Childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare cancers that start in cells meant to become eggs (in ovaries) or sperm (in testes). Because germ cells form very early in development, they can sometimes settle in other parts of the body, leading to tumors in areas such as the tailbone (sacrococcygeal region), chest (mediastinum), abdomen, brain, or pelvis. The good news: most childhood GCTs are highly treatable—and many are curable—especially when diagnosed early. Five-year survival rates are very high, often above 85–90% in many subtypes, especially when found early.

Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. It begins in cells that are meant to become skeletal muscle (the muscles used for movement), but it can arise almost anywhere in the body—even in areas with little muscle, such as around the eye or in the urinary tract. While a cancer diagnosis is frightening, modern treatments are highly effective, especially when started early and delivered by a specialized pediatric oncology team.

Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, an important part of the body’s immune defense. Because it can take different forms and affect people in various ways, learning about lymphoma often raises many questions. This guide provides clear and reliable information about lymphoma—its types, symptoms, how it is diagnosed, and the treatment options available. Gaining a better understanding of the condition can help patients and families feel more prepared and supported throughout the journey.

Overview: What Are Intramedullary Tumors?

Intramedullary means located within the spinal cord (inside the substance of the spinal cord). Unlike tumors that grow outside the spinal cord and press on it, intramedullary tumors grow within the cord, making them more complex to detect and treat. Intramedullary means situated or occurring within the medulla of the spinal cord.

Overview: What Is Medulloblastoma?

Medulloblastoma is a rare type of malignant (cancerous) brain cancer that begins in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for balance, coordination, and fine motor skills. It is the most common malignant brain tumor in children (accounting for about 15-20% of cases) but can also occur in adults, though less frequently.

Extramedullary tumors are growths that arise outside the bone marrow, often in soft tissues such as the spine, meninges (brain coverings), lymph nodes, or muscles. The word “extramedullary” simply means “outside the marrow.” These tumors can occur in many areas such as the spine, brain coverings (meninges), soft tissues, or lymph nodes. Some are noncancerous (benign), while others are cancerous (malignant).

Oropharyngeal cancer is a head and neck cancer that starts in the middle part of the throat (the oropharynx), which includes the tonsils, base of the tongue (back one-third), soft palate, and the side and back walls of the throat. It’s increasingly recognized because many cases are related to human papillomavirus (HPV). The encouraging news is that early diagnosis and coordinated care can lead to excellent outcomes for many people.

Eye cancer is rare, but when it's found early and treated promptly, many people do well. This article provides comprehensive information on eye cancer ---what it is, how doctors diagnose it, the latest treatments, and expected recovery.

Overview: What Is Triple-Negative Breast Cancer?

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a less common but aggressive type of breast cancer. It gets its name because the cancer cells test negative for three common markers: