqhuqhuva ukuya kwiimpendulo ezingaqhelekanga ezichaphazela ukuphefumla kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iiyunithi zomfanekiso zixhotyiswe kwaye zinabasebenzi bokulawula ezi zinto, yiyo loo nto ujongwa emva kokufakwa inaliti.
• Ukugqithisa: Ukuvuza okuchaseneyo kwizicubu ezijikeleze umthambo kubangela iintlungu kunye nokudumba; xelela abasebenzi ngoko nangoko ukuba uziva oku.
• Iziphumo zezintso: Ukulimala kwezintso okunxulumene nomahluko akuqhelekanga kubantu abanomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wezintso, kodwa umngcipheko uthathwa njengokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye namayeza athile.
• Idlala lengqula: Umahluko oxutywe ne-iodine unokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-thyroid kubantu abasengozini; khankanya isifo se-thyroid esaziwayo.

Umahluko womlomo nowerectal

Ihlala inyamezeleka kakuhle. Ingabangela isicaphucaphu, ukudumba okanye indle ekhululekileyo. Umahluko phakathi kwerectal ubangela ukungakhululeki okwethutyana kunye nokuziva ugcwele.

Ukuphelisa isiyezi kunye ne-anesthesia

Isetyenziswa kuphela xa kuyimfuneko, ikakhulu kubantwana abancinci okanye kubantu abangakwaziyo ukuhlala bezolile. Iingozi zinxulumene nokuphefumla kunye nendlela yomoya, ngoko ke kufuneka uvavanyo lwangaphambi kovavanyo, ukuzila ukutya, ukujonga kunye nendawo yokuchacha.

Iinkqubo ezikhokelwa yi-CT

I-biopsy kunye nokukhupha amanzi emzimbeni zithwala iingozi ezongezelelweyo kuquka ukopha, usulelo, iintlungu, kwaye, kwi-biopsy yemiphunga, i-pneumothorax. Ezi nkqubo ziquka imvume eyahlukileyo kunye nesicwangciso esithile sokhathalelo emva konyango. Iziphumo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zeklinikhi nganye.

Iimeko ezikhethekileyo

Ukukhulelwa

I-Ultrasound kunye ne-MRI zihlala zikhethwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Xa i-CT iyimfuneko ngokwezonyango, yenziwa ngomthamo ophantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye neqela lababelethisi libandakanyekayo. Kwamatye omchamo akrokrelwayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, i-ultrasound luvavanyo lokuqala oluqhelekileyo kune-CT KUB. Soloko wazisa abasebenzi ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bakhulelwe.

Abantwana kunye nentsha

I-CT yabantwana isebenzisa iiprotokholi zedosi ephantsi ezilungelelaniswe nobunzima nobukhulu kwaye ilinganiselwe kwiimeko apho iya kutshintsha ulawulo. Kwi-appendicitis ekrokrelwayo ebantwaneni, i-ultrasound idla ngokuba linyathelo lokuqala lokujonga imifanekiso kwiiyunithi ezininzi, kunye ne-CT okanye i-MRI egcinelwe iimeko ezingagqibekanga.

Isifo seswekile kunyango lokwehlisa iswekile

Imiyalelo yokuzila ukutya kunye neengcebiso ezinxulumene ne-metformin zombini zifuna ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso. Thetha nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba utshintshe nantoni na. Phatha amayeza akho aqhelekileyo kunye nomthombo weglucose ukuya kwintlanganiso.

Izifo zesifo esingapheliyo

Umsebenzi wezintso umisela ukuba umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwegazi usetyenziswa ngemithambo, ngobungakanani bomthamo, kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo okhuseleko. Ezinye iindlela ezifana ne-ultrasound, i-MRI okanye i-non-contrast CT protocol zihlala zifumaneka. Izigulana ze-Dialysis zifuna ukulungelelaniswa kweshedyuli.

Ukumelwa yintliziyo

Ukulala phantsi kunokubangela ukuba kube nzima ukuphefumla; xelela abasebenzi ukuze kucwangciswe indawo kunye nexesha lokubeka. Umthamo wamanzi kunye nomthamo wombala ochaseneyo kufuneka uthobele naluphi na uthintelo lolwelo.

I-Claustrophobia kunye nexhala

I-CT scanner yiringi emfutshane, evulekileyo endaweni yetonela ende, kwaye amaxesha okuskena mafutshane, ngoko ke i-CT idla ngokunyanyezelwa ngcono kune-MRI ngabantu abane-claustrophobia. Xelela abasebenzi kwangaphambili ukuba uxhalabile.

Impendulo yomahluko eyaziwayo yangaphambili

Xelela iyunithi kwangethuba. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobukhali bempendulo yangaphambili, iqela lingasebenzisa inkqubo engeyiyo eyokuchasana, likhethe uvavanyo olwahlukileyo, lisebenzise iarhente eyahlukileyo yochasana, okanye licebe ulungiselelo lonyango olulungiselelwe kwangaphambili kunye nokubeka esweni.

Ii-CT scans kumxholo waseIndiya

• Isigama: Imiyalelo idla ngokufundeka ngolu hlobo "CT brain plain", "CECT abdominal" (contrast-enhanced CT), "CT KUB" okanye "HRCT chest". Igama elithi "CECT" lithetha nje ukuba kusetyenziswe i-contrast. Izigulane zihlala zisithi "city scan", kwaye zingasebenzisa "scan" ngokutshintshana kwi-CT, i-MRI kunye ne-sonography, zicacisa ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olucetyisiweyo.
• Isifo sephepha: I-TB ixhaphakile eIndiya kwaye inokubangela amaqhuqhuva emiphungeni, imingxunya, ukuqina, ukwanda kwamaqhuqhuva e-lymph, utshintsho lwesisu nomqolo oluhambelana kakhulu nomhlaza kunye nezinye izifo kwi-CT. I-CT yodwa ayisoloko ikwazi ukwahlula i-TB kwisifo somhlaza; uvavanyo lwe-sputum, uvavanyo lweemolekyuli, iisampulu zezicubu kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi zihlala zifuneka.
• Ukuzithumela ngokwakho kunye nokufota kwakhona: I-CT engena ngaphandle kovavanyo lweklinikhi ixhaphakile. Oku kunokuthetha imitha engeyomfuneko, ixhala elingeyomfuneko malunga neziphumo ezingalindelekanga, kunye nokuskena okuphindwe kabini. I-CT iluncedo kakhulu xa ugqirha ewubuzile umbuzo kuqala.
• Phatha umfanekiso wakho wangaphambili. Ukugcina iifilimu, iiCD okanye iikopi zedijithali zeziskeni zangaphambili kudla ngokuthintela ukuskena okuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kunceda ekuvavanyeni ukuba ngaba okufunyenweyo kutsha na.
• UMthetho we-PC-PNDT, ka-1994: Lo mthetho ulawula ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokuxilonga ukuze kuchongwe isondo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ukuchonga isondo lomntwana ongekazalwa akuvumelekanga eIndiya. Nangona lo Mthetho udla ngokuxoxwa ngawo ngokunxulumene ne-ultrasound, akukho vavanyo lomfanekiso olunokusetyenziswa ekuchongeni isondo lomntwana ongekazalwa, kwaye izibonelelo ezibhalisiweyo zisebenza phantsi kweemfuno ezingqongqo zamaxwebhu.
• Ulawulo lwemitha: Ukufakelwa kwe-CT eIndiya kusebenza phantsi kweemfuno zokhuseleko lwemitha ezijongwa yiBhodi yoLawulo lwaMandla eAtomic, kubandakanya ukubhaliswa kwezixhobo kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Ubumfihlo bedatha: imifanekiso yakho yokuskena kunye neengxelo ziyidatha yempilo yobuqu. Phantsi koMthetho woKhuseleko lweDatha yoBuqu yeDijithali, ka-2023, amaziko aphatha idatha yakho aneembopheleleko ezichaziweyo malunga nemvume kunye nokusetyenziswa.
• Ukufikelela: Ukufumaneka kweenkqubo eziphambili ezifana ne-CT coronary angiography, i-dual-energy CT okanye i-CT-guided intervention kwahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezixeko, izithili kunye namaziko ngamanye.

Ixabiso kunye ne-inshurensi eIndiya

Amaxabiso e-CT eIndiya ayahluka kakhulu kwaye akukho xabiso linye likazwelonke. Endaweni yokucaphula inani, kungcono ukuqonda ukuba yintoni eqhuba ixabiso.

• Ummandla womzimba kunye nenani leengingqi iskeniwe, i-CT yengingqi enye ibiza kancinci kunesifundo semimandla emininzi.
• Ukusetyenziswa komahluko: izifundo eziphuculweyo kunye nezifundo zezigaba ezininzi zibiza ngaphezulu kunee-scan ezingezizo ezomahluko ngenxa yearhente, izinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nexesha elongezelelweyo.
• Ubunzima beprotocol: I-CT angiography, i-CT coronary angiography, i-dual-energy CT, i-CT enterography kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kwe-3D zibiza ngaphezulu kunezifundo eziqhelekileyo.
• Ukuveliswa kweskena: inani eliphezulu leeslayidi kwaye izikena ezintsha zihlala zibiza ngokwahlukileyo.
• Icwangcisa: izibonelelo zikarhulumente nezixhaswa ngemali, amaziko okuxilonga azimeleyo, kunye nezibhedlele zenkampani zahlukile kakhulu. Amanani ezigulane ezilaliswayo ahlukile kumanani ezigulane ezingalaliswanga.
• Isixeko kunye nendawoAmaxabiso e-metro ngokubanzi ayahluka kwiidolophu ezincinci.
• Ukungxamiseka kunye nexeshaIinkonzo zengxamiseko, emva kweeyure zomsebenzi kunye nengxelo yosuku olufanayo zinokubiza iindleko ezongezelelweyo.
• Faka-ons: ukuthomalalisa okanye ukuthomalalisa isicaphucaphu, uvavanyo lwegazi ngaphambi kokuskena, ii-cannula kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo, iikopi zefilimu okanye zeCD, kunye neengxelo ze-radiologist okanye iintlawulo zoluvo lwesibini.
• Ukungenelela