PFT

intshayelelo

Uvavanyo lwePulmonary Function Test (PFT) liqela lovavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya indlela imiphunga yakho esebenza ngayo. Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa umthamo womoya onokuwuphefumla kwaye uwukhuphe, isantya onokuphefumla ngaso, kunye nendlela ioksijini ekhutshelwa ngayo kakuhle ukusuka kwimiphunga yakho ukuya egazini lakho. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zinokubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nemeko yemiphunga yakho kwaye inokunceda ukuxilonga uluhlu lweemeko zokuphefumla, kubandakanya i-asthma, isifo esingapheliyo semiphunga (COPD), kunye ne-pulmonary fibrosis.

Yintoni uVavanyo lweMsebenzi yePulmonary (PFT)?

Uvavanyo lokuSebenza kwemiphunga (Pulmonary Function Test) (PFT) lubhekisa kwiseti yovavanyo olujonga ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kangakanani na. Eyona njongo iphambili yolu vavanyo kukuvavanya umthamo wemiphunga, umthamo, ukuqukuqela, kunye nempumelelo yokudluliselwa kweoksijini ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya egazini. Iziphumo zePFT zinokunceda ukufumanisa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zemiphunga, ukufumanisa ubunzulu bemeko yemiphunga, kunye nokulandelela inkqubela yonyango okanye isifo semiphunga ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zovavanyo lomsebenzi we-pulmonary, kuquka:

• I-Spirometry: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani bomoya onokuphefumla kunye nokuwukhupha, kunye nokuba unokukwenza ngokukhawuleza kangakanani oko. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iimeko ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD.
• UVavanyo lweVolumu yeMiphunga: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa umthamo opheleleyo womoya onokuthi imiphunga yakho iwubambe, inceda ukufumanisa izifo zemiphunga ezithintelayo njenge-pulmonary fibrosis.
• Uvavanyo lwesakhono sokusasaza: Olu vavanyo luvavanya indlela ioksijini ehamba ngayo ukusuka kwimiphunga yakho ukuya egazini lakho. Kubalulekile ukuvavanya iimeko ezifana ne-emphysema okanye isifo semiphunga ye-interstitial.
• I-Plethysmography yomzimba: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani bomoya emiphungeni emva kokuba uwukhuphe ngokupheleleyo, lunceda ukuvavanya umthamo wemiphunga kunye nokunganyangeki kwendlela yomoya.
• Uvavanyo lomngeni weMethacholine: Isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo sombefu, olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukuphefumla iyeza elibangela ukuba iindlela zomoya ziqiniswe, kunceda ekuchongeni ukusabela okuphezulu kwendlela yomoya.

Lusebenza njani uvavanyo lokuSebenza kwemiphunga?

I-PFT idla ngokuqhutywa kwimeko yeklinikhi, njengeofisi ye-pulmonologist okanye isibhedlele. Inkqubo ngokubanzi ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukulungiselela: Ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo luqale, uya kucelwa ukuba ususe nayiphi na impahla eqinileyo, ubucwebe, okanye izinto ezinokukuthintela ukuphefumla kwakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo, unokuyalelwa ukuba uyeke ukutya, ukusela, okanye ukusebenzisa amayeza athile kangangexesha elithile ngaphambi kovavanyo.
2. Uvavanyo lweSpirometry: Kwi-spirometry, uya kucelwa ukuba uphefumlele emlonyeni ofakwe kwi-spirometer, elinganisa umlinganiselo womoya ophefumulayo nangaphandle. Uyakucelwa ukuba uphefumle kakhulu kwaye emva koko ukhuphe ngamandla kwaye ngokupheleleyo kangangoko. Oku kuqhele ukwenziwa amaxesha amaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.
3. UVavanyo lweVolumu yeMiphunga: Ngexesha lovavanyo lomthamo wemiphunga, usenokucelwa ukuba uphefumlele kumatshini olinganisa umthamo wemiphunga yakho. Usenokucelwa ukuba uphefumle umxube werhasi ukunceda ukubala umthamo wemiphunga yakho.
4. Uvavanyo lwesakhono sokusasaza: Kolu vavanyo, uya kuphefumlela isixa esincinci segesi (ihlala i-carbon monoxide okanye into efanayo), kwaye umatshini uya kulinganisa ukuba ingakanani igesi efunxwa yimiphunga yakho kwaye idluliselwe egazini lakho.
5. I-Plethysmography yomzimba: Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwegumbi elincinci, elingenamoya kunye nokuphefumlela emlonyeni. Isixhobo siya kulinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya kwigumbi njengoko uphefumla, kunceda ukuvavanya umthamo wemiphunga kunye nokumelana nomoya.
6. Uvavanyo lomngeni weMethacholine: Kolu vavanyo, uphefumlela izixa ezikhulayo ze-methacholine, ezinokubangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zixinzelele kubantu abane-asthma. Impendulo ilinganiswa nge-spirometry ukujonga iqondo lokuxinana kwendlela yomoya.

Kutheni lwenziwa uvavanyo lwePulmonary Function?

Ii-PFT zenziwa ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukuxilonga, ukubeka iliso, nokulawula iimeko zokuphefumla. Ezinye zezona zizathu ziqhelekileyo zokwenza uvavanyo lomsebenzi we-pulmonary ziquka:

• Ukuxilongwa kweeMeko zokuphefumla: Ii-PFT zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga iimeko zemiphunga ezifana nesifo sombefu, isifo esingapheliyo semiphunga (COPD), i-pulmonary fibrosis, kunye ne-emphysema. Banceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani na nokuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezikhoyo.
• Ukubeka iliso kwiSifo seMiphunga: Kubantu abasele befunyenwe benesifo semiphunga, ii-PFT zisetyenziswa rhoqo ukujonga ukusebenza kwemiphunga kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza konyango. Utshintsho kwiziphumo zovavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba imeko iya isiba mandundu okanye iyaphucuka.
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga phambi kotyando: Ngamanye amaxesha ii-PFT zenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ngakumbi ukuba utyando lubandakanya imiphunga okanye inkqubo yokuphefumula. Banceda ekuvavanyeni ukuba ingaba umsebenzi wemiphunga wesigulana ufanelekile na ukuba kuqhutywe inkqubo kunye nokuchacha emva koko.
• Ukuvavanya Ukuphefumla Okufutshane: Ukuba ufumana umoya omfutshane ongachazwanga, i-PFT inokukunceda ukufumanisa unobangela osisiseko. Inokwahlula phakathi kwezifo zemiphunga ezithintela imiphunga (umz., i-pulmonary fibrosis) kunye nezifo ezithintelayo (umz., isifuba okanye iCOPD).
• UVavanyo lokuSebenza kwiiNgozi zoMsebenzi: Abantu abakhe basebenza kwindawo enokuchanabeka kwizinto eziyingozi (ezifana ne-asbestos, uthuli lwamalahle, okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya) banokunikwa iPFT yokuhlola ifuthe kwimiphunga yabo.

Ululungiselela njani uvavanyo lokuSebenza kwePulmonary

Ngelixa ii-PFTs zingasebenzi kwaye zithe ngqo ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukulandela izikhokelo ezithile zokulungiselela ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Nantsi into omawuyikhumbule:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya: Kufuneka ukuphephe ukutshaya ubuncinane kwiiyure ezingama-24 phambi kovavanyo, njengoko ukutshaya kunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga yakho kwaye kuchaphazele iziphumo.
• Kuphephe ukwenza umthambo onzima: Kufuneka ugweme umthambo onzima ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 phambi kovavanyo, njengoko unokuguqula okwethutyana ukusebenza kwemiphunga yakho kwaye kuchaphazele ukuchaneka kweziphumo.
• Imithi: Amayeza athile, afana ne-bronchodilators, i-steroids, okanye ezinye ii-inhalers, zinokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo. Kuya kufuneka wazise umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngawo nawaphi na amayeza owathathayo, kwaye baya kunika isikhokelo malunga nokuba ulungelelanise okanye uwabambe phambi kovavanyo.
• Ukuzila ukudla: Nangona ukuzila ukutya ngokuqhelekileyo kungafuneki, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma ukuba ugweme ukutya ukutya okunzima ngaphambi kovavanyo, ngakumbi ukuba kubandakanya uvavanyo lwevolumu yemiphunga okanye i-plethysmography yomzimba.
• Nxiba Impahla Ekhululekile: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba unxibe impahla ekhululekileyo ekuvumela ukuba uphefumle kakuhle. Isinxibo esiqinileyo sinokukuthintela ukukwazi kwakho ukuphefumla ngokunzulu kwaye sinokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo.
• Yiza noLudwe lweeMpawu zakho kunye neMbali yezoNyango: Zilungiselele ukunika iinkcukacha zeempawu zakho (ezifana nokukhohlela, ukuphefumla, okanye ukuphefumla nzima), nayiphi na imbali yeemeko zokuphefumla, kunye nawo nawaphi na amayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku.

Utoliko lweziphumo zovavanyo

Iziphumo zovavanyo lomsebenzi wepulmonary zihlalutywa ngumboneleli wezempilo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-pulmonologist, oya kuchaza idatha ngokusekelwe kwimilinganiselo emininzi ebalulekileyo:

• Umthamo oPhetheyo oNyanzelweyo (FEV1): Oku kulinganisa ubungakanani bomoya onokuwukhupha ngomzuzwana omnye emva kokuphefumla nzulu. Sesinye sezona zibonakaliso zibalulekileyo zokusebenza kwemiphunga, ngakumbi ekuxilongeni izifo zemiphunga ezithintelayo ezifana ne-asthma kunye neCOPD.
• Ukunyanzeliswa koMmandla (FVC): Oku kulinganisa umthamo opheleleyo womoya onokuwukhupha ngamandla emva kokuthatha umoya onzulu. I-FVC encitshisiweyo ingabonisa izifo zemiphunga ezithinteleyo, ezifana ne-pulmonary fibrosis okanye isifo se-interstitial lung.
• FEV1/FVC umlinganiselo: Umyinge we-FEV1 ukuya kwi-FVC usetyenziselwa ukwahlula phakathi kwezifo ezithintelayo nezinemiphunga. Umlinganiselo ophantsi ubonisa izifo zemiphunga ezithinteleyo, ngelixa umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo okanye ophezulu unokubonisa izifo ezithintelayo.
• Incopho yoKuqukumbela koPhelelo (PEF): Oku kulinganisa esona santya siphezulu onokuphefumla ngaso. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ubunzima besifuba kunye nokuba isigulane sinokulawula njani ukuhamba komoya ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma.
• Umthamo wemiphunga uwonke (TLC): Oku kulinganisa umthamo opheleleyo womoya kwimiphunga emva kokuphefumla nzulu. Kuyanceda ukuvavanya ukuba ungakanani na umoya onokuthi imiphunga iwubambe kwaye ingabonakalisa iimeko ezithile zemiphunga.
• Umthamo wokusasaza (i-DLCO): Oku kulinganisa ukuba iigesi ezifana neoksijini zidlula kangakanani emiphungeni ziye egazini. Iluncedo ngakumbi ekuhloleni izifo ezifana ne-emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, kunye nezinye iimeko ezichaphazela i-alveoli (iingxowa zomoya ezincinci emiphungeni).

Uluhlu oluQhelekileyo kunye noVavanyo lweZiphumo zokutolikwa

Ukutolika iziphumo zePFT kuxhomekeke ekuthelekiseni imilinganiselo kumaxabiso amiselweyo aqhelekileyo. Ezi xabiso zinokwahluka ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nobudala, isini, ubude, kunye nobuhlanga. Ngokubanzi, olu luhlu lulandelayo lujongwa njengesiqhelo:

• FEV1: Kumntu osempilweni, i-FEV1 kufuneka ubuncinane ibeyi-80% yexabiso eliqikelelweyo ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala, isini, kunye nobukhulu.
• FVC: I-FVC kufuneka kwakhona ibe malunga nama-80% exabiso eliqikelelweyo lomntu osempilweni. Ixabiso eliphantsi lingacebisa imeko yemiphunga ethintelayo.
• FEV1/FVC umlinganiselo: Umlinganiselo osempilweni udla ngokuba ngaphezu kwama-70-80%. Umlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwe-70% unokubonisa izifo zemiphunga ezithintelayo ezifana neCOPD okanye isifuba.
• I-DLCO: I-DLCO eqhelekileyo idla ngokuba ngaphezu kwe-80% yexabiso eliqikelelweyo, nangona oku kunokwahluka ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zomntu ngamnye. I-DLCO ephantsi icebisa ukutshintshiselana kwerhasi engonakeleyo kwimiphunga, edla ngokubonwa kwi-emphysema okanye kwi-pulmonary fibrosis.
• FTA: Umthamo wemiphunga uwonke kufuneka uwe phakathi koluhlu oluqhelekileyo ngokusekwe kubungakanani bomzimba wakho. I-TLC ephantsi inokucebisa izifo zemiphunga ezithinteleyo, ngelixa i-TLC ephezulu inokubonisa i-emphysema okanye ezinye iimeko ezithintelayo.

Imingcipheko kunye neeNgxaki zePFT

Ngelixa iimvavanyo zomsebenzi we-pulmonary zikhuselekile ngokubanzi, kukho imingcipheko embalwa enokubakho kunye neengqwalasela ekufuneka uziqaphele:

• Ukungaphefumli kakuhle: Ezinye izigulana zinokufumana ukungonwabi kancinci ngexesha le-spirometry okanye ezinye iindawo zovavanyo, ngakumbi ukuba zinemeko ekhoyo yemiphunga. Kubalulekile ukwazisa igcisa ukuba uziva unentloko epholileyo, unesiyezi, okanye uphefumla kancinci.
• Ukuphefumla ngamandla: Ngexesha lovavanyo, unokucelwa ukuba ukhuphe ngamandla okanye uphefumle, oko kunokukhokelela kwi-hyperventilation (ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza). Oku kuqhelekile kodwa kunokubangela ukungakhululeki okanye isiyezi.
• Usulelo: Ukuba ibronchodilator isetyenziswe ngexesha lovavanyo okanye ukuba isixhobo asicocekanga ngokufanelekileyo, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wosulelo. Nangona kunjalo, lo mngcipheko uphantsi kakhulu.
• Ukutolikwa gwenxa kweziphumo: Kwezinye iimeko, uvavanyo lunokufuneka luphindwe ukuba iziphumo azihambelani okanye azicacanga. Kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imiyalelo ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo.

Ii-FAQs zesigulana malunga noVavanyo lweMsebenzi yePulmonary

• Yintoni uVavanyo lweMsebenzi yePulmonary (PFT)?

  I-PFT liqela lovavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukuba isebenza kakuhle kangakanani na imiphunga yakho. Ilinganisa ukuhamba komoya, umthamo wemiphunga, kunye nendlela imiphunga yakho ehambisa ngayo ioksijini kwigazi, inceda ukuxilongwa kunye nokubeka iliso kwiimeko zemiphunga.

• Ndingazilungiselela njani iPFT?

  Lungiselela ngokuphepha ukutshaya kwiiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kovavanyo, uyeka ukwenza umthambo onzima, kwaye uxelele ugqirha wakho ngawo nawaphi na amayeza owathathayo. Nxiba impahla enxibayo kwaye uphephe ukutya okunzima ngaphambi nje kovavanyo.

• Ngaba i-PFT ibuhlungu?

  Hayi, iPFT yinkqubo engeyiyo invasive. Unokuziva ungakhululekanga ngelixa uvuthela emlonyeni okanye ubambe umoya wakho, kodwa akufanele kubangele intlungu.

• Ithatha ixesha elingakanani iPFT?

  Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga ludla ngokuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kuma-60, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo olufunekayo kunye nobunzima bovavanyo.

• Zeziphi iimeko ezinokubonwa yiPFT?

  I-PFT inokubona kwaye ivavanye iimeko ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, i-pulmonary fibrosis, i-emphysema, izifo zemiphunga, kunye neminye imiba yokuphefumla. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukujonga inkqubela yezi zifo.

• Yeyiphi imingcipheko yePFT?

  Imingcipheko incinci kodwa inokubandakanya ukungonwabi kancinci okanye isiyezi, ngakumbi xa ucelwa ukuba ubambe umphefumlo wakho okanye ukhuphe umoya ngamandla. Kukwakho nomngcipheko omncinci wosulelo ukuba izixhobo azicocekanga ngokufanelekileyo.

• Ichane kangakanani iPFT?

  Ii-PFT zichaneke kakhulu xa zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zitolikwa yingcali eqeqeshiweyo. Babonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo ekusebenzeni kwemiphunga kunye nokunceda ekuxilongeni iimeko zokuphefumla.

• Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo aziqhelekanga?

  Ukuba iziphumo zibonisa ingxaki yemiphunga, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokucebisa iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo okanye unyango, olufana nohlengahlengiso lwamayeza okanye izifundo ezongezelelweyo ze-imaging, ukuvavanya imeko ngokucokisekileyo.

• Ndingatya phambi kovavanyo?

  Kuya kufuneka ukuphephe ukutya izidlo ezinkulu phambi kovavanyo, kodwa ukutya okulula kulungile. Kubalulekile ukuba ungatshayi okanye ungazilolongi phambi kovavanyo ngokunjalo.

• Ngaba iPFT iya kubhaqa isifuba?

  Ewe, iPFT inokubona isifuba ngokulinganisa ukuphuma komoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemiphunga. Kwizigulane ezine-asthma, ukuhamba komoya kunokuncitshiswa, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma.

isiphelo

Uvavanyo lwePulmonary Function Test (PFT) sisixhobo sokuxilonga esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya impilo yemiphunga kunye nokufumanisa uluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zokuphefumla. Nokuba uvavanyelwa isifo sombefu, iCOPD, okanye nasiphi na isiphazamiso semiphunga, ulwazi olufunyenwe kwiPFT luxabiseke kakhulu ekubekeni iliso nasekulawuleni impilo yakho yemiphunga. Ngolungiselelo oluncinci olufunekayo kunye nemingcipheko ephantsi ebandakanyekayo, iPFT sisixhobo esikhuselekileyo, esisebenzayo, nesibalulekileyo sokuchonga kunye nokunyanga iimeko zemiphunga kwangoko. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo okanye imibuzo malunga novavanyo, hlala udibana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngolwazi oluthe kratya.