Kuyeza kwa CBC (Kuchuluka Kwa Magazi Onse) / Hemogram: Zimene Zimaonetsa, Zimene Zimasowa, ndi Momwe Mungawerengere Lipoti Lanu

Njira zazikulu

• Zomwe zimayesa: hemoglobin, kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira ndi zizindikiro (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW), kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera onse ndi osiyana, ndi kuchuluka kwa ma platelet.
• Zimene zikusonyeza, osati umboni wake: CBC imasonyeza njira inayake, nthawi zambiri siitchula chifukwa chokha.
• Zimene sichingathe kuchita: CBC singatsimikizire kusowa kwa iron, khalidwe la thalassemia, kusowa kwa vitamini B12, matenda a clotting-factor kapena malo omwe matenda afalikira.
• Zachibadwa ndi zolimbikitsa, osati zomaliza: Zizindikiro zosalekeza ndi CBC yabwinobwino zimafunikirabe kuunikiridwanso.
• Gawo la India: Popeza vuto la thalassemia ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayoni zonse n'zofala ku India, MCV yochepa pa CBC imafunika njira ina yoganizira m'malo mwa mapiritsi a ayoni odzipangira okha.

Pang'onopang'ono

Amadziwikanso monga

• Hemogram / haemogram
• CBC yokhala ndi kusiyana; CBC ndi ESR (ikayitanidwa pamodzi, izi ndi mayeso osiyana)
• Kuyezetsa magazi, "kuyezetsa magazi kwa Hb"
• "Khoon ki jaanch" / "HB test" pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse ku India
• TLC ndi DLC (chiwerengero chonse ndi chosiyana cha leukocyte), magawo omwe adanenedwa mkati mwa CBC
• Chiwerengero cha ma platelet, chomwe chimanenedwa mkati mwa CBC, nthawi zambiri chimafunsidwa padera panthawi ya dengue

Kodi hemogram ya CBC ndi chiyani

CBC hemogram ndi kusanthula kodziyimira pawokha kwa chitsanzo chaching'ono cha magazi chomwe chimayesa mizere itatu ya maselo opangidwa ndi mafupa.

• Maselo ofiira: hemoglobin (Hb), kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira kapena hemoglobin, kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira, MCV (kukula kwapakati kwa maselo ofiira), MCH ndi MCHC (kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ndi kuchuluka kwake), ndi RDW (kusinthasintha kwa kukula kwa maselo ofiira).
• Maselo oyera: Chiwerengero chonse cha maselo ofiira a m'magazi kuphatikizapo kusiyana, ma neutrophils, ma lymphocytes, ma monocytes, ma eosinophils ndi ma basophils.
• Mapulateleti: kuchuluka kwa ma platelet, nthawi zina ndi kuchuluka kwa ma platelet.

Ma laboratories ambiri amapereka ndemanga pamene chowunikira chikuwonetsa maselo osazolowereka, ndipo katswiri wa magazi kapena katswiri wa matenda amatha kuwona magazi ozungulira omwe ali ndi utoto pansi pa maikulosikopu. Kuwunikaku ndi kafukufuku wosiyana womwe wanenedwa pamodzi ndi CBC, osati gawo la kuwerengera komwe kumachitika zokha.

Chifukwa chiyani CBC hemogram imachitidwa

• Kuwunika zizindikiro: kutopa, kusowa mpweya wokwanira chifukwa chochita khama, kupuma movutikira, kuzizira thupi, chizungulire, kutentha thupi mobwerezabwereza, kuvulala kapena kutuluka magazi mosadziwa, matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi.
• Kuwunika kwa magazi m'thupi: kutsimikizira hemoglobin yotsika ndikufotokozera kukula kwa maselo ofiira, zomwe zimatsogolera mayeso otsatira.
• Matenda ndi kutupa: Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo kumathandizira, koma sikutsimikizira, chifukwa cha bakiteriya, kachilombo kapena matenda enaake.
• Kuwunika kwa ma platelet: mu matenda a dengue, immunothrombocytopenia, matenda a chiwindi komanso musanayambe njira zina.
• Kuyang'anira mankhwala: mankhwala a chemotherapy, mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, mankhwala oletsa chithokomiro, maantibayotiki ena ndi mankhwala oletsa khunyu angakhudze kuchuluka kwa magazi.
• Kukonzekera opaleshoni isanayambe komanso isanayambe opaleshoni.
• Chisamaliro cha mimba: Kuwunika kwa hemoglobin ndi ma platelet nthawi ndi nthawi kumasankhidwa ndi dokotala wa za kubereka yemwe akupereka chithandizo.
• Khansa yamagazi yomwe ikukayikiridwa: Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi (CBC) kungachititse kuti munthu azikayikira khansa ya m'magazi kapena lymphoma; kutsimikizira kumafuna kuwunikanso kwa smear, flow cytometry, kufufuza za mafupa kapena biopsy.

Ndani ayenera kuchita mayesowa?

• Aliyense amene ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, akapatsidwa upangiri ndi dokotala.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi msambo wambiri kapena wautali, komanso anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto la kutaya magazi m'mimba kapena kuchuluka kwa magazi m'mimba.
• Amayi oyembekezera, monga gawo la chisamaliro cha amayi oyembekezera.
• Makanda, ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la kukula koipa, khungu lotuwa, njala yosafuna kudya kapena matenda obwerezabwereza, akalangizidwa.
• Anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala odziwika kuti amakhudza kuchuluka kwa magazi, nthawi zina amalandira mankhwala awo.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso osatha, matenda a chiwindi osatha, khansa, matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune, kapena matenda odziwika bwino a thalassemia kapena sickle cell.
• Opereka magazi ndi odwala asanachite opaleshoni, monga gawo la kuyezetsa magazi.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja la thalassemia kapena hemoglobinopathy ina omwe akukonzekera kutenga pakati, nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mayeso ena apadera.

Kuyeza magazi m'magazi (CBC) nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizidwanso m'maphukusi azaumoyo wamba. Ndi mayeso oyenera oyezetsa, koma zotsatira zabwinobwino mwa munthu wopanda zizindikiro sizitanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chowunikiranso thanzi lake, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi mwa munthu wathanzi nthawi zambiri sikufuna china chilichonse koma kubwerezabwereza.

Zimene CBC hemogram singathe kuzizindikira kapena kuzichotsa

Iyi ndi gawo losamvetsetseka bwino kwambiri la mayeso. CBC imawerengera maselo; siimafotokoza bwino.

• Sizingatsimikizire chomwe chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Kusowa kwa iron, khalidwe la thalassemia, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha matenda osatha komanso kupezeka kwa lead zonse zimatha kupanga maselo ofiira ang'onoang'ono. Kutsimikizira kumafunika maphunziro a ferritin ndi iron, hemoglobin electrophoresis kapena HPLC, ndi kuwunika kwachipatala.
• Sizingathetseretu kusowa kwa chitsulo. Masitolo achitsulo amatha kutha pomwe hemoglobin ndi MCV zimakhalabe mkati mwa kuchuluka komwe kwanenedwa.
• Sizingathetse vuto la kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kapena folate. Kusowa kwa B12 m'mitsempha kumatha kuchitika ndi maselo ofiira abwinobwino, ndipo kusowa kwa chitsulo nthawi imodzi kumatha kubisa maselo ofiira akuluakulu.
• Sizingachotse khalidwe la thalassemia kapena khalidwe la sickle cell. Maphunziro enieni a hemoglobin amafunika; CBC yabwinobwino si njira yodziwira momwe wodwalayo alili.
• Sizingathetse matenda. Matenda ambiri oopsa, kuphatikizapo chifuwa chachikulu, dengue, typhoid ndi sepsis yoyambirira, amatha kuchitika ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera oyera. CBC siizindikira chamoyo kapena malo; chomwe chimafunikira kumera, mayeso enieni a serology kapena antigen, ndi kujambula.
• Si mayeso oyesera magazi kuundana. Kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi mwachibadwa sikuchotsa hemophilia, matenda a von Willebrand, matenda a platelet kapena zotsatira za kuchepetsa magazi. PT/INR, APTT ndi mayeso enaake kapena platelet-function ndi mayeso osiyana.
• Sizingathetse khansa. Zotupa zolimba ndi ma lymphoma ambiri nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza CBC yabwinobwino. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, CBC singathe kuzindikira khansa ya m'magazi yokha.
• Sichiyesa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo m'thupi, ntchito ya impso, ntchito ya chiwindi, ntchito ya chithokomiro kapena shuga m'magazi.
• Sizisiyanitsa matenda a bakiteriya ndi mavairasi motsimikiza.

Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikupitirira ngakhale kuti CBC yanu ili bwino, pitani kwa dokotala wanu. Zotsatira zoyipa kapena zabwinobwino zimafotokoza zomwe zidawunikidwa tsiku lomwelo; sizitanthauza kuti matenda alipo.

Mayeso ofanana koma osiyana

Kuyesa komwe kumabwera poyamba kumadalira vuto lachipatala. Pa kutopa kosaneneka, CBC nthawi zambiri ndi poyambira panzeru. Pa chizolowezi chotuluka magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi, kuyezetsa magazi oundana kumabweretsa. Pakukayikira kuti munthu ali ndi vuto la kudwala asanakwatiwe kapena kutenga mimba, maphunziro a hemoglobin ndiye mayeso oyenera, osati CBC yokha. Pa malungo ndi ziphuphu munyengo yofala, mayeso okhudzana ndi zamoyo ndi ofunika kwambiri monga momwe chiwerengerocho chimakhalira.

Momwe mungakonzekerere

Zofunikira pakukonzekera zimakhazikitsidwa ndi labotale iliyonse ndi malo osonkhanitsira. Malangizo olembedwa a chigawo chanu ndi omwe amaperekedwa patsogolo kuposa malangizo onse apa.

• Kusala kudya: Kawirikawiri sikofunikira pa matenda a shuga okha. Kusala kudya kungapemphedwe ngati matenda a shuga kapena mafuta a m'magazi ali m'gulu la matenda a shuga.
• Mankhwala ndi zowonjezera: Uzani dokotala amene wakupemphani mankhwala ndi dokotala wa matenda a phlebotomist za mankhwala onse operekedwa ndi dokotala, zowonjezera zachitsulo kapena mavitamini, AYUSH kapena mankhwala azitsamba, ndi zowonjezera za masewera olimbitsa thupi. Musasiye kapena kusintha mankhwala aliwonse operekedwa ndi dokotala kuti "mupeze zotsatira zoyera", lankhulani ndi dokotalayo kaye.
• Kuikidwa magazi posachedwapa, jakisoni wachitsulo kapena jakisoni wa B12: Tatchulani, chifukwa izi zimasintha chithunzicho.
• Zamadzimadzi: Kumwa madzi nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti mitsempha ipezeke mosavuta. Kusowa madzi okwanira m'thupi kungapangitse kuti magazi azioneka ochuluka ndipo kumwa madzi ambiri kungayambitse kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi.
• Nthawi: Maselo oyera ndi ziwerengero zina zimasiyana tsiku lonse komanso pambuyo pa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena kupsinjika maganizo; mayeso otsatizana ndi abwino kuchitidwa nthawi yofanana.
• zovala: Valani chikwama chomwe chimapindika mosavuta.

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga pa chithandizo chochepetsa shuga m'magazi

Musamale kudya kwa nthawi yayitali mukamwa mankhwala a insulin kapena sulfonylureas popanda malangizo ochokera kwa dokotala wanu, chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia. CBC yokha siifuna kusala kudya. Khalani ndi gwero la shuga.

Ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima, CKD yowonjezereka kapena muli ndi vuto la madzi m'thupi

Musawonjezere kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mumamwa kuti "muchepetse kutayira". Khalani motsatira kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe dokotala wanu kapena chipinda choyezera shuga adakupatsani. Ngati muli pa dialysis, funsani ngati muyenera kumwa chitsanzocho musanayambe kapena mutatha phunzirolo, chifukwa nthawi yake imakhudza zotsatira zake.

Mimba

Palibe chifukwa chokhalira ndi njala kwa CBC. Kudikira nthawi yayitali popanda chakudya kapena madzi ndi bwino kupewa. Uzani ogwira ntchito ngati mwakomoka panthawi yoyezetsa magazi kale kuti mukhale pansi kapena mugone pansi.

Mu ana ndi makanda

Kusala kudya kwa nthawi yayitali sikoyenera ana aang'ono. Payenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chubu chaching'ono. Uzani ogwira ntchito za vuto lililonse la kutuluka magazi kapena kuvulala komwe kwachitika kale. Zitsanzo za kubaya chidendene mwa makanda obadwa kumene zimatha kupereka kusiyana pang'ono ndi zitsanzo za mitsempha.

Ngati mutenga mankhwala ochepetsa magazi kapena muli ndi vuto la magazi

Uzani dokotala wa phlebotomist kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali singano itachotsedwa. Musasiye kumwa mankhwala nokha.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya mayeso ndipo zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji

• Kulembetsa ndi kuzindikira: Tsatanetsatane wanu ndi fomu yopempha zatsimikiziridwa.
• Kuyika: Mukakhala pansi kapena kugona pansi; tourniquet imayikidwa pa mkono wapamwamba.
• Kuyeretsa ndi kuboola: Khungu limatsukidwa ndipo singano yoyera imalowetsedwa mumtsempha, nthawi zambiri pa chigongono chamkati. Mwa makanda, mungagwiritse ntchito kubaya chidendene kapena chala.
• Kusonkhanitsa: magazi ochepa amakokedwa mu chubu cha EDTA ndikusakanikirana pang'onopang'ono kuti asaundane.
• Pambuyo pake: Singano imachotsedwa ndipo imayikidwa ndi thonje kapena gauze kwa mphindi imodzi kapena ziwiri, nthawi yayitali ngati magazi anu akutuluka mosavuta.

Kutalika: singano nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mitsempha kwa mphindi yosakwana imodzi, ndipo zosonkhanitsa zonse zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi 2-5. Yembekezerani mphindi pafupifupi 15-30 pakati, kutengera mizere. Akatswiri amakono amawerengera mkati mwa mphindi zochepa kuchokera pamene chitsanzocho chafika ku labotale; ngati pakufunika kuwunikanso kapena kubwerezabwereza, lipotilo limatenga nthawi yayitali. Funsani malo anu osonkhanitsira momwe malipoti awo amagwirira ntchito.

Palibe nthawi yochira yomwe ikufunika. Mutha kudya, kuyendetsa galimoto ndikubwerera kuntchito zanu nthawi yomweyo. Pewani kunyamula katundu wolemera ndi mkono umenewo kwa maola angapo ndipo sungani malowo kukhala aukhondo.

Kumvetsetsa lipoti lanu la CBC

Werengani lipoti lanu poyerekeza ndi nthawi yofotokozera yomwe yasindikizidwa pa lipotilo. Nthawi yofotokozera imasiyana pakati pa ma laboratories, pakati pa analyzers, komanso malinga ndi zaka, kugonana, momwe mimba ilili komanso kutalika kwake. Miyezo yomwe ili munkhani ya pa intaneti siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuweruza lipoti lanu. Dokotala yekha amene wapempha mayeso ndi amene angalitanthauzire malinga ndi momwe matenda anu akuchitikira.

Magawo a maselo ofiira

• Hemoglobin ndi hemoglobin: Kutsika kwa magazi kumasonyeza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. CBC imawerengera; sikufotokoza chifukwa chake. Kukwera kwa magazi kungasonyeze kutaya madzi m'thupi, kusuta fodya, matenda osatha a m'mapapo kapena a mtima, kukhala m'malo okwera, kapena matenda a m'mafupa.
• MCV: MCV yotsika (microcytic) imasonyeza kusowa kwa iron, khalidwe la thalassemia kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha matenda osatha. MCV yokwera (macrocytic) imasonyeza kusowa kwa B12 kapena folate, kumwa mowa, matenda a chithokomiro kapena matenda ena a m'mafupa. MCV yachibadwa sichotsa vuto lililonse, ndipo kusowa kosiyanasiyana kungapangitse kuti munthu azioneka ngati wachibadwa.
• RDW: kuchuluka kwa maselo osiyanasiyana. RDW yokwera nthawi zambiri, ngakhale kuti si yodalirika, imasonyeza kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi kusiyana ndi thalassemia. Ndi chizindikiro, osati matenda.

Magawo a maselo oyera

• Chiwerengero chonse chowonjezeka: zingasonyeze matenda a bakiteriya, kutupa, kuvulala kwa minofu, mankhwala a corticosteroid, kusuta fodya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri posachedwapa, mimba kapena kupsinjika maganizo. Kuchuluka kwa maselo osagwira ntchito bwino kumafunika kuwunika mwachangu kwa magazi.
• Chiwerengero chonse chochepa: Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi, mankhwala ena, matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune, matenda a m'mafupa kapena hypersplenism. Anthu ena athanzi amakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha ma neutrophil malinga ndi malamulo a boma.
• Mapangidwe osiyanasiyana: Kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil nthawi zambiri kumayenderana ndi matenda a bakiteriya; kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte nthawi zambiri kumayenderana ndi matenda a mavairasi; kuchuluka kwa ma eosinophils kumatha kukhala ndi vuto la ziwengo, mphumu kapena matenda a parasitic, omwe akadali ofala m'madera ena a India. Izi ndi mgwirizano, osati umboni.

Chiwerengero cha ma platelet

• Low: Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi dengue ndi matenda ena opatsirana ndi mavairasi, immunothrombocytopenia, zotsatira za mankhwala, matenda aakulu a chiwindi ndi ndulu yotupa, ndi matenda a m'mafupa. Chofunika kwambiri, kusonkhana kwa ma platelet mu chubu cha EDTA kungapangitse kuti chiwerengerocho chikhale chochepa.
• Mwamba: Kawirikawiri zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda, kutupa, kusowa kwa chitsulo, kutuluka magazi, kapena kuchotsedwa kwa ndulu; nthawi zambiri zimakhala vuto lalikulu la m'mafupa.

Zotsatira zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe matenda alili. Kuchuluka kwa chinthu chimodzi chosazolowereka pang'ono mwa munthu wathanzi kumabwerezedwa nthawi zambiri asanachite china chilichonse.

Pamene zotsatira za CBC zingakhale zosokeretsa

Makhalidwe abwino omwe angakwezedwe molakwika

• Hemoglobin ndi hemoglobin: kutaya madzi m'thupi, nthawi yayitali yoyendera, njira yogwirana ziboda panthawi yokoka, kapena kutenga zitsanzo mwa wodwala wopanda madzi m'thupi.
• Chiwerengero cha ma platelet: Maselo ofiira osweka kapena tinthu tina tomwe tawerengedwa molakwika ndi chowunikira.
• Chiwerengero cha maselo oyera: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu posachedwapa, kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri, corticosteroids, mimba, kusuta fodya, kapena maselo ofiira okhala ndi nucleotide omwe amawerengedwa ngati maselo oyera ndi akatswiri akale.
• MCV: ma agglutinins ozizira kapena kusonkhana kwa maselo ofiira; kuchedwa musanayesedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo atupa.

Miyezo yomwe ingatsitsidwe molakwika

• Chiwerengero cha ma platelet: Kuchulukana kwa ma platelet komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha EDTA (pseudothrombocytopenia), chitsanzo chouma pang'ono, kapena chubu chosadzaza mokwanira. Ichi ndi chifukwa chofala chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi lipoti loopsa la ma platelet, ndipo kubwerezabwereza kwa chitsanzo mu chubu cha citrate ndi smear nthawi zambiri kumathetsa vutoli.
• Hemoglobin: Kutenga chitsanzo chochepetsedwa kwambiri, chotengedwa kuchokera ku nthambi ndi madontho otuluka m'mitsempha, kapena kupereka madzi ambiri.
• Zonse zimawerengedwa: chitsanzo chouma, chubu cholakwika, kapena kuchedwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zotsatira zomwe zili zolondola mwaukadaulo koma zosavuta kuziwerenga molakwika

• Kuikidwa magazi posachedwapa imasintha chithunzi cha maselo ofiira ndipo imatha kubisa mawonekedwe omwe ali pansi pake.
• Mapiritsi a Iron kapena B12 anayamba kuyesedwa asanayesedwe. akhoza kusintha zizindikiro pamene kusowa kwake ndi chifukwa chake zikupitirirabe.
• Kusowa kwachitsulo komwe kulipo nthawi imodzi komanso kusowa kwa B12 akhoza kupereka MCV yabwinobwino.
• Pregnancy nthawi zambiri amachepetsa hemoglobini mwa kusungunuka ndipo pang'ono amakweza maselo oyera; mitundu yosiyana ya mimba imagwira ntchito.
• Matenda osatha kapena kutupa akhoza kuletsa hemoglobin popanda kudya.
• Nyumba yokhala m'malo okwera kwambiri kumawonjezera hemoglobin wabwinobwino.

Ngati zotsatira zake sizikugwirizana ndi momwe mukumvera, funsani dokotala wanu. Kubwereza mayeso nthawi zambiri ndi gawo lotsatira lolondola.

Zoopsa ndi chitetezo

Kutulutsa magazi m'mitsempha mwa akuluakulu

Mavuto ndi osowa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa: kupweteka kwakanthawi, kuvulala pang'ono, kapena kupweteka pamalo obayidwa. Kukomoka kapena kufooka mutu kumatha kuchitika, nthawi zambiri mwa achinyamata, omwe ali ndi nkhawa komanso omwe sanadye. Uzani ogwira ntchito pasadakhale ngati mwakomoka kale panthawi yoyezetsa magazi. Matenda am'deralo ndi kukwiya kwa mitsempha sizichitika kawirikawiri. Kutupa kumachitika kwambiri pa mankhwala oletsa magazi, mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka m'magazi kapena omwe ali ndi vuto la kutuluka magazi.

Kubayidwa kwa chidendene kapena chala mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono

Kusamva bwino kumakhala kwakanthawi. Kutupa, ndipo nthawi zina matenda am'deralo amatha kuchitika. Kubaya chidendene mobwerezabwereza mwa makanda obadwa kumene kungayambitse kupweteka m'deralo. Zitsanzo zimasungidwa zochepa mwa makanda ndi makanda.

Imakoka kuchokera ku mzere wapakati kapena doko

Izi zimachitika ndi ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa okha, ndipo zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha matenda a mzere kapena kutsekeka. Zitsanzo zomwe zatengedwa kuchokera ku madzi oyenda mu mzere zimatha kuchepetsedwa komanso kukhala zosadalirika.

Kuchuluka kwa magazi komwe kumatengedwa kuti munthu apeze CBC ndi kochepa ndipo sikuti kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi mwa munthu wathanzi, ngakhale kuti kuyezetsa pafupipafupi kwa odwala omwe ali m'chipatala ndi makanda ang'onoang'ono kumakhala kochepa mwadala.

Zinthu zapadera

Pregnancy

Hemoglobin nthawi zambiri imatsika pang'ono panthawi ya mimba chifukwa kuchuluka kwa plasma kumawonjezeka; nthawi zina zowerengera za mimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. CBC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuyang'anira ma platelet m'mikhalidwe monga pre-eclampsia, ndikuwongolera kasamalidwe ka iron ndi folate, zonse zomwe zimasankhidwa ndi gulu la oyembekezera. CBC si mayeso a majini a prenatal, ndipo palibe ultrasound kapena ntchito yodziwira kugonana kwa prenatal yomwe imakhudzidwa.

ana

Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin, maselo oyera ndi ma lymphocyte kumasintha kwambiri kuyambira kubadwa mpaka unyamata, kotero ana ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lymphocyte. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ma lymphocyte ndi kwachibadwa m'ubwana. Kusowa kwa ayoni kumachitika kawirikawiri mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono aku India; kuwunika zakudya ndi mayeso ena kumatsogozedwa ndi dokotala wa ana.

Achikulire achikulire

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi mwa munthu wamkulu sikuyenera kuyambitsidwa ndi ukalamba. Nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza kutayika kwa magazi, matenda a impso, matenda a m'mafupa kapena kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, ndipo kumafuna kufufuza.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga akumwa mankhwala

Matenda a impso (CBC) safuna kusala kudya; pewani kusala kudya kosafunikira kwa nthawi yayitali. Matenda a impso okhudzana ndi matenda a shuga amatha kuchepetsa hemoglobin, ndipo CBC ikhoza kuyang'aniridwa pamodzi ndi mayeso a impso.

matenda aakulu impso

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumachitika kawirikawiri pamene ntchito ya impso ikuchepa, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa erythropoietin. CBC imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa iron, komanso nthawi yokhudza dialysis.

Kulephera kwa mtima

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi kusowa kwa ayoni ndizofala ndipo zimatha kukulitsa zizindikiro. Kusintha kwa madzi m'thupi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha diuretic kumatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ndi hemoglobin m'magazi, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikofunikira kuposa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Musasinthe kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatengedwa kapena omwe amatengedwa kuti azitha kuyezetsa magazi.

Chithandizo cha khansa ndi kupondereza chitetezo chamthupi

Kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala kumayesedwa pa nthawi yomwe gulu lothandizira limakhazikitsa kuti liwongolere nthawi ya mankhwala a chemotherapy ndikupeza kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil kapena ma platelet. Malungo okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil ochepa ndi vuto ladzidzidzi.

Matenda odziwika a thalassemia kapena sickle cell

Kuwerengera kwa maziko kumasiyana ndi nthawi zowerengera. Kutanthauzira kuyenera kukhala kosiyana ndi zomwe munali nazo kale komanso ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino vutoli.

Hemogram ya CBC mu nkhani ya ku India

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kwafala kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) wa ku India wanena kuti pali kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi mwa akazi a msinkhu wobereka, ana ndi atsikana achichepere, ndipo ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyezetsa magazi m'thupi kumachitika kawirikawiri m'machipatala aku India.
• Microcytosis imafunika chisamaliro, osati reflex iron. Matenda a beta-thalassemia ndi matenda ena a hemoglobinopathies amapezeka m'madera ambiri aku India. Matenda a MCV otsika okhala ndi maselo ofiira abwinobwino kapena ochulukirapo angayambitse vuto m'malo mokhala ndi kusowa kwa chitsulo. Kutsimikizira chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa musanamwe mankhwala achitsulo kwa nthawi yayitali ndikofunikira, ndipo chisankhocho ndi cha dokotala wanu.
• Dengue ndi ma platelet. M'miyezi ya mvula yamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho itatha, kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi kumachulukirachulukira. Kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi kokha sikumasankha chithandizo, kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi, zizindikiro zochenjeza, ndi momwe matenda alili, ndipo kuikidwa magazi m'magazi sikofunikira chifukwa chakuti chiwerengerocho ndi chochepa.
• Malungo ndi matenda ena a parasitic. Ma platelet otsika okhala ndi malungo ayenera kukuthandizani kuganizira za malungo; CBC singathe kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kotero kuyezetsa magazi kapena kuyesa kwa antigen mwachangu ndikofunikira.
• Mankhwala oletsa chifuwa chachikulu ndi mankhwala ena. Kuchuluka kwa magazi nthawi zina kumayesedwa panthawi ya chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu komanso mankhwala ena a nthawi yayitali, pamodzi ndi mayeso a chiwindi monga momwe adalangizidwira.
• Zowonjezera ndi zinthu zochokera ku zitsamba. Mankhwala a AYUSH, zakudya zowonjezera pa masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe amaperekedwa kwa dokotala angakhudze magazi ndi chiwindi. Fotokozani chilichonse chomwe mwamwa.
• Kusowa kwa zakudya za B12 Kawirikawiri amapezeka m'zakudya zamasamba ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi kusowa kwa ayodini.
• Zinsinsi za data. Malipoti a labotale ndi deta yaumoyo wa munthu; momwe zipatala ndi ma labotale amagwirira ntchito ku India zimayendetsedwa ndi Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. Funsani momwe lipoti lanu lidzagawidwire ndikusungidwa.

Mtengo ndi inshuwalansi ku India

CBC hemogram ndi imodzi mwa mayeso otsika mtengo kwambiri a labotale omwe alipo ku India. Mitengo nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika kwambiri m'malo osonkhanitsira okha, ndipo imasiyana kwambiri pakati pa mizinda, ma laboratories ndi magulu a zipatala. Ziwerengero zosonyeza zokha, zimatsimikizira mtengo wamakono mwachindunji ndi labotale musanayesedwe.

Chomwe chimasintha mtengo

• Mtundu wa malo: labu yodziyimira payokha, malo oyezera matenda, kapena chipatala chachitatu.
• Kulumikiza: CBC mkati mwa phukusi lowunikira thanzi nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo pa mayeso aliwonse kuposa momwe imayitanidwa yokha.
• Zowonjezera: Kuwunikanso kwa magazi m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa reticulocytes, ESR kapena CRP kumawerengedwa padera.
• Zosonkhanitsira kunyumba: nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ndalama zowonjezera.
• Mwachangu: Kukonza zinthu zofunika kwambiri kapena kukonza zinthu pambuyo pa maola kungakhale kokwera mtengo.
• Kuvomerezeka: Ma laboratories ovomerezeka ndi NABL akhoza kukhala ndi mitengo yosiyana.

Insurance

• Mayeso oyezetsa matenda akunja nthawi zambiri saphimbidwa ndi inshuwaransi yazaumoyo yokhazikika pokhapokha ngati ndondomekoyi ikuphatikizapo OPD kapena phindu la cheke chaumoyo.
• Mukalowa m'chipatala, CBC yochitidwa ngati gawo la chisamaliro cha odwala m'chipatala nthawi zambiri imaphimbidwa mkati mwa pempho lololedwa, malinga ndi malamulo a inshuwaransi.
• Mapulogalamu owunikira thanzi la ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi CBC.
• Mapulani a boma ndi zipatala za boma amapereka mayesowa pamtengo wothandizidwa kapena kwaulere m'malo ambiri.

Nthano ndi mfundo zenizeni

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe CBC hemogram ingathandize kuzindikira?

CBC imathandiza kuzindikira kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera kapena kuchepa, komanso kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi kosazolowereka. Zomwe zapezekazi zimathandiza kuwunika matenda, kutupa, kusowa zakudya m'thupi, kukonda kutuluka magazi komanso khansa zina m'magazi. CBC imasonyeza njira m'malo mozindikira matenda, kotero mayeso ena nthawi zambiri amafunika kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.

Kodi ndiyenera kusala kudya ndisanachite hemogram ya CBC?

Kusala kudya nthawi zambiri sikofunikira kwa CBC yokha. Malangizo a kusala kudya amapezeka pamene CBC yayitanidwa pamodzi ndi mayeso a shuga, insulin kapena lipid. Tsatirani malangizo olembedwa kuchokera ku labotale yanu. Ngati mutenga insulin kapena sulfonylureas, funsani dokotala wanu musanadye kuti akuyeseni.

Kodi mayeso a CBC amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Kusonkhanitsa magazi kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi ziwiri kapena zisanu, ndi singano m'mitsempha kwa mphindi yosakwana imodzi. Lolani mphindi pafupifupi 15 mpaka 30 pakati pa kafukufuku kuphatikizapo kulembetsa. Ma analyzer odziyimira pawokha amapereka zotsatira mkati mwa mphindi zochepa kuchokera pamene chitsanzo chafika, ngakhale kuti nthawi yopereka malipoti imasiyana malinga ndi ma laboratories.

Kodi mankhwala angasinthe zotsatira zanga za CBC?

Inde. Mankhwala a corticosteroids, chemotherapy, maantibayotiki ena, mankhwala oletsa khunyu, mankhwala oletsa chithokomiro ndi mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi onsewa angakhudze kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Iron, vitamini B12 ndi folate zowonjezera zimatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira. Uzani dokotala wopempha chilichonse chomwe mumamwa, kuphatikiza AYUSH ndi zowonjezera za gym, ndipo musasiye kumwa mankhwala popanda kufunsa dokotala.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi kumatanthauza chiyani?

Kuchuluka kochepa kungachitike chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana omwe angochitika kumene monga kachilombo, mankhwala ena, matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune, kutupa kwa ndulu kapena vuto la mafupa. Anthu ena athanzi mwachibadwa amakhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa ma neutrophils. Kuchuluka kochepa kamodzi nthawi zambiri kumabwerezedwa asanayesedwenso. Malungo omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kochepa panthawi ya chemotherapy amafunika kuyesedwa mwadzidzidzi.

Kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi mwanga kunabwerera pang'ono koma ndikumva bwino. Nanga bwanji tsopano?

Kuchulukana kwa ma platelet mu chubu chosonkhanitsira ndi chifukwa chodziwika bwino cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa magazi. Ma laboratories nthawi zambiri amatsimikiza zotsatira zake pa smear yozungulira kapena chitsanzo chobwerezabwereza mu chubu china. Lumikizanani ndi dokotala tsiku lomwelo kuti zotsatira zake zitsimikizidwe ndikuwunikidwa chifukwa chenicheni.

Kodi CBC iyenera kubwerezedwa kangati?

Palibe nthawi yoti munthu azitha kuchira. Munthu wamkulu wathanzi, CBC ikhoza kuphatikizidwa mu kafukufuku wa thanzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Pa chithandizo cha chemotherapy kapena mankhwala enaake a nthawi yayitali, kuyezetsa kumatha kuchitika mlungu uliwonse kapena mwezi uliwonse. Pa mimba, matenda osatha a impso kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, dokotala wochiza amakhazikitsa nthawi.

Kodi CBC ndi yotetezeka kwa ana komanso panthawi ya mimba?

Kutenga magazi m'magulu onse awiri ndi kozolowereka ndipo mavuto si achilendo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ululu waufupi kapena kuvulala pang'ono. Machubu ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makanda, ndipo nthawi zina zowerengera za ana kapena mimba zimafunika kuti azitha kutanthauzira.