I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Yintoni eboniswa yi-Heart Tracking? Nento engenakukwazi ukuyenza

Ukuthatha okuphambili

• Iyakhawuleza kwaye ayihlaseli: irekhodi ye-ECG eqhelekileyo ene-12-lead imizuzwana embalwa kwaye ayibangeli ntlungu.
• Yifoto emfutshane: I-ECG eqhelekileyo ichaza umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo kuphela ngaloo mizuzwana.
• Ayibonisi imithambo yegazi okanye iivalvu: I-ECG ibonisa imiqondiso yombane, hayi ukuhamba kwegazi, ukuvaleka okanye ulwakhiwo lwevalvu.
• Imfuno yokutolika: ukulandelwa okufanayo kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo komnye umntu kwaye kube yinto ebalulekileyo komnye umntu.
• Iimpawu ezihlala zihleli zigqitha iziphumo eziqhelekileyo: ukuba iintlungu zesifuba okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo kuyaqhubeka, buyela kugqirha wakho.

Ngokukrwaqula kanye

Kwaziwa njenge

• I-ECG, i-EKG (upelo oluvela kwisiJamani, i-electrocardiogramm)
• I-Electrocardiogram, i-electrocardiography
• "Uvavanyo lwe-ECG", "ukulandelela intliziyo", "uvavanyo lwegrafu yentliziyo", "i-ECG enama-12"
• Ukusetyenziswa kwesiHindi/kwemveli kwiikliniki zaseIndiya: "dil ka ECG", "dil ki jaanch wali machine"

Yintoni i-ECG

Ukubetha kwentliziyo nganye kuqala njenge-electric impulse kwi-sinus node, isasazeke kwi-atria, idlule kwi-atrioventricular node ize ihambe iye kwi-ventricles. I-ECG ithatha olu tshintsho lwe-voltage kumphezulu wesikhumba ize iluprinte njengamaza: i-P wave (i-atrial activation), i-QRS complex (i-ventricular activation) kunye ne-T wave (i-ventricular recovery). Ii-electrodes ezilishumi zivelisa "iimbono" ezilishumi elinesibini ezahlukeneyo zombane zentliziyo.

Umatshini we-ECG sisixhobo sokumamela. Awudluliseli umbane emzimbeni.

Kutheni kwenziwa i-ECG

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye uxinzelelo lwesifuba: ukujonga iipatheni ze-acute ishaemia okanye i-infarction, kunye nokukhokela izigqibo zonyango ezikhawulezileyo.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukucima kombane okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla: ukurekhoda isigqi ukuba kukho uphawu, kunye nokujonga iingxaki ezibangelwa kukuhamba okanye ukuphinda-phinda ukusebenza.
• Ukuphefumla okunzima: njengenxalenye yovavanyo olubanzi lwentliziyo kunye nokuphefumla.
• Isifo sentliziyo esaziwayo: ukulandelwa kwe-arrhythmia, i-myocardial infarction yangaphambili, ukusilela kwentliziyo okanye i-cardiomyopathy.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pacemaker okanye i-ICD: kunye nophando olusemthethweni lwesixhobo.
• Ukubeka iliso kumayeza kunye ne-electrolyte: Amanye amayeza achaphazela ixesha le-QT; ukuphazamiseka kwe-potassium kunye ne-calcium kutshintsha iimilo zamaza.
• Ngaphambi kotyando okanye ngaphambi kokuqala unyango oluthile, apho imeko yeklinikhi ifuna oko.

Ngubani ofanele afumane olu vavanyo

• Nabani na onentlungu esifubeni, uxinzelelo, okanye intlungu esasazeka emhlathini, entanyeni okanye engalweniOku kufuna i-ECG engxamisekileyo, kungekhona idinga elicwangcisiweyo.
• Abantu abanentliziyo ebuhlungu, abaphelelwa ngamandla ngendlela engachazekiyo, okanye abanesifo sokuwa kwentliziyo ngendlela engalawulekiyo.
• Abantu abanesifo semithambo yegazi esaziwayo, ukusilela kwentliziyo, isifo sevalvu okanye isifo sentliziyo esibangelwa yirheumatic njengoko kuyalelwe yingcali yentliziyo yabo.
• Abantu abanesifo segazi eliphantsi, isifo seswekile okanye isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo xa ugqirha ehlola ukubandakanyeka kwentliziyo.
• Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza aziwa ngokuba nefuthe ekuhanjisweni kwentliziyo okanye kwisithuba se-QT, xa umcebisi ecebisa ukuba kubekwe esweni.
• Abadlali bezemidlalo kunye nabadlali abakhuphisanayo apho kusebenza khona inkqubo yokuhlolwa, kunye nabantu abanembali yosapho yokufa ngesiquphe kwentliziyo okanye isifo sentliziyo esizuzwe njengelifa.
• Abantu bahlolwa ngaphambi kotyando olukhulu, ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka, iimpawu kunye nokugula okuhambisana noko kunokuba kusekelwe rhoqo kumntu wonke.

I-ECG eqhelekileyo kumntu ongenazo iimpawu kwaye engenazo izinto ezinobungozi idla ngokongeza izinto ezimbalwa kwaye inokubangela iziphumo ezingalindelekanga ezikhokelela kuvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Ukuba i-ECG iluncedo kuwe kukugweba ngokwezonyango.

Izinto ezingenakubonwa okanye ezingafunwa yi-ECG

Le yeyona nxalenye ingaqondwa kakuhle yovavanyo.

• Ayinakuyisusa isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. I-ECG ephumlayo idla ngokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kubantu abanokuncipha okukhulu kwemithambo yentliziyo. I-ECG ayiboni kwaphela imithambo yentliziyo.
• Ayinakuyikhupha yodwa i-heart attack. Kwasekuqaleni kwesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, i-ECG ingabonakala iqhelekile okanye iphantse ibe yeqhelekileyo. Ukuxilongwa kudla ngokufuna ii-ECG ezilandelelanayo kunye ne-cardiac troponin kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi.
• Ayikwazi ukubamba ngokuthembekileyo i-arrhythmia engahambelaniyo. Ukuba isingqisho esingaqhelekanga asenzeki ngaloo mizuzwana imbalwa, umkhondo uya kubonakala uqhelekile. Kufuneka uqwalaselo olukhawulezileyo.
• Ayilinganisi umsebenzi wepompo. Inxalenye yokukhupha igazi, ukuncitshiswa okanye ukuvuza kwevalvu, ulwelo lwe-pericardial kunye namahlwili yimibuzo ye-echocardiography, hayi imibuzo ye-ECG.
• Ayilinganisi uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol okanye ipesenti yokuvaleka kwegazi.
• Ayikwazi ukubona iingxaki zemiphunga okanye ze-aorta. I-Pulmonary embolism kunye ne-aortic dissection zinokubangela utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwi-ECG okanye zingabikho; kufuneka imifanekiso.
• "I-ECG eqhelekileyo" ithetha ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga efunyenweyo kuloo rekhodi. Akufani "nesifo sentliziyo esingabandakanywanga". Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyaqhubeka okanye zibuya nangona i-ECG iqhelekile, buyela kugqirha wakho.

Iimviwo ezinxulumeneyo kodwa ezahlukeneyo

Ezi mvavanyo ziphendula imibuzo eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba yeyiphi eza kuqala ixhomekeke kwindlela ezibonakala ngayo: intlungu yesifuba eqatha ngequbuliso ikhokelela kwi-ECG kunye ne-troponin; ukubetheka kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga kukhokelela ekujongeni umntu ohambahambayo; ukungakwazi ukuphefumla okune-murmur kukhokelela kwi-echocardiography; intlungu yesifuba eqhubekayo kwisigulana esizinzileyo inokukhokelela kuvavanyo loxinzelelo okanye kwi-CT coronary angiography kuxhomekeke kumngcipheko kunye nokufumaneka kwendawo.

Ukulungiselela

Uninzi lweeyunithi aludingi lungiselelo lukhethekileyo lwe-ECG yokuphumla. Iiprotokholi zahlukile phakathi kwezibhedlele kunye namaziko okuxilonga, kwaye imiyalelo enikwe yiyunithi yakho ibaluleke ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na into ebhalwe apha.

• Akukho kuzila ukutya iyadingeka kwi-ECG yokuphumla eqhelekileyo.
• Impahla: Nxiba into evumela ukufikelela esifubeni, ezihlahleni nasemaqatheni. Impahla eneempahla ezimbini ilula kunempahla eneempahla enye.
• Isikhumba: Ziphephe ioyile, i-moisturiser okanye i-talcum powder esifubeni ngaloo mini, njengoko ezi zinto zinciphisa ukudibana kwe-electrode. Amanye amadoda anokufuna ukuba iinwele zawo zichetywe kancinci.
• Amachiza: Zisa uluhlu lwakho lwangoku. Musa ukuyeka, ukutsiba okanye ukutshintsha naluphi na unyango olunikiweyo ngaphambi kwe-ECG ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha okunika amayeza ukuxelele ukuba wenze njalo.
• Ukuzibhokoxa okukhulu kunye nezinto ezivuselelayo: Ukuzilolonga ngamandla, isixa esikhulu se-caffeine, icuba okanye utywala ngaphambi nje kovavanyo kunokunyusa izinga lentliziyo kwaye kwenze ukutolika kube nzima. Phumla imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuba urekhode.
• Xelela abasebenzi ukuba une-pacemaker okanye i-ICD, imeko yesikhumba okanye i-allergy ye-adhesive, i-chest dressing, okanye ukuba uneentlungu.

Ukuba ukhulelwe

I-ECG yokuphumla isetyenziswa xa ukhulelwe xa kubonisiwe ngokwezonyango. Akukho mitha yelanga. Isantya sentliziyo sidla ngokuba phezulu xa ukhulelwe kwaye kukho utshintsho oluthile kwi-axis nakwi-repolarisation, ngoko ke umkhondo ufundwa ngokuchasene nemigangatho yokukhulelwa. Ukulala phantsi kusenokungakhululeki xa ukhulelwe kamva, xelela ingcali, njengoko indawo ethe tye ingasetyenziswa.

abantwana

Ii-ECG zabantwana zisebenzisa ii-electrode ezincinci kwaye, okubalulekileyo, ukutolikwa ngokweminyaka ethile. Amanani entliziyo, amaxesha kunye neepateni zamaza eziqhelekileyo kusana olusandul' ukuzalwa aziqhelekanga kumntu omdala. I-ECG yabantwana kufuneka ixelwe ngokuchasene nemigangatho yabantwana.

Abantu abadala abadala

Utshintsho oluncinci lokuhambisa kunye nokungahambi kakuhle okungaqhelekanga kuqhelekile ngokweminyaka kwaye akuzizo izifo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuthelekiswa ne-ECG yangaphambili kudla ngokuba luncedo ngakumbi kunokulandelela kuphela.

Abantu abanesifo seswekile, i-CKD okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo

Akukho miqathango yolwelo okanye yokuzila ukutya isebenza kwi-ECG yokuphumla, ngoko ke imiyalelo yala maqela ayitshintshi. Iimpawu ze-ischemia zinokuba zincinci okanye zingaqheleki kwisifo seswekile esidala, ngoko ke i-ECG ingacelwa kwiimpawu ezingacacanga ezifana nokudinwa okungaqhelekanga okanye ukuphefumla. Kwi-CKD kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo, i-potassium kunye nezinye iinguqu ze-electrolyte zinokutshintsha i-ECG ngokuzimeleyo kwentliziyo ngokwayo.

Isixhobo sokunceda abantu abanesifo sentliziyo okanye isixhobo esifakelweyo

I-ECG ingarekhodwa ngokukhuselekileyo nge-pacemaker okanye i-ICD endaweni yayo, kwaye inceda ukubonisa ukuba isixhobo sihamba ngesantya esifanelekileyo na. Ayithathi indawo yophando olusemthethweni lwesixhobo oluqhutywa liqela le-cardiology.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-ECG

• Ukubekwa: ulala esofeni. Isifuba, izihlakala kunye namaqatha zibonakala xa kufuneka; ishiti okanye ilokhwe isetyenziselwa ubumfihlo, kwaye ungacela umlindi ongumfazi.
• Ukubekwa kwe-Electrode: Ii-electrode ezilishumi zincamathiselwe ngeejeli okanye ii-adhesive pads, ezintandathu esifubeni, enye kwilungu ngalinye. Ukubekwa ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile, kuba iileyiti ezilahlekileyo zivelisa umkhondo olahlekisayo.
• Ukurekhoda: Ucelwa ukuba ulale ungashukumi, uphefumle ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwaye ungathethi imizuzwana embalwa. Intshukumo, ukungcangcazela kunye nokuthetha kudala into ethile.
• Emva: ii-electrode zixotyulwe. Akukho xesha lokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwaye ungabuyela kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo kwangoko. Ijeli ingasulwa; ulusu lunokuba pinki okwethutyana apho ii-pads zincamathiselwe khona.

Ixesha elithathayo le nkqubo

• Ukulandelela ngokwako: idla ngokuba malunga nemizuzwana eli-10 yokurekhoda.
• Egumbini: ngokuqhelekileyo imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 kuquka ukubeka indawo kunye nokubekwa kwe-electrode.
• Utyelelo lonke: idla ngokuba yimizuzu eli-15-20 ngokubhalisa nokulinda, nangona oku kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiyunithi.
• Ingxelo: Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, i-ECG ifundwa kwimizuzu embalwa ecaleni kwebhedi. Kwiimvavanyo zezigulane ezingalaliswanga, ixesha lokunika ingxelo lixhomekeke kwindlela esebenza ngayo iyunithi, buza kwindawo yokwamkela xa uthatha izigulane.

Ukuqonda ingxelo yakho ye-ECG

Ingxelo ye-ECG idla ngokuba neenxalenye ezintathu: amanani alinganisiweyo, utoliko oluveliswe yikhompyutha, kunye nokufunda kukagqirha ngokwakhe. Ukufunda kukagqirha yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Utoliko oluzenzekelayo ludla ngokuba luphosakele, kwaye lugqithise kakhulu ukwenziwa kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga.

Imigaqo onokuyibona:

• Isingqisho esiqhelekileyo se-sinus: I-intlupheko iqala kwindawo eqhelekileyo kwaye ihamba ngokwesiqhelo.
• I-Sinus tachycardia / i-sinus bradycardia: isigqi esiqhelekileyo esikhawulezayo okanye esicothayo kunesiqhelo. Zombini zinezizathu ezininzi ezingenabungozi, ixhala, umkhuhlane, iintlungu, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, i-anemia, isifo se-thyroid, umgangatho wokomelela komzimba okanye amayeza.
• I-Atrial fibrillation: isigqi esingaqhelekanga esivela kwi-atria, kubalulekile ngenxa yomngcipheko we-stroke kwaye kuba idla ngokufuna unyango oluthile.
• Iintlungu zesisu / ukubetha kwangaphambi kwexesha: Ukubetha okungaphezulu. Idla ngokuba yingozi, kodwa i-ectopy okanye i-ectopy ehlala ikhona eneempawu ivavanywa ngakumbi.
• Ibhloko ye-AV yenqanaba lokuqala, ibhloko yesebe yebhanti yasekunene, i-RBBB engaphelelanga: iipatheni zokuqhuba ezinokuba lutshintsho oluqhelekileyo kwabanye abantu kwaye zibaluleke kwabanye.
• Ibhloko yesebe le-bundle yasekhohlo, ukuphakama kwe-ST entsha okanye ukudodobala, ukuguqulwa kwamaza e-T, amaza e-Q: iipateni ezifuna ulwalamano olukhawulezileyo lweklinikhi kunye nokuthelekiswa nayo nayiphi na i-ECG yangaphambili.
• I-hypertrophy ye-ventricular yasekhohlo "ngokwemigangatho ye-voltage": icebiso lombane lemisipha etyebileyo, hayi umlinganiselo. I-Echocardiography ihlola oku ngokufanelekileyo.
• I-QT ende okanye emfutshane: zinxulumene nomngcipheko we-arrhythmia kunye namayeza athile. Xoxa nogqirha wakho, kwaye ungayeki iyeza ngokwakho.
• "Utshintsho lwe-ST-T olungachazwanga": Ibinzana eliqhelekileyo elithetha ukuba ukulandelwa kwesi sifo akuqhelekanga kwincwadi yesifundo kodwa akubonisi naluphi na uxilongo. Lodwa alusoloko lubangela ixhala; kumntu oneempawu ezibangela ukuba umntu ahlolwe ngakumbi.

Ngabom, akukho zikhefu zereferensi zamanani ezidweliswe kweli phepha. Izinga eliqhelekileyo lesantya sentliziyo kunye nezikhefu ze-PR, i-QRS kunye ne-QT zixhomekeke kubudala, isini, izinga lentliziyo, imeko yomzimba, amayeza kunye nendlela yokulinganisa esetyenzisiweyo, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngugqirha onika ingxelo. Inani elinye ngaphandle koluhlu lweencwadi zezifundo aliloxilongo. Iziphumo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zeklinikhi nganye, kwaye i-ECG yakho kufuneka itolikwe ngokwemeko ngugqirha oyicelileyo.

Xa iziphumo ze-ECG zinokulahlekisa

Iziphumo ezinokubonakala zingaqhelekanga

• Ukubekwa kwelothe endaweni yayo okanye ukubekwa kwemilenze engasemva: ingalinganisa ukubetheka, ukuphambuka kwe-axis okanye ukungaqheleki kwesingqisho.
• Intshukumo, ukungcangcazela, ukungcangcazela okanye ukuthetha: izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokulinganisa i-arrhythmia. Ukungcangcazela kweParkinson kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela oku.
• Ixhala, iintlungu, umkhuhlane, ukuzilolonga okanye izinto ezivuselelayo: ukunyusa izinga kwaye kunokubangela utshintsho kwi-ST-T.
• Ukuhlala komzimba, izicubu zebele, i-emphysema okanye ubungakanani bomzimba omkhulu: ukutshintsha ubukhulu besignali kwaye kunokuthetha ngokungeyonyani, okanye ukufihla, i-hypertrophy.
• Iinguqulelo eziqhelekileyo: Ukuphinda kwangethuba kwesifo kunye neepateni ze-T-wave eziselula kubantu abancinci, abasempilweni okanye abakwimidlalo zihlala zifundwa ngokugqithisileyo njenge-ischaemia.
• Ukutolikwa kwekhompyutha: ii-algorithms zidla ngokuxela ngokugqithisileyo ukungaqhelekanga, kwaye igama elishicilelweyo elifana nelithi "infarct" kwi-strip aliloxilongo.

Izinto ezifunyenweyo ezinokubonakala ziqhelekile okanye ziqinisekisa ngokungeyonyani

• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwangoko kakhulu: I-ECG isenokungabonakali kwiiyure zokuqala; ukulandelwa okuphindaphindiweyo kudla ngokutshintsha.
• Isifo sentliziyo esizinzileyo: ivelisa i-ECG yokuphumla eqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo okungapheliyo: ayibonakali ngaphandle kokuba yenzeka ngexesha lokurekhoda.
• Ibhulokhi yesebe ekhohlo esele ikho, isingqisho esihamba ngesantya okanye ukubetheka okudala: inokufihla utshintsho olutsha lwe-ischemic.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwendawo engasemva okanye ekwahlukileyo: isenokungamelwa kakuhle kwiiledi ezisemgangathweni.
• Iziphumo zamayeza: Amanye amayeza ayacothisa isantya okanye atshintshe ukuhanjiswa, nto leyo ethomalalisa iziphumo.

Ngenxa yeendlela zombini zempazamo, i-ECG ifundwa kunye neempawu zakho, uhlolo, umkhondo wangaphambili, kwaye apho kufuneka khona, uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nemifanekiso.

Iingozi kunye nokhuseleko

I-ECG yokuphumla ene-12-lead

Ukurekhoda i-ECG yokuphumla yinkqubo engenabungozi bungako. Akukho mitha, akukho naliti kwaye akukho mbane ungeniswa emzimbeni. Iingxaki zokwenyani kukurhawuzelelwa kancinci kwesikhumba okanye ukuba bomvu ngenxa yee-adhesive pads, ukungonwabi ukuba iinwele zesifuba zichetyiwe, kunye nokulahleka kobumfihlo okwethutyana ngexesha lokufakwa kwe-electrode.

Ukubeka iliso kwi-ambulatory (i-Holter, i-patch, i-event monitor)

Iingxaki eziphambili kukurhawuzelelwa lusu phantsi kwee-electrode ezigugileyo, ukurhawuzelelwa, kunye nemiqathango yokuhlamba ngelixa isixhobo sinamathele. Landela imiyalelo yeyunithi yesixhobo esithile.

Uxinzelelo (umthambo) ECG

I-ECG yoxinzelelo ineprofayili yomngcipheko eyahlukileyo nephezulu kune-ECG yokuphumla, kuba intliziyo ixinezelekile ngabom. Iingozi ezingaqhelekanga kodwa eziqatshelwayo ziquka iintlungu zesifuba ezibangelwa yintlungu, ukungalingani kwentliziyo, utshintsho oluphawulekayo loxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuquleka, kwaye, ngokungaqhelekanga, iziganeko ezinzulu zentliziyo. Yenziwa ngononophelo kunye neendawo zokuvuselela ezikhoyo, kwaye ayifanelekanga kuye wonke umntu, umzekelo, ngexesha lesifo sentliziyo esirhanelwayo okanye kwezinye iintlobo zesifo sevalve esinzima. Ugqirha ocela ukuba yenziwe uvavanya ezi zinto ngokwahlukeneyo.

Iingxelo zokhuseleko zohlobo oluthile lwe-ECG akufuneki zisetyenziswe kusapho lonke lweemvavanyo.

Iimeko ezikhethekileyo

Ukukhulelwa

Ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokungaphefumli kakuhle kuqhelekile xa ukhulelwe kwaye uvavanyo lwe-ECG ludla ngokuba lolokuqala. Lukhuselekile malunga nemitha. Utoliko kufuneka luqwalasele utshintsho olunxulumene nokukhulelwa kwisantya, i-axis kunye namaza e-T. Iimpawu ezintsha ezibalulekileyo xa ukhulelwe okanye emva kokubeletha zifuna ukuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza endaweni yokuqinisekiswa.

Abantwana kunye nentsha

Ii-ECG zabantwana kufuneka zifundwe ngokwemigangatho ethile yobudala. Ukufunyanwa okubhalwe njengengaqhelekanga ngokwemigangatho yabantu abadala kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kumntwana. Ukuquleka ngexesha lokuzilolonga, ukuquleka okubangelwa luloyiko okanye ingxolo, okanye imbali yosapho yokufa ngequbuliso kwisalamane esiselula zezona zizathu zithile zokufuna ulwazi ngentliziyo yabantwana.

Abantu abadala abadala

Ukunganyamezelani kwe-atrial fibrillation kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuhambisa igazi kuye kwanda xa umntu ekhula. Iimpawu ze-ischemia zinokuba yinto engaqhelekanga, ukudinwa, ukudideka okanye ukuphefumla kunokuba ziintlungu zesifuba zakudala.

Abantu abanesifo seswekile bathatha unyango lokunciphisa iswekile

Akukho mfuneko yokuzila ukutya ukuze ufumane i-ECG yokuphumla, ngoko ke ukutya kunye namayeza esifo seswekile ayaqhubeka njengoko kuchaziwe. I-inshaemia engathethiyo okanye engaqhelekanga ixhaphake kakhulu kwisifo seswekile esele sikhona ixesha elide, nto leyo enciphisa umda wovavanyo.

Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo kunye ne-dialysis

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-potassium kunye ne-calcium kuyitshintsha kakhulu i-ECG, ngamanye amaxesha ngendlela eyingozi, kwaye umkhondo unokutshintsha ngaphambi nasemva kweseshoni ye-dialysis. Utshintsho lwe-ECG apha lutolikwa kunye nekhemistri yegazi.

Ukumelwa yintliziyo

I-ECG inceda ekuchongeni iingxaki zesingqisho, ukulibaziseka kokuqhuba kunye nokuphazamiseka kwangaphambili, kwaye inika ulwazi ngezigqibo malunga nonyango lwesixhobo. Ayilinganisi iqhezu lokukhupha igazi, i-echocardiography yenza njalo.

Abadlali

Abadlali abaqeqeshiweyo badla ngokubonisa amazinga okuphumla kancinci, ukuphinda-phinda kwangethuba kunye nokunyuka kwamandla ombane ahambelana nokusebenza komzimba. Ukwahlula intliziyo yomdlali kwi-cardiomyopathy kufuna utoliko olukhethekileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-echocardiography okanye uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.

I-ECG kwimeko yaseIndiya

• Isifo seCoronary kwabantwana abancinci: uphando lwezonyango nolwe-epidemiological kubemi baseMzantsi Asia luye lwaxela rhoqo ukuba isifo sentliziyo esibangelwa yi-ischemic sibonakala kwangethuba kunakwabemi abaninzi baseNtshona, yiyo loo nto iintlungu zesifuba kumntu oneminyaka engama-40 ubudala eIndiya zithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo endaweni yokuba zinganakwa ngenxa yobudala bodwa.
• Umngcipheko we-metabolic kwi-BMI ephantsi: Abantu baseMzantsi Asia banesifo seswekile kunye nomngcipheko ombi we-cardiometabolic kwi-body mass index ephantsi kunye nomjikelezo wesinqe kunemilinganiselo efunyenwe kubemi baseYurophu. Ukwakheka okuqhelekileyo akuthethi ukuba umngcipheko uphantsi.
• Isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-rheumatic heart diseseyinto ebalulekileyo. Kubantu abanembali yomkhuhlane werheumatic ebuntwaneni, i-ECG inokubonisa i-atrial fibrillation okanye iipateni zokukhulisa igumbi, kodwa isifo sevalvu ngokwaso sivavanywa nge-echocardiography. I-ECG kunye ne-echo ziyahambelana, azitshintshisani.
• I-Anaemia: I-anemia yokunqongophala kwesinyithi ixhaphake kakhulu eIndiya kwaye idla ngokubangela i-tachycardia kwaye ngamanye amaxesha utshintsho olungaqhelekanga lwe-ST-T, olunokuthi luphazanyiswe ne-ischaemia.
• Isifo se-thyroid yenye into ebangela ukungaqheleki kwesantya kunye nesantya somzimba okufumaneka kwi-ECGs eqhelekileyo.
• Ukunikwa amagama: Iingxelo kunye nemiyalelo yaseIndiya isebenzisa igama elithi "ECG" phantse kuyo yonke indawo; igama elithi "EKG" livela kakhulu kwizixhobo ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe. Igama elithi TMT (uvavanyo lwe-treadmill) ligama eliqhelekileyo lendawo elithetha i-stress ECG, kunye nelithi "echo test" elithetha i-echocardiography, ezi ziimviwo ezahlukeneyo kwi-ECG ephumlayo.
• Ukufikelela: Oomatshini be-ECG abane-single channel kunye ne-12-lead bafumaneka ngokubanzi kuquka kwinqanaba lonyango lokuqala, kwaye iinkonzo ze-tele-ECG zithumela umkhondo ukuze zixelwe kude. Ukuba uphethe i-ECG eprintiweyo phakathi kwezibhedlele, gcina eyona yokuqala, ukuthelekiswa nokulandelela okudala kubaluleke kakhulu.
• data: Naliphi na ingxelo yedijithali ye-ECG, usetyenziso okanye ifomu lokubhukisha kwi-intanethi libandakanya idatha yempilo yomntu, elawulwa eIndiya phantsi koMthetho woKhuseleko lweDatha yoBuqu yeDijithali, ka-2023. Buza ukuba ukulandelela kunye nengxelo yakho kugcinwa kwaye kwabelwana ngayo.

Ixabiso kunye ne-inshurensi eIndiya

I-ECG ephumlayo ene-12-lead iphakathi kwezona phando lwentliziyo lubiza kancinci eIndiya, ngesiqhelo ixabisa amakhulu ambalwa ee-rupees kwiindawo ezininzi, ngelixa ukujonga ukuhambahamba, uvavanyo loxinzelelo kunye ne-echocardiography zibiza kakhulu. Amaxabiso ayahluka kakhulu kwaye ayatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke qinisekisa intlawulo yangoku kwiziko ngaphambi kovavanyo. Naliphi na inani elicatshulwe kwi-intanethi libonisa kuphela kwaye alikho kwikowuteshini.

Izinto ezichaphazela iindleko:

• Uhlobo lovavanyo: i-ECG yokuphumla ngokuchasene ne-ECG/TMT yoxinzelelo ngokuchasene neHolter okanye ukujonga i-patch ende.
• Indawo: isibhedlele sikarhulumente, iziko lezempilo eliphambili, ilebhu yokuxilonga ezimeleyo, isibhedlele senkampani okanye inkonzo yokutyelela ekhaya.
• Isixeko kunye nendawo, nokuba uvavanyo lwenziwa ngexesha eliqhelekileyo okanye njengenkonzo engxamisekileyo okanye yasebusuku.
• Nokuba ingxelo esemthethweni yengcali yentliziyo okanye ingcebiso ifakiwe na.
• Iindleko zokuqokelela ekhaya okanye zokurekhoda ecaleni kwebhedi, kunye nobude bexesha lokujonga izifundo zikaHolter.
• Nokuba i-ECG iyinxalenye yephakheji yokujonga impilo okanye yenziwe njengophando oluzimeleyo.

I-inshurensi: i-ECG eyenziwa ngexesha lokungeniswa esibhedlele okanye inkqubo yokhathalelo lwasemini idla ngokuhlawulwa njengenxalenye yeendleko zophando. Ii-ECG zokuxilonga zangaphandle kunye nokuhlolwa kwempilo yokuthintela azisoloko zigutyungelwa ngaphandle kokuba ipolisi yakho ibandakanya i-OPD okanye inzuzo yokuhlolwa kwempilo. Izicwangciso zikarhulumente ezifana ne-Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY zigubungela uphando ngaphakathi kokhathalelo lwesibhedlele olupakishiweyo kwizibhedlele ezifakwe i-empanelled. Jonga amagama athile epolisi yakho, imida engaphantsi kunye neemfuno zogunyaziso lwangaphambili kunye nomshwalense wakho okanye idesika ye-inshurensi yesibhedlele.

Iintsomi nezibakala

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ngaba i-ECG ingayibona imithambo evalekileyo?

Hayi. I-ECG irekhoda umsebenzi wombane kwaye ayinakubonisa imithambo yentliziyo okanye ukuncitshiswa komlinganiselo. Ingabonisa utshintsho olubonisa ukuba izihlunu zentliziyo azinagazi, ingakumbi xa kukho intlungu eqhubekayo, kodwa ukulandelwa okuqhelekileyo akukhuphi ukuvaleka. I-CT coronary angiography okanye i-invasive angiography iyawuphendula loo mbuzo.

Ingxelo yam ye-ECG ithi "utshintsho lwe-ST-T olungekho ngqo". Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke?

Eli libinzana eliqhelekileyo elithetha ukuba ukulandelwa kwesifo akuqhelekanga ngokwencwadi kodwa kubonisa ukuba akukho sifo sithile sixilongwayo. Izizathu ziquka ukuma komzimba, ixhala, i-anemia, utshintsho lwe-electrolyte, amayeza kunye notshintsho oluqhelekileyo. Ukubaluleka kwaso kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nezinto ezinobungozi, ngoko ke xoxa ngengxelo nogqirha oyi-odoleyo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ECG kunye novavanyo lwe-echo?

I-ECG irekhoda imiqondiso yombane ngee-electrode zesikhumba kwaye ivavanya isigqi, ukuhanjiswa kunye neepatheni ze-ischemic. I-echocardiogram isebenzisa i-ultrasound ukujonga ubungakanani begumbi, umsebenzi wevalvu kunye namandla okumpompa. Akukho nanye kwezithatha indawo yenye, kwaye i-echo yokuphumla ayibonisi imithambo yentliziyo.

Ngaba i-ECG iyabuhlungu, kwaye ngaba kukho imisebe?

I-ECG ephumlayo ayibandakanyi iinaliti, akukho misebe kwaye akukho mbane ungena emzimbeni. Uninzi lwabantu luziva kuphela iijeli ezipholileyo okanye ii-adhesive pads. Ububomvu obuncinci bolusu okanye ukurhawuzelelwa kunokwenzeka emva kokuba ii-pads zisusiwe, kwaye ezinye iinwele zesifuba zinokufuna ukuchetywa ukuze zichukumiseke kakuhle.

Kutheni ugqirha wam e-odole i-Holter monitor emva kwe-ECG eqhelekileyo?

Kuba i-ECG eqhelekileyo irekhoda imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Ukuba i-palpitations yakho, isiyezi okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga kuyafika kudlule, i-Holter okanye i-patch monitor erekhodayo kangangeentsuku okanye nangaphezulu inokubamba isingqisho esingaqhelekanga ngelixa usenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo.

Ngaba ixhala okanye ukusela iti zinokutshintsha i-ECG yam?

Ewe, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Ixhala, iintlungu, i-caffeine, icuba, umkhuhlane kunye nokusebenza nzima kutshanje kunokunyusa izinga lentliziyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuvelise utshintsho oluncinci lwe-ST-T. Ukuphumla ngokuthula imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuba irekhodi lincede. Ezi mpembelelo zichaphazela ukutolikwa kodwa azenzi isifo sentliziyo esakhiweyo.

I-ECG kufuneka iphindwe kangaphi?

Akukho shedyuli inye. Ukuphindaphinda kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ukuxilongwa, amayeza kunye nesizathu sokubekwa esweni. Umntu one-arrhythmia okanye osebenzisa iyeza elichaphazela i-QT unokufuna ukulandelwa rhoqo; umntu ongenazo iimpawu kwaye ongenazo izinto ezinobungozi unokufuna ukuba azikho. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba.

Ngaba i-ECG ikhuselekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

I-ECG yokuphumla isetyenziswa xa ukhulelwe xa kufuneka kwaye ayibandakanyi mitha. Ukukhulelwa ngokwako kutshintsha izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo kunye neepatheni ezithile zamaza, ngoko ke umkhondo utolikwa ngokuchasene nolindelo olukhethekileyo lokukhulelwa. Xelela ingcali ukuba ukulala phantsi akukhululeki, njengoko kungasetyenziswa enye indlela.

Umatshini we-ECG uprinte uxilongo oluxhalabisayo kwistrip. Ingaba yingxelo yokugqibela leyo?

Hayi. Utoliko oluzenzekelayo lwenziwa yisoftware kwaye ludla ngokugqithisela ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ingakumbi kwizigulane eziselula, ezemidlalo okanye ezixhalabileyo. Ingxelo ebalulekileyo yileyo ihlolwe yaza yasayinwa ngugqirha, ifundwe kunye neempawu zakho kunye nayo nayiphi na imikhondo yangaphambili.

imithombo

• I-American Heart Association / Ikholeji yaseMelika yeCardiology / I-Heart Rhythm Society, iingcebiso zokumisela kunye nokutolikwa kwe-electrocardiogram (ingxelo yesayensi enamacandelo amaninzi).
• I-European Society of Cardiology, izikhokelo kwi-acute coronary syndromes, i-supraventricular tachycardia, i-atrial fibrillation kunye ne-syncope (jonga iinkqubo zangoku zeendlela zokuxilonga ezisekelwe kwi-ECG).
• I-Cardiological Society yaseIndiya kunye neKholeji yaseIndiya yeCardiology, iingxelo zesikhundla kunye nezixhobo zemfundo malunga nesifo sentliziyo kwizigulana zaseIndiya.
• I-World Health Organization kunye neNkqubo yeHlabathi yoMthwalo weZifo, idatha yomthwalo wezifo zentliziyo eIndiya.
• UMthetho woKhuseleko lweDatha yoBuqu yeDijithali, ka-2023 (uRhulumente waseIndiya), ukuphathwa kwedatha yezempilo yobuqu kunye neengxelo zedijithali.