Zonisamide - Ntchito, Mlingo, Zotsatirapo ndi Zina

Chiyambi: Kodi Zonisamide ndi chiyani?

Zonisamide ndi mankhwala oletsa khunyu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khunyu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu. Amagwira ntchito poletsa mphamvu zamagetsi muubongo, kuchepetsa mwayi wa khunyu. Zonisamide nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa ngati chithandizo chowonjezera cha khunyu yomwe imayamba pang'ono ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akuluakulu ndi ana azaka 6 ndi kupitirira apo. Mankhwalawa ndi a gulu la sulfonamide ndipo amapezeka mu kapisozi wakamwa, nthawi zambiri pansi pa dzina la Zonegran?.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zonisamide

Zonisamide nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Kugwidwa ndi Khunyu Pang'ono: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chowonjezera kwa akuluakulu ndi odwala ana (zaka 6).
• Kupewa Mutu Wopweteka (osati chizindikiro).
• Matenda a Parkinson (omwe si chizindikiro cha matenda).
• Ululu wa Mitsempha (wosatchulidwa): Umboni wochepa m'matenda ena.

Zonisamide nthawi zambiri sigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala amodzi okha koma ingakhale yothandiza kwambiri ngati gawo la dongosolo lalikulu la chithandizo cha khunyu.

Kodi Ntchito?

Zonisamide imagwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Amatseka njira za sodium ndi T-type calcium, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kuwombera mobwerezabwereza kwa ma neuron.
• Amasintha njira za GABAergic ndi glutamatergic, kulinganiza zizindikiro zolimbikitsa ndi zoletsa mu ubongo.
• Amaletsa ntchito ya carbonic anhydrase, yomwe ingathandize pa ntchito yake yoletsa kutsekeka kwa mitsempha.

Njira zimenezi zimathandiza kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa khunyu.

Mlingo ndi Utsogoleri

Zonisamide imapezeka mu makapisozi a 25 mg, 50 mg, ndi 100 mg.

Mlingo Wachizolowezi wa Akuluakulu:

• Mlingo woyamba: 100 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Mlingo wosamalira: 300?400 mg/tsiku m'magawo ogawanika.
• Mlingo waukulu: 600 mg/tsiku.

Mlingo wa Ana (Zaka ?6):

Mlingo umayambira pa kulemera, kuyambira pang'onopang'ono kenako pang'onopang'ono umawonjezeka motsogozedwa ndi dokotala. Kawirikawiri, 12 mg/kg/tsiku poyamba, imawonjezeredwa kufika pa 4.8 mg/kg/tsiku (mpaka 12 mg/kg/tsiku kapena 600 mg/tsiku).

Makapisozi a Zonisamide ayenera kumezedwa onse, kaya ndi chakudya kapena ayi. Musamatafune kapena kuphwanya makapisoziwo.

Zotsatirapo za Zonisamide

Zotsatira Zina:

• Kugona kapena kutopa
• chizungulire
• Kutaya njala
• kuwonda
• Kuvuta kuika maganizo
• mutu
• Kukhumudwa

Zotsatira Zazikulu:

• Impso miyala
• Metabolic acidosis
• Maganizo ofuna kudzipha kapena kusintha kwa maganizo
• Matenda a Stevens-Johnson (matenda oopsa a khungu)
• Matenda a magazi
• Oligohidrosis (kuchepa thukuta) ndi kutentha kwambiri, makamaka mwa ana

Fufuzani thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga ziphuphu, malingaliro ofuna kudzipha, kutentha thupi kwambiri, kapena kutopa kwambiri.

Kuyanjana kwa Mankhwala

Zonisamide ikhoza kuyanjana ndi:

• Mankhwala ena oletsa khunyu (monga phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate)
• Zoletsa za Carbonic anhydrase (monga topiramate, acetazolamide): Zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha metabolic acidosis ndi miyala ya impso
• Mankhwala oletsa kutopa a CNS: Angawonjezere kugona
• Mankhwala oletsa kubereka: Angachepetse mphamvu ya mankhwala chifukwa cha kuyambitsa ma enzyme; njira zina zoletsa kubereka zimalangizidwa

Nthawi zonse dziwitsani dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse ndi zowonjezera zomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito.

Ubwino wa Zonisamide

• Kuletsa khunyu kogwira mtima ngati chithandizo chowonjezera
• Kapangidwe ka mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwa mutu (broad-spectrum anticovulsant)
• Kumwa kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku
• Zotsatira za kuchepetsa thupi, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwa odwala ena
• Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena oletsa khunyu

Zotsutsana ndi Zonisamide

Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito Zonisamide ngati:

• Muli ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la ziwengo ku mankhwala a sulfa
• Muli ndi hypersensitivity ku zonisamide
• Muli ndi vuto lalikulu la chiwindi kapena impso
• Muli ndi mbiri ya metabolic acidosis
• Muli ndi pakati kapena mukuyamwitsa, pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakuuzani momveka bwino

Kusamala ndi machenjezo

• Thirani madzi bwino kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha miyala ya impso.
• Yang'anirani thanzi la maganizo: Yang'anirani kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa, kapena maganizo ofuna kudzipha.
• Samalani ndi ana aang'ono ndi okalamba.
• Pewani kusiya kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi kuti mupewe kugwidwa ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha kusiya kumwa mankhwala.
• Yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa bicarbonate m'magazi panthawi ya chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito glaucoma kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotsekedwa ndi angle chifukwa cha kuletsa kwa carbonic anhydrase.

Ibibazo

• Kodi Zonisamide imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani? Makamaka pa khunyu loyambira pang'ono, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi mankhwala ena oletsa khunyu.
• Kodi Zonisamide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito yokha? Kawirikawiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chowonjezera, osati ngati chithandizo chodziyimira pawokha.
• Kodi Zonisamide imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti igwire ntchito? Zingatenge milungu ingapo kuti munthu athetse khunyu mokwanira.
• Kodi ana angatenge Zonisamide? Inde, kwa ana azaka 6 kapena kuposerapo omwe akuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.
• Kodi Zonisamide imayambitsa kunenepa? Ayi, nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepetsa thupi.
• Kodi ndingathe kumwa mowa ndi Zonisamide? Mowa uyenera kupewedwa, chifukwa umawonjezera zoopsa za zotsatirapo zake.
• Kodi Zonisamide ingakhudze momwe munthu akumvera? Inde, zingayambitse kuvutika maganizo kapena kusintha kwa maganizo mwa anthu ena.
• Kodi ndingatani ndikaphonya mlingo? Imwani nthawi yomweyo mukakumbukira. Dumphani ngati nthawi yatsala pang'ono kuti mutenge mlingo wotsatira? Musawonjezere kawiri mlingo.
• Kodi Zonisamide ingayambitse ziwengo? Inde, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la sulfa.
• Kodi Zonisamide ndi mankhwala olamulidwa? Ayi, si chinthu cholamulidwa ndi DEA.

Mayina A Brand

• Zonegran?
• Makapisozi a Zonisamide Odziwika

Imapezeka mu 25 mg, 50 mg, ndi 100 mg.

Kutsiliza

Zonisamide ndi mankhwala ofunika kwambiri poletsa khunyu losayamba pang'ono, makamaka ngati gawo la mankhwala ophatikizana. Ntchito yake yochuluka, nthawi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, komanso njira zingapo zogwirira ntchito zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino yothanirana ndi khunyu. Komabe, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala kuti iwunikire zotsatirapo zake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi otetezeka, makamaka kwa ana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso kapena matenda amisala.