Extramedullary tumors are growths that arise outside the bone marrow, often in soft tissues such as the spine, meninges (brain coverings), lymph nodes, or muscles. The word “extramedullary” simply means “outside the marrow.” These tumors can occur in many areas such as the spine, brain coverings (meninges), soft tissues, or lymph nodes. Some are noncancerous (benign), while others are cancerous (malignant).

Oropharyngeal cancer is a head and neck cancer that starts in the middle part of the throat (the oropharynx), which includes the tonsils, base of the tongue (back one-third), soft palate, and the side and back walls of the throat. It’s increasingly recognized because many cases are related to human papillomavirus (HPV). The encouraging news is that early diagnosis and coordinated care can lead to excellent outcomes for many people.

Eye cancer is rare, but when it's found early and treated promptly, many people do well. This article provides comprehensive information on eye cancer ---what it is, how doctors diagnose it, the latest treatments, and expected recovery.

Overview: What Is Triple-Negative Breast Cancer?

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a less common but aggressive type of breast cancer. It gets its name because the cancer cells test negative for three common markers:

Tracheobronchial tumors are growths that arise in the windpipe (trachea) and the main airways (bronchi) that branch into the lungs. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Although they are relatively rare compared to lung cancers, they are clinically significant because they can narrow or block the airway, causing cough, breathlessness, wheezing, and recurrent infections. Early diagnosis and precise treatment can restore breathing, relieve symptoms, and, for malignant tumors, improve long-term outcomes.

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a head and neck cancer that starts in the nasopharynx—the upper part of the throat behind the nose and near the base of the skull. Unlike many other head and neck cancers, NPC has a strong association with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and is more common in certain regions (parts of Southeast Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East). Because the nasopharynx sits close to critical structures such as the Eustachian tubes, skull base, cranial nerves, and the brain, modern imaging and precise radiation therapy are central to safe and effective care.