Best Orthopedic Hospital in Gurugram | Apollo Hospitals

• Knee osteoarthritis: Loss of joint cartilage can cause pain, stiffness, swelling and difficulty with walking or stairs. Treatment may include exercise, weight management, medicines, selected injections or joint replacement, depending on severity and response.
• Hip osteoarthritis: Pain may be felt in the groin, thigh or buttock and can make walking, bending, dressing or getting into a vehicle difficult. Examination helps distinguish hip disease from pain referred from the back.
• Avascular necrosis of the hip: Reduced blood supply can damage the head of the thigh bone and may eventually cause collapse. Treatment depends on the stage, size of the affected area, symptoms and whether the joint surface has collapsed.
• Inflammatory arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions can cause prolonged morning stiffness, swelling and damage in several joints. Medical treatment is coordinated with rheumatology, while surgery may help selected joints with established damage.
• Gout and crystal arthritis: Crystals within a joint can cause sudden severe pain, redness and swelling. Joint aspiration may be needed when infection is also possible.

• Rotator cuff disorders: Tendon irritation or tearing can cause pain when lifting the arm, weakness and disturbed sleep. Treatment may involve rehabilitation, medicines, selected injections or surgery.
• Frozen shoulder: Pain and progressive stiffness can markedly restrict movement. The condition often improves over time, but recovery can be prolonged and treatment is individualized.
• Shoulder instability: A shoulder that repeatedly slips or dislocates may require rehabilitation, imaging and, in selected cases, stabilization surgery.
• Elbow tendinopathy: Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow cause pain with gripping or lifting and are usually treated with load modification and progressive exercise.
• Carpal tunnel syndrome: Pressure on the median nerve can cause numbness, tingling or weakness in the hand, often worse at night. Clinical assessment and nerve testing may help guide treatment.
• Hand injuries and tendon disorders: Tendon or nerve injuries, fractures, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis and hand deformities may require splinting, therapy, injections or surgery.

• ACL injury: A twisting injury may cause a pop, rapid swelling and a feeling that the knee gives way. Treatment depends on instability, associated injuries, age, sport and activity goals; not every ACL tear requires surgery.
• Meniscus injury: A meniscal tear may cause joint-line pain, swelling, catching or locking. The tear pattern, symptoms, age and presence of arthritis influence whether rehabilitation, repair or another treatment is appropriate.
• Ankle sprain and instability: Most ankle ligament injuries recover with protection followed by progressive rehabilitation. Repeated giving way may indicate chronic instability.
• Muscle and tendon injury: Hamstring, calf, quadriceps, Achilles and other injuries range from mild strains to complete tears and require treatment matched to the structure and severity.
• Stress injury of bone: Repetitive loading can cause bone stress reactions or fractures. Early X-rays may be normal, so further imaging may be needed when clinical suspicion remains high.
   

• Adult fractures: Fractures of the wrist, hip, shoulder, ankle, arm or leg may be treated with a splint, cast, reduction or surgical fixation according to stability, alignment, skin condition and the patient's needs.
• Hip fracture in older adults: A hip fracture usually causes severe pain and inability to stand after a fall. Surgery is generally performed as soon as the patient is medically ready, with early mobilization and assessment for osteoporosis and future falls.
• Dislocations: A joint forced out of position requires prompt assessment and reduction, followed by evaluation for fracture, ligament, nerve or blood-vessel injury.
• Open fracture: A broken bone associated with a wound is an emergency because of contamination, infection and soft-tissue damage. Treatment may include antibiotics, cleaning of the wound and stabilization.
• Nonunion and malunion: A fracture may fail to heal or heal in a poor position, leading to pain, deformity or loss of function. Treatment is planned according to biology, alignment, stability and infection status.
• Multiple injuries: Major trauma may require coordinated care from orthopedics, emergency medicine, general surgery, neurosurgery, vascular surgery, plastic surgery, anesthesia and critical care.

• Disc prolapse and sciatica: A disc can irritate or compress a nerve, causing back or neck pain that travels into a limb, sometimes with numbness or weakness. Many cases improve without surgery, but progressive weakness or emergency symptoms need urgent assessment.
• Spinal stenosis: Narrowing around the nerves can cause leg pain, heaviness or weakness during walking. Treatment may include exercise, medicines, selected injections or surgery according to severity.
• Spondylolisthesis and instability: One vertebra can slip relative to another and cause back pain, nerve symptoms or both. Imaging findings are considered alongside symptoms before treatment is recommended.
• Scoliosis and spinal deformity: Curvature may appear during growth or develop later through degeneration. Observation, bracing or surgery may be considered according to age, curve size, progression and symptoms.
• Spinal fracture: Trauma, osteoporosis or disease can cause vertebral fractures. Treatment depends on stability, nerve involvement, pain and the underlying cause.
• Spinal infection: Persistent back pain, fever, weight loss or neurological symptoms may be caused by infection, including spinal tuberculosis, and require timely investigation and treatment.
• Cauda equina syndrome: New bladder or bowel dysfunction, numbness around the saddle area, or severe or progressive weakness in both legs can indicate major nerve compression and requires emergency assessment.

• Osteoporosis: Reduced bone strength increases the risk of fracture, often after a minor fall. Risk assessment may include clinical factors, bone-density testing and evaluation for contributing conditions.
• Fragility fracture: A fracture after low-energy trauma may be the first sign of osteoporosis. Treating the fracture alone does not address the risk of another fracture.
• Osteomalacia and vitamin D deficiency: Poor bone mineralization can cause bone pain, muscle weakness and fractures. Vitamin D status is interpreted with calcium, kidney, liver, hormonal and nutritional factors.

• Clubfoot: The foot is turned inward and downward at birth. Serial manipulation and casting using the Ponseti method, often followed by a minor tendon procedure and bracing, corrects many cases when the full protocol is followed.
• Developmental dysplasia of the hip: The hip joint may be shallow or unstable in infancy. Early detection can allow simpler treatment, while later diagnosis may require more complex care.
• Bow legs and knock knees: These are often part of normal growth, but assessment is needed when the deformity is severe, worsening, painful, asymmetrical or associated with short stature or a limp.
• Growth-plate injury: A fracture involving the growing part of a child's bone needs accurate assessment because some injuries can affect later growth or alignment.
• Perthes disease and limb-length difference: Disorders affecting the growing hip or unequal limb growth may require observation, physiotherapy, bracing or surgery according to severity and age.

Osteomyelitis: Infection of bone can cause pain, swelling, fever or a draining wound. Treatment may involve cultures, antibiotics and surgery to remove infected tissue.

Septic arthritis: Infection inside a joint can rapidly damage cartilage and requires urgent assessment, joint drainage and antimicrobial treatment.

Prosthetic joint infection: Infection around an artificial joint may cause pain, swelling, wound drainage or implant loosening and often requires coordinated medical and surgical care.

Bone and soft-tissue tumors: A growing lump, persistent or unexplained bone pain, or a fracture through abnormal bone needs specialist assessment. Biopsy should be planned by the team that will manage the tumor because the biopsy route can affect later surgery.