Meniscal transplantation is a surgical procedure designed to replace a damaged or missing meniscus, which is a C-shaped cartilage structure in the knee joint. The meniscus plays a crucial role in absorbing shock, stabilizing the knee, and distributing weight across the joint. When the meniscus is injured or removed—often due to trauma, degenerative conditions, or previous surgeries—patients may experience pain, swelling, and decreased mobility.

Medical abortion is a safe and effective method for terminating an early pregnancy using medication. This procedure is typically performed within the first 10 weeks of gestation and involves a combination of two medications: mifepristone and misoprostol. Mifepristone, also known as RU-486, works by blocking the hormone progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a pregnancy. Without progesterone, the uterine lining breaks down, and the pregnancy cannot continue. Misoprostol is taken a few days later and causes the uterus to contract and expel its contents.

Mediastinoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows doctors to examine the mediastinum, the area in the chest between the lungs that contains vital structures such as the heart, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels. This procedure is performed using a mediastinoscope, a thin, tube-like instrument equipped with a light and camera, which is inserted through a small incision made at the base of the neck. The primary purpose of mediastinoscopy is to obtain tissue samples (biopsies) from lymph nodes and other structures in the mediastinum for diagnostic purposes.

Mediastinal tumor resection is a surgical procedure aimed at removing tumors located in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavity situated between the lungs. This area houses vital structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels. Tumors in this region can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and may arise from various tissues, including lymphatic, nerve, or connective tissues.

Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital abnormality characterized by the presence of a small pouch, or diverticulum, in the lower part of the small intestine, specifically the ileum. This pouch is a remnant of the embryonic yolk sac and is typically located about two feet from the junction of the small and large intestines. While many individuals with Meckel's diverticulum remain asymptomatic, some may experience complications that necessitate surgical intervention.

Mechanical thrombectomy for brain stroke is a minimally invasive medical procedure designed to remove blood clots from the brain's blood vessels. This procedure is primarily used to treat acute ischemic strokes, which occur when a blood clot blocks blood flow to a part of the brain, leading to potential brain damage. The goal of mechanical thrombectomy is to restore blood flow as quickly as possible, minimizing the risk of long-term neurological damage and improving the chances of recovery.

McDonald Cervical Cerclage is a surgical procedure designed to support the cervix during pregnancy, particularly in cases where there is a risk of premature birth due to cervical insufficiency. Cervical insufficiency occurs when the cervix begins to open too early, often leading to miscarriage or preterm labor. The McDonald technique involves placing a stitch around the cervix to help keep it closed and maintain the pregnancy until the fetus is mature enough for delivery.

The Maze Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation is a surgical intervention designed to treat atrial fibrillation (AFib), a common heart rhythm disorder characterized by irregular and often rapid heartbeats. This condition can lead to various complications, including stroke, heart failure, and other cardiovascular issues. The Maze Procedure aims to restore a normal heart rhythm by creating a series of precise incisions in the heart's atria, which are the upper chambers of the heart.

Maxillectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a portion or the entire maxilla, which is the upper jawbone that forms the central part of the face. This procedure is primarily performed to treat various conditions affecting the maxilla, including tumors, infections, and congenital deformities. The maxilla plays a crucial role in several functions, including chewing, speaking, and supporting facial structure. Therefore, maxillectomy is not only a medical intervention but also a procedure that can significantly impact a patient's quality of life.

Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the mastoid bone, which is located behind the ear. This bone is part of the temporal bone of the skull and contains air spaces that help with the function of the middle ear. The primary purpose of a mastoidectomy is to treat chronic ear infections, also known as chronic otitis media, and other related conditions that affect the ear and surrounding structures.