Best Dental Hospital in Gurugram | Apollo Hospitals

• Dental caries: Tooth decay develops when acids produced by plaque bacteria damage the tooth surface. Early decay may cause no symptoms. As it progresses, patients may notice sensitivity, pain, a visible cavity or food trapping.
• Pulpitis and tooth infection: Deep decay, a crack or trauma can inflame or infect the pulp inside a tooth. Symptoms may include lingering sensitivity, spontaneous pain, pain at night or discomfort when biting.
• Dental abscess: An abscess is a collection of infection around a tooth or in the gums. Throbbing pain, swelling, fever, a bad taste or difficulty opening the mouth can occur. Facial or neck swelling, difficulty swallowing or breathing, or rapidly worsening illness requires urgent assessment.
• Tooth sensitivity: Brief pain with cold, hot, sweet or acidic foods may result from exposed roots, enamel wear, decay or a cracked tooth. Persistent or severe sensitivity should be examined.
• Tooth wear and bruxism: Grinding, clenching, acid exposure or an uneven bite can gradually wear, crack or shorten teeth. Some people also develop morning jaw tightness or headaches.
• Dental trauma: Falls, sports injuries and accidents can chip, loosen, displace or knock out teeth. An adult tooth that has been knocked out needs immediate dental care because the chance of saving it decreases with time.

• Gingivitis: Plaque can inflame the gums, causing redness, swelling and bleeding during brushing. Gingivitis can usually be reversed with professional cleaning and effective daily oral hygiene.
• Periodontitis: Untreated gum inflammation can progress and damage the tissues and bone supporting the teeth. Signs may include gum recession, persistent bad breath, spaces developing between teeth or loose teeth. Lost bone does not grow back on its own, but treatment can control infection and slow further damage.
• Gum disease and diabetes: Diabetes can increase the risk and severity of gum disease, particularly when blood glucose is not well controlled. Gum disease can also make diabetes management more difficult, so care may need coordination between the dentist and diabetes team.
• Bad breath: Persistent bad breath is often linked to tongue coating, gum disease, dry mouth, tooth decay or another oral condition. An examination can help identify the cause.

• Missing teeth: Tooth loss can affect chewing, speech and the position of the remaining teeth. Replacement options include a bridge, removable denture or dental implant, depending on oral health, bone, medical history and patient preference.
• Malocclusion: Crowded, spaced, protruding or misaligned teeth and jaws can affect cleaning, chewing, speech, tooth wear or appearance. Orthodontic assessment determines whether treatment is needed and when it should begin.
• Impacted wisdom teeth: Wisdom teeth may remain partly or fully trapped in the gum or jaw. Removal is considered when they cause infection, pain, decay, cyst formation or damage to a neighboring tooth. An impacted tooth without disease may only need monitoring.

• Temporomandibular disorders: Conditions affecting the jaw joints and chewing muscles can cause pain, clicking, limited mouth opening or discomfort while chewing. Many cases improve with conservative treatment, although selected patients need specialist care.
• Jaw and facial injuries: Fractures of the jaw or facial bones may cause swelling, numbness, bleeding, an altered bite or difficulty opening and closing the mouth. These injuries need prompt assessment, especially when accompanied by head injury or breathing problems.
• Jaw cysts and tumors: Cysts and growths can occur in the jawbone or oral tissues. Some are found incidentally on imaging, while others cause swelling, pain, tooth movement or altered sensation. Diagnosis may require imaging and biopsy.
• Mouth ulcers and oral lesions: Most minor ulcers heal within one or two weeks. An ulcer, white or red patch, lump or area of unexplained bleeding that persists should be assessed, particularly in people who use tobacco or areca nut products.
• Oral potentially malignant disorders: Leukoplakia, erythroplakia and oral submucous fibrosis can carry a risk of progression to oral cancer. Oral submucous fibrosis is strongly associated with areca nut products and can cause burning, stiffening of the cheeks and reduced mouth opening.
• Oral cancer: Warning signs can include a persistent ulcer, lump, red or white patch, unexplained bleeding, numbness, difficulty swallowing or a change in the fit of dentures. Tobacco in smoked or smokeless forms, areca nut and alcohol increase risk. Early assessment improves the chance of finding disease at a more treatable stage.
• Dry mouth: Reduced saliva may be related to medicines, diabetes, autoimmune disease or head and neck radiotherapy. It can increase the risk of rapid tooth decay, oral infection and difficulty eating or speaking.

• Early childhood caries: Tooth decay can develop soon after the first teeth appear and may progress quickly. Frequent sugary drinks or snacks and prolonged bottle use, especially during sleep, can increase risk.
• Pulp and dental infections: Untreated decay in primary teeth can cause pain, abscess and difficulty eating or sleeping. Treatment protects the child's comfort and helps preserve space for permanent teeth when possible.
• Oral habits and developing bite: Thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, prolonged pacifier use and mouth breathing can affect the developing teeth or jaws when they persist. Assessment helps determine whether guidance, medical evaluation or an appliance is appropriate.

• Clinical dental examination: The dentist checks the teeth, gums, bite, oral tissues and jaw joints. The examination also includes questions about symptoms, oral hygiene, diet, tobacco or areca nut use, medicines and relevant medical conditions.
• Intraoral dental X-rays: Small images taken inside the mouth show individual teeth and the surrounding bone. They may be used to assess decay, root infection, bone support and root canal treatment.
• Bitewing X-rays: These images show the crowns of the upper and lower back teeth and can detect decay between teeth that may not be visible during examination.
• Panoramic X-ray: An orthopantomogram, or OPG, provides an overview of the teeth, jaws and nearby structures. It may be used when assessing wisdom teeth, jaw lesions, facial injuries, orthodontic needs or selected implant cases.
• Cone beam CT: CBCT produces three-dimensional images of the teeth and jaws. It is used selectively when detailed information about bone, tooth position, nerves, sinuses or jaw disease is needed. It is not required for every dental patient.
• Cephalometric X-ray: This side-view image of the head helps assess jaw and tooth relationships for orthodontic or corrective jaw surgery planning.
• Pulp testing: Cold, heat or electrical testing can help determine whether the pulp inside a tooth is healthy, inflamed or no longer responsive.
• Periodontal assessment: Measurements around each tooth record gum pocket depth, bleeding, recession and tooth mobility. Dental X-rays may also be used to assess supporting bone.
• Digital scans and dental models: An intraoral scan or physical impression records the shape and position of the teeth for crowns, bridges, dentures, implants, aligners or other treatment planning.
• Oral lesion biopsy: A small tissue sample may be removed under local anesthesia and examined by a pathologist. Histopathology helps confirm the diagnosis of a persistent or suspicious oral lesion.
• Medical investigations before treatment: Blood glucose, blood counts, clotting tests or other investigations may be advised when the patient's medical history or planned procedure makes them necessary. Tests are selected individually rather than ordered routinely for everyone.

Digital X-rays provide images quickly and support diagnosis and treatment planning. Imaging is prescribed only when it is expected to answer a clinical question, with attention to keeping radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable. 

CBCT can help assess implant sites, impacted teeth, complex root anatomy and jaw conditions when two-dimensional imaging does not provide enough information. 

Motor-driven instruments and electronic apex locators can support cleaning, shaping and measurement during root canal treatment. 

Dental loupes or an operating microscope can improve visibility during selected root canal, restorative and surgical procedures. 

Intraoral scanners can create a digital model of the teeth for selected crowns, bridges, implants, dentures and orthodontic treatment without a conventional impression tray. 

Instrument cleaning, sterilization, surface disinfection, personal protective equipment and single-use items form part of dental infection prevention. 

Access to anesthesia, emergency services, imaging, pathology and medical specialists can support patients who need more complex dental or maxillofacial care.