Mayeso a 2D Echo (Echocardiography): Zimene Zimaonetsa, Zimene Sizingatheke, Njira ndi Zotsatira zake

Njira zazikulu

• Zomwe zimayesa: Kapangidwe ka mtima, ntchito ya valavu komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kupompa nthawi yeniyeni, popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa.
• Chimene chimasowa: Kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya mtima, kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka mtima komwe kumabwera ndi kupita, ndi zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Yemwe akuyenera: anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira, kung'ung'udza, matenda a mtima oganiziridwa kuti ndi valavu kapena nyamakazi, kulephera kwa mtima, kapena matenda a mtima odziwika omwe akutsatiridwa.
• Ubwino wa zotsatira umasiyana: Echo imadalira wogwiritsa ntchito ndipo khalidwe la chithunzi limadalira kapangidwe ka thupi, matenda a m'mapapo ndi kupuma.
• Kutanthauzira ndi kwachipatala: Manambala omwe ali pa lipotilo amatanthauza zinthu zosiyanasiyana mwa anthu osiyanasiyana, ndipo dokotala yekha amene anapempha kuti mawuwo amveke ndi amene angawafotokozere momveka bwino. Zotsatira zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo alili.

Pang'onopang'ono

Amadziwikanso monga

• Mayeso a Echo
• 2D echocardiography, TTE, transthoracic echo
• Sonography ya mtima, sonography ya mtima, ultrasound ya mtima
• Ma Doppler echo a utoto (pamene kafukufuku wa kayendedwe ka Doppler akuphatikizidwa)
• "Dil ka echo" m'magwiritsidwe ntchito a tsiku ndi tsiku a ku India

Kodi mayeso a 2D echo ndi otani?

Mayeso a 2D echo amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu ochokera ku transducer yogwira dzanja yomwe imayikidwa pachifuwa. Mafunde amphamvu amawonetsa minofu ya mtima, ma valve ndi magazi, ndipo makinawo amasintha zizindikiro zobwerera kukhala zithunzi zoyenda zamitundu iwiri.

Kafukufuku wambiri wa 2D echo ku India amanenedwa kuti ndi "2D echo yokhala ndi mtundu wa Doppler". Gawo la 2D limasonyeza kapangidwe ka thupi ndi kayendedwe ka magazi. Doppler imayesa liwiro ndi komwe magazi akuyenda, zomwe zimathandiza kuwerengera kuchepa kwa valavu, kutuluka kwa valavu ndi kupsinjika kwina mkati mwa mtima. Kutsata kwa M-mode kungaphatikizidwenso poyesa chipinda ndi khoma.

Chifukwa chake mayeso a 2D echo amachitika

• Kutupa kwa miyendo kapena kupuma movutikira: kuyang'ana kuchepa kwa ntchito yopopera magazi, kuuma kwa ma ventricle, matenda a valavu kapena madzi ozungulira mtima.
• Kung'ung'udza kunamveka pofufuza: Echo ndiye mayeso akuluakulu owunikira zilonda za valavu.
• Matenda a mtima okayikiridwa kapena odziwika: Kuwunika momwe mitral ndi aortic valve zimakhudzira ndikutsatira pakapita nthawi.
• Kuwunika kulephera kwa mtima: kuyeza gawo lotulutsa madzi ndikupeza chomwe chimayambitsa kapangidwe kake.
• Pambuyo pa matenda a mtima: kuti muone kuwonongeka kwa minofu, kuyenda kwa khoma ndi mavuto ake.
• Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo omwe akukayikiridwa mwa ana ndi akuluakulu.
• Stroke kapena systemic embolism: kufunafuna komwe mtima umachokera, ngakhale kuti transthoracic echo ili ndi mphamvu yochepa yokhudza magazi kuundana m'mbali mwa atrium yakumanzere.
• Musanayambe opaleshoni inayake kapena chemotherapy zomwe zingakhudze minofu ya mtima, komanso panthawi yotsatiridwa.
• Kuwunika kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo ndi kuyang'anira, monga kuyerekezera kokha.

Ndani ayenera kuchita mayesowa?

Kuyesa kwa 2D echo ndi mayeso otsogozedwa, osati kuwonjezera pakuwunika thanzi. Ganizirani kukambirana ndi dokotala za echo ngati muli ndi:

• Kulephera kupuma bwino mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena mukagona pansi, kapena mukudzuka usiku
• Kutupa kwa bondo kapena mwendo, kapena kutupa kwa m'mimba kosadziŵika bwino
• Kung'ung'udza, kapena mbiri yakale ya matenda a nyamakazi kapena matenda a mtima olembedwa
• Kulephera kwa mtima kodziwika, matenda a mtima, matenda a valve kapena valvu yopangira yomwe ikufunika kutsatiridwa
• Matenda a mtima omwe adapezeka kale, kapena matenda a atrial fibrillation omwe adapezeka kumene
• Kugunda kwa mtima kapena kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi komwe kukukayikiridwa kuti pali vuto la mtima
• Mbiri ya banja la wodwala matenda a mtima kapena imfa yadzidzidzi ya mtima
• Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo, kapena mwana wosadya bwino, wosakula bwino, wosamva bwino kapena wosamva bwino
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, matenda a impso osatha kapena matenda a shuga komwe kumaganiziridwa kuti kusintha kwa mtima kumapangidwa ndi dokotala

Kubwerezabwereza kwa echo si mayeso oyamba oyenera kwa aliyense amene ali ndi ululu pachifuwa, ndipo kubwerezabwereza kwabwinobwino mwa munthu amene ali ndi zizindikiro sikuthetsa kuwunikako.

Zimene echo ya 2D singazindikire kapena kuchotsa

• Matenda a mtima: Kupumula kwa 2D echo sikuona mitsempha ya mtima kapena kuonetsa kutsekeka. Kupumula kwabwinobwino sikuchotsa matenda aakulu a mtima kapena kuchotsa angina.
• Matenda a mtima akupitirira: Echo ingasonyeze kuti khoma silikuyenda bwino, koma silingathe kutsimikizira kapena kuchotsa vuto la mtima. ECG ndi troponin ya mtima zimakhalabe zofunika.
• Mavuto a rhythm: Kubwerezabwereza kwa echo si mayeso a rhythm. Matenda a arrhythmia okhazikika amafunika ECG, Holter kapena kuyang'anira rhythm kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Magulu ang'onoang'ono a zomera ndi minga: Matenda a transthoracic echo amatha kuphonya zomera zazing'ono zopatsirana za endocarditis ndipo nthawi zambiri sangathe kuwona bwino gawo lamanzere la atrium; matenda a transoesophageal echo ndi abwino kwambiri pa mafunso awa.
• Kutupa kwa aortic: Kutuluka kwa magazi m'chifuwa kungachititse kuti munthu akakayikire koma sikungathe kuchotsa kudulidwa kwa magazi m'chifuwacho. CT aortogram kapena transoesophageal echo imafunika.
• Pulmonary embolism: Echo ingasonyeze kupsinjika kwa mtima kumanja mu emboli yayikulu koma echo yachibadwa sichotsa embolism ya m'mapapo.
• Kupanikizika kwenikweni kwa mitsempha ya m'mapapo: Doppler imapereka ziwerengero zomwe zingakhale zolakwika; kuyika catheter ya mtima wakumanja kumakhalabe muyezo wofunikira.
• Zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka pachifuwa chifukwa cha mapapo, m'mero, minofu ndi mafupa, komanso asidi, zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo sizofanana ndi zomwe zapezeka.

Kupeza kuti "sikunazindikirike" pa lipoti la echo kumatanthauza kuti sikunaonekere pa kafukufukuyo, osati kuti kulibe. Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikupitirira kapena zikuipiraipira ngakhale kuti echo yakhala bwino, bwererani kwa dokotala wanu.

Mayeso ofanana koma osiyana

Kuyesa koti kumabwera koyamba kumadalira vuto

Palibe mayeso a mtima "oyamba" padziko lonse.

• Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa mwadzidzidzi: ECG ndi troponin zimakhala zoyamba; echo ndi yothandiza.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa komwe kumayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zokhazikika: Gawo lotsatira nthawi zambiri ndi kuyesa kapangidwe ka mtima kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, osati kungobwerezabwereza kokha.
• Kupuma movutikira kapena kutupa: Echo ndi pakati, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi ECG, X-ray pachifuwa ndi mayeso a natriuretic peptide komwe kulipo.
• Kung'ung'udza: echo ndiye mayeso oyenera.
• Kugunda kwa mtima kapena kukomoka: kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka thupi, ndi mawu ofotokozera kuti aone ngati pali matenda a kapangidwe ka thupi.

Momwe mungakonzekerere mayeso a 2D echo

Kukonzekera njira yopumulira ya 2D nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa. Ma protocol amasiyana pakati pa zipatala ndi malo oyezera matenda, ndipo malangizo olembedwa omwe amaperekedwa ndi chipinda chanu nthawi zonse amakhala oyamba kuposa upangiri wamba.

• zovala: Valani chinthu chomasuka komanso cha zidutswa ziwiri; pachifuwa payenera kukhala chosavuta kufikako ndipo akazi nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa diresi.
• Chakudya ndi zakumwa: Kusala kudya nthawi zambiri sikofunikira kuti munthu apumule. Kusala kudya nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuti munthu amve mawu a transoesophageal komanso kuti munthu asamavutike maganizo.
• Mankhwala: Pitirizani kumwa mankhwala anu monga mwachizolowezi pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu wakuuzani zina. Musasiye kapena kulumpha piritsi lililonse nokha; ngati mwapemphedwa kuti musamwe mankhwala musanayambe kuvutika maganizo, malangizo amenewo amachokera kwa dokotala.
• Bweretsani nanu: Kutumiza kwa dokotala, malipoti a ECG ndi ma echo akale, zolemba za angiography kapena opaleshoni, ndi mndandanda wamankhwala omwe muli nawo panopa.
• Uzani gululo za: mimba, pacemaker kapena chipangizo choikidwa, opaleshoni ya valavu yam'mbuyomu, mabala pachifuwa kapena ma clogging, ndi opaleshoni iliyonse yapachifuwa yaposachedwa.

ana

Kulankhula kwa ana kumatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo kungafunike kuti kholo likhalepo, kudyetsa kapena kusokoneza ana. Nthawi zina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogona ana aang'ono osagwirizana ndipo kumasankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.

Pregnancy

Kujambula kwa 2D kwa amayi sikukhudza kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachitika panthawi ya mimba pamene pali vuto la mtima. Kujambula kwa mtima kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi njira yodziwira matenda a mtima yomwe imachitidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zachipatala za mwana wosabadwayo kapena ana, ndipo ultrasound yonse ya amayi oyembekezera ku India imayendetsedwa ndi PC-PNDT Act, 1994; lamulo limaletsa kudziwa kugonana.

Matenda a shuga pa chithandizo chochepetsa shuga m'magazi

Kupuma mokwanira sikufuna kusala kudya, kotero chakudya ndi mankhwala zimapitirira mwachizolowezi. Ngati chipinda chanu chikukupemphani kuti musala kudya kuti muphunzire pamodzi kapena kuti muphunzire za nkhawa, funsani dokotala wanu momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito insulin kapena sulfonylureas, chifukwa kusala kudya pa mankhwala awa kungayambitse hypoglycemia.

Kulephera kwa mtima, matenda a impso opitirira muyeso kapena kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi

Kugona pansi kungakhale kovuta ngati mukupuma movutikira; uzani katswiri wa sonographer, chifukwa kafukufuku wambiri akhoza kuchitika moimirira kapena moimirira. Ngati muli ndi vuto la madzi, musawonjezere kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mumamwa musanapite ku scan popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu.

Achikulire achikulire

Kutembenukira kumanzere kungakhale kovuta ndi nyamakazi kapena kufooka. Chithandizo ndi kuyenda pang'onopang'ono ndizochitika kawirikawiri, ndipo mayeso amatha kusinthidwa.

Zomwe zimachitika panthawi yoyesa ma echo a 2D

• Kuyika: Mumagona pa sofa, nthawi zambiri mumayang'ana kumanzere kwanu ndi dzanja lamanzere litakwezedwa, zomwe zimabweretsa mtima pafupi ndi khoma la pachifuwa.
• Madontho a ECG: Ma electrode ang'onoang'ono akhoza kumamatira pachifuwa kuti azitha kujambula zithunzi ndi kugunda kwa mtima.
• Gel ndi transducer: Gel yochokera m'madzi imayikidwa ndipo choyezera chimasunthidwa pakati pa nthiti, pansi pa fupa la pachifuwa ndi pansi pa khosi. Kupanikizika kolimba ndi kwabwinobwino ndipo kumatha kumva kusasangalala, makamaka pamwamba pa nthiti.
• Malangizo a kupuma: Mungapemphedwe kuti mupume mpweya ndi kugwira pang'ono kuti chithunzi chikhale bwino.
• Ma sound a Doppler: Mudzamva phokoso lofuula; izi ndi zizindikiro za kuyenda kwa magazi, osati zachilendo.

Nthawi yomwe imatenga: njira yopumulira ya 2D echo yokhala ndi mtundu wa Doppler nthawi zambiri imatenga mphindi 15-45, kuphatikizapo malo ndi miyeso. Mawindo ovuta kujambula, kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane ma valavu, matenda a mtima obadwa nawo komanso maphunziro a ana amatenga nthawi yayitali. Maphunziro a transoesophageal ndi stress echo amafunikira kukonzekera kowonjezera, kuyang'anira ndi nthawi yochira, kotero konzani ulendo wautali.

Kumvetsetsa lipoti lanu la 2D echo

Malipoti a Echo ndi okhutitsidwa komanso aukadaulo. Magawo omwe ali pansipa akufotokoza zomwe mitu yodziwika bwino ikutanthauza. Palibe nambala pa lipotilo yomwe ndi matenda okha, ndipo miyeso iyenera kuwerengedwa pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zanu, mayeso ndi mayeso ena ndi dokotala amene adapempha echo.

Gawo lakumanzere la ejection ventricle (LVEF)

Gawo lotulutsa magazi limayesa kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe atulutsidwa kuchokera kumanzere kwa ventricle ndi kugunda kulikonse. Ndi kuyerekezera, osati muyeso wolondola, ndipo kumatha kusiyana pakati pa operekera magazi, pakati pa njira (kuyerekeza kowoneka poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi a biplane) komanso pakati pa maulendo. Mtengo wa "malire" mu lipoti limodzi ndi mtengo wamba mu lotsatira ukhoza kuwonetsa kusiyana kwa muyeso osati kusintha kwenikweni. Mizere ya ntchito yabwinobwino, yochepetsedwa pang'ono komanso yochepetsedwa iyenera kuwerengedwa motsutsana ndi miyeso yotchulidwa ndi labotale yanu yolengeza ndi buku lotsogolera lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kukula kwa chipinda ndi makulidwe a khoma

Zipinda zotambasuka kapena makoma okhuthala angayambitse kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, matenda a mtima, matenda a valavu kapena, nthawi zina, kusintha kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Miyeso imakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa thupi, komwe ndikofunikira makamaka kwa odwala aku South Asia, kotero nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kupeza ma valve ndi kuyika ma grade

Kuchepa kwa ma valvu (stenosis) ndi kutuluka kwa madzi (regurgitation) nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa ngati zazing'ono, zofatsa, zapakati kapena zazikulu. Kulemba kumeneku ndi kuweruza kophatikizana kutengera miyeso ndi zithunzi zingapo za Doppler, ndipo kumadalira pang'ono komanso kulemera, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi madzi m'thupi zonse zimasinthasintha manambala. Kubwerezabwereza kwa "tricuspid" kapena "kofatsa" kwa tricuspid kapena mitral ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri m'mitima yathanzi ndipo nthawi zambiri sichifuna chithandizo konse. Odwala nthawi zambiri amaona kuti kalasi iliyonse ya valvu ndi matenda oopsa; kalasiyo iyenera kutanthauziridwa ndi chithunzi chachipatala.

Ntchito ya diastolic

Izi zikufotokoza momwe ventricle imapumulira komanso kudzaza bwino. Mawonekedwe omwe anenedwawa ndi osalunjika, amakhudzidwa ndi zaka, kamvekedwe ka thupi ndi momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito, ndipo amaonedwa bwino ngati umboni umodzi osati ngati umboni wodziyimira pawokha.

Kuthamanga kwa pericardial

Madzi ozungulira mtima angatanthauzidwe kuti ndi ochepa, ofatsa, apakati kapena akuluakulu. Kufunika kwake kumadalira momwe amasonkhana mwachangu komanso ngati akufinya mtima, osati pa voliyumu yokha.

Kupanikizika kwa mapapo

Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya m'mapapo komwe kumachokera ku doppler ndi kuyerekezera, osati kuyesedwa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo kumadalira kupeza jet yokwanira yobwerera m'mbuyo. Kungakhale kopitirira muyeso kapena kocheperako.

Mawu omwe nthawi zambiri amadetsa nkhawa odwala mosafunikira

• "Valavu ya aorta ya sclerotic": Kukhuthala popanda chopinga chachikulu; kumachitika kawirikawiri ndi ukalamba.
• "Wosafunikira MR/TR": mtundu wamba mwa anthu ambiri.
• "Kulephera kwa diastolic kwa Giredi 1": nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhudzana ndi ukalamba ndipo nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsa zizindikiro.
• "Palibe vuto la kuyenda kwa khoma m'chigawo": kulimbikitsa za kuyenda kwa khoma lopumula, koma osati chikalata chotsimikizira kuti mitsempha ya mtima yatuluka.

Pamene zotsatira za 2D echo zitha kukhala zosokeretsa

Zomwe zapezeka zomwe zingakokeredwe molakwika kapena kufotokozedwa mopitirira muyeso

• Kutuluka kwa valavu kwakwera Kuthamanga kwa magazi kukakhala kokwera, kugunda kwa mtima kumakhala kofulumira, kapena mukakhala ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso mimba yokhala ndi magazi ambiri.
• Kupanikizika kwa m'mapapo kumaganiziridwa mopitirira muyeso kuchokera ku ndege ya Doppler yoipa kapena yopingasa.
• Kukhuthala kwa khoma kotchedwa over m'mawonekedwe opendekera kapena pamene minofu ya papillary ikuphatikizidwa.
• Kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kumene mafuta a m'mimba kapena pleural collection amasokonezedwa ndi madzi.

Zomwe zapezeka zomwe zingachepe kapena kuphonya molakwika

• Gawo lotulutsa madzi silikuganiziridwa mokwanira pamene nsonga yeniyeni siijambulidwa (mawonekedwe ofupikitsidwa).
• Kuopsa kwa stenosis sikuganiziridwa mokwanira ngati Doppler beam siili yogwirizana ndi jet, kapena ngati madzi ake sakuyenda bwino ndipo ntchito yake siili bwino.
• Zomera zazing'ono, makwinya ang'onoang'ono ndi zolakwika zazing'ono za septal sizinapezeke m'mawindo ochepa odutsa chifuwa.
• Kafukufuku wonse wachepa mu matenda a emphysema ndi matenda a m'mapapo osatha, kupunduka kwa khoma la chifuwa, minofu yokhuthala pachifuwa, kulemera kwa thupi kwakukulu, mavalidwe ochitidwa opaleshoni, kulephera kugona cham'mbali, kapena kayimbidwe kosazolowereka monga atrial fibrillation komwe kuchuluka kwa kugundana kumasiyana.

Echo imadalira opareshoni. Malipoti awiri okhudza mtima womwewo, milungu ingapo, amatha kusiyana pang'ono popanda kusintha kwenikweni mumtima. Ngati chisankho chili chopinga, dokotala wanu wa mtima angabwereze kafukufukuyo, kupempha mtundu wina wa echo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito MRI ya mtima.

Zoopsa ndi chitetezo

Kupumula kwa transthoracic 2D echo

Njira yopumulira yokhazikika siigwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa, singano kapena zotsatirapo zodziwika bwino zowononga minofu pamalo odziwira matenda. Kusasangalala kwakukulu ndi gel yozizira, kupanikizika pakati pa nthiti, kuyabwa pakhungu kuchokera ku zomatira za ECG, komanso kupuma movutikira ngati muyenera kugona pansi. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa makanda obadwa kumene, oyembekezera komanso okalamba.

Stress echocardiography

Kumva kupsinjika maganizo kumakhala ndi zoopsa zenizeni, ngakhale zachilendo, chifukwa mtima umavutika mwadala: kupweteka pachifuwa, kusakhazikika kwa mtima, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso zochitika zoopsa za mtima. Kumachitika ndi kuyang'aniridwa kosalekeza, malo opumulirako komanso chilolezo chapadera. Chitetezo cha kumva kupsinjika maganizo sichigwira ntchito pa maphunziro a kupsinjika maganizo.

Kumveka kwa transoesophageal

TEE imalowa m'thupi. Zoopsa zake ndi monga kusasangalala pakhosi, kupuma movutikira komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, kutuluka magazi, komanso kuvulala kwa m'mero ​​kapena kubowoka kwa m'mero ​​nthawi zambiri. Kusala kudya ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka ndizofunikira.

Kubwereza kowonjezera kusiyana

Mankhwala osiyanitsa a ultrasound nthawi zambiri amaloledwa bwino koma angayambitse kukhudzidwa kwa hypersensitivity ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pa matenda enaake a mtima ndi mapapo. Maphunziro a saline okwiya amafunika cannula yolowetsedwa m'mitsempha.

Zinthu zapadera

Pregnancy

Kubwerezabwereza kwa amayi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pali kupuma mopitirira muyeso womwe umayembekezeredwa pa nthawi ya mimba, kung'ung'udza, matenda odziwika bwino a valavu kapena opaleshoni yamtima yapitayi. Mimba yachibadwa yokha imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi kuyenda kwa magazi, zomwe zingasinthe pang'ono kukula kwa chipinda ndi kusintha kwa Doppler; malipoti ayenera kuwerengedwa ndi zimenezo m'maganizo. Kuwunika mtima kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi kuyesa kwina ndipo kumayendetsedwa ndi PC-PNDT Act, 1994.

Ana ndi makanda obadwa kumene

Kuzindikira kwa ana ndi luso losiyana lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri kapangidwe ka thupi la mwana wobadwa nalo. Mawindo azithunzi mwa makanda nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kwambiri. Zomwe zapezeka monga patent ductus mwa mwana wakhanda kapena vuto laling'ono la septal zimafuna kutanthauzira kwa matenda a mtima a ana, chifukwa ambiri amatseka kapena amakhalabe opanda vuto.

Achikulire achikulire

Kukhuthala kwa ma valavu okhudzana ndi ukalamba, kusintha pang'ono kwa diastolic ndi kufalikira pang'ono kwa mizu ya aorta ndi matenda wamba ndipo si matenda okha. Zofooka pa malo ndi kusintha kwa mapapo kungachepetse ubwino wa chithunzi.

Kugundana kwa mtima ndi kayimbidwe kosasinthasintha

Kusintha kwa beat-to-beat kumapangitsa kuti muyeso umodzi usadalire; avareji ya ma beat angapo ikufunika, ndipo ma gradients angakhalebe osalondola.

Matenda a impso osatha komanso dialysis

Kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa chipinda, kupanikizika ndi ma valvu. Ma echo omwe amachitika nthawi yomweyo asanachite dialysis komanso atangomaliza kuchita dialysis amatha kuwoneka mosiyana, kotero nthawi iyenera kulembedwa.

Kulephera kwa mtima

Ma echo otsatizana amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza momwe mitsempha yamagazi imagwirira ntchito komanso matenda a valavu. Kusintha pang'ono kwa kachigawo kotulutsa magazi pakati pa kafukufuku kungakhale kusintha kwa muyeso; zisankho za chithandizo zimadalira momwe zinthu zilili komanso zizindikiro zake.

Zipangizo zoikidwa m'thupi ndi opaleshoni yapitayi

Opanga ma pacemaker, ma prosthetic valves ndi opaleshoni ya past bypass kapena valve sizimaletsa echo, koma zimasintha zithunzi ndipo zimafuna kuti katswiri wa mtima adziwe mbiri ya opaleshoniyo. Ngati MRI ya mtima ikaganiziridwa pambuyo pake, ma implants amafunika kuwunika chitetezo cha MRI m'malo moganiziridwa kuti ndi osatetezeka.

Mayeso a 2D echo mu nkhani ya ku India

• Matenda a mtima a nyamakazi akadali chizindikiro chofunikira. Ku India, echo ndiye mayeso akuluakulu owunikira kuwonongeka kwa valvu ya mitral ndi aortic pambuyo pa malungo a rheumatic, kukonzekera opaleshoni ya balloon valvotomy kapena opaleshoni, komanso kutsatira. Aliyense amene ali ndi mbiri ya malungo a rheumatic komanso kupuma movutikira ayenera kuyesedwa m'malo motsimikiziridwa ndi lipoti lakale.
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi kofala ndipo kumakhudza lipotilo. Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa iron ndi thalassemia kumawonjezera kutulutsa kwa mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso la magazi liziyenda bwino kwambiri ndipo ma Doppler gradients ndi ma valve leaks ziwonekere kwambiri kuposa momwe zilili mu mkhalidwe wokonzedwa.
• Matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya pa BMI yotsika. Anthu aku South Asia amakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga komanso kusintha kwa mtima m'thupi lawo akamalemera thupi lochepa, kotero kuti thupi lawo "limawoneka bwino" silipangitsa kuti matenda a mtima asamachitike.
• Mawu ofotokozera omwe mudzamva kwanuko: "mayeso a echo", "colour Doppler echo", "sonography of the heart", "2D echo with Doppler". Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchula kafukufuku wofanana wopumula wa transthoracic.
• Lamulo la kujambula zithunzi za mwana asanabadwe: Ultrasound iliyonse yomwe imachitidwa pa nthawi ya mimba, kuphatikizapo fetal echocardiography, imagwera pansi pa PC-PNDT Act, 1994. Kuzindikira kapena kuulula kugonana kwa mwana wosabadwayo n'kosaloledwa.
• Malonda ndi zonena: Zonena zotsatsa zokhudzana ndi mayeso ozindikira matenda ku India zimaletsedwa ndi Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954, komanso ndi malamulo a khalidwe la akatswiri. Samalani ndi ma phukusi omwe amalonjeza "kuchotsa matenda a mtima" ndi mawu okha.
• Zinsinsi za data: Zithunzi ndi malipoti obwerezabwereza ndi deta yazaumoyo yofunika kwambiri; kugwiritsa ntchito deta yaumwini ndi zipatala ndi malo oyezera matenda ku India kumayendetsedwa ndi Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.

Mtengo ndi inshuwalansi ku India

Kupumula kwa 2D echo yokhala ndi utoto wa Doppler ndi imodzi mwa mayeso otsika mtengo ojambulira zithunzi za mtima, nthawi zambiri mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa CT coronary angiography kapena cardiac MRI. Mitengo imasiyana kwambiri pakati pa mizinda, pakati pa zipatala za boma ndi zachinsinsi, komanso pakati pa malo odziyimira pawokha oyezera matenda ndi zipatala zapamwamba. Funsani mtengo wapano posungitsa; chiwerengero chilichonse chotchulidwa pa intaneti ndi chongosonyeza ndipo sichingasonyeze zomwe mukulipira.

Zinthu zomwe zimasintha mtengo:

• Mtundu wa kafukufuku, kupuma kwa 2D echo motsutsana ndi stress echo, transoesophageal echo, 3D echo, contrast echo kapena fetal echocardiography, zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika.
• Kaya katswiri wa mtima amachita ndi kupereka lipoti la kafukufukuyu payekha
• Kulandira odwala omwe ali m'chipatala, zadzidzidzi, pafupi ndi bedi kapena ICU echo poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku wokonzedwa wakunja kwachipatala
• Gulu la mzinda ndi mtundu wa malo, komanso momwe zinthu zilili zovomerezeka
• Maphunziro a ana ndi obadwa nawo, omwe amatenga nthawi yayitali
• Ma phukusi oyezera thanzi kapena a mtima, omwe angaphatikizepo ECG, mayeso oyezera makina oyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi upangiri
• Kuchotsera kobwerezabwereza kapena kotsatira kafukufuku, komwe kulipo

Inshuwalansi: mayeso ozindikira matenda omwe amachitidwa kokha ngati kafukufuku wakunja kwa dokotala nthawi zambiri salipidwa motsatira mfundo zokhazikika za thanzi pokhapokha ngati ndondomekoyo ikuphatikizapo maubwino akunja kwa dokotala kapena maubwino ozindikira. Kubwerezabwereza komwe kumachitika panthawi yolaliridwa kuchipatala, komwe kumaphimbidwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala gawo la zomwe zapemphedwa. Kuphimba pansi pa mapulani a boma ndi mapulani a olemba ntchito kumasiyana. Tsimikizirani ndi kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi kapena ofesi ya inshuwaransi ya chipatala musanayese mayeso, ndipo sungani mankhwala ndi lipoti la zomwe zapemphedwa.

Nthano ndi mfundo zenizeni

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI

Kodi mawu oti 2D echo amapweteka?

Kupumula kwa 2D echo sikupweteka kwa anthu ambiri. Gel imamveka yozizira ndipo probe imakanizidwa mwamphamvu pakati pa nthiti, zomwe zimatha kukhala zofewa, makamaka ngati chifuwa chanu chapweteka kapena mwachepa thupi. Uzani katswiri wa sonographer ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kukuvuta, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ngodya imatha kusinthidwa.

Kodi 2D echo imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto?

Kujambula kokha nthawi zambiri kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 15-45. Onjezani nthawi yolembetsa, kusintha ndi kudikira. Maphunziro obadwa nawo, ana komanso ovuta kwambiri amatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo kupsinjika maganizo kapena kusinthasintha kwa m'mimba kumafuna kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuchira, zomwe zingapangitse kuti ulendowo ukhale maola angapo.

Kodi echo ya 2D ingazindikire mtsempha wotsekeka kapena kulosera matenda a mtima?

Ayi. Chiwonetsero cha 2D chomwe chilipo sichisonyeza mitsempha ya mtima ndipo sichingathe kulosera za matenda a mtima amtsogolo. Chingasonyeze kuwonongeka kwa minofu chifukwa cha matenda am'mbuyomu. Ngati mukukayikira matenda a mtima, dokotala wanu adzasankha mayeso a ischemia kapena chithunzi cha mtima m'malo modalira chisonyezerocho.

Kodi ndiyenera kusala kudya ndisanayambe 2D echo?

Kusala kudya nthawi zambiri sikofunikira kuti munthu apumule. Kusala kudya nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuti munthu azitha kuchira kudzera mu transoesophageal echo ndi njira zina zochepetsera nkhawa. Tsatirani malangizo olembedwa kuchokera ku chipatala chanu, ndipo ngati mukumwa insulin kapena mankhwala ena ochepetsa shuga, funsani dokotala momwe mungawathandizire ngati mukufuna kusala kudya.

Kodi echo ya 2D ndi yofanana ndi ECG?

Ayi. ECG imalemba momwe mtima umagwirira ntchito mumphindi zochepa ndipo imawonetsa kayendedwe kake ndi njira zina zochepetsera kapena kupsinjika. 2D echo imapanga zithunzi zoyenda za kapangidwe kake ndi ntchito yopopera. Mayeso awiriwa amayankha mafunso osiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri amayitanidwa pamodzi.

Kodi ndidzapeza liti lipoti langa la echo, ndipo bwanji ngati silili bwino?

Nthawi yopereka lipoti imadalira malo ochitira kafukufukuyu komanso ngati dokotala wa mtima akuwunikanso zithunzizo nthawi yomweyo. Kupeza zinthu zachilendo ndi poyambira, osati chigamulo: dokotala wanu adzayesa zomwe mukuwona komanso zomwe mwawona ndipo angabwerezenso mawuwo, kuwonjezera mayeso ena, kapena kuyamba kulandira chithandizo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupeza echo ya 2D poyezetsa thanzi langa nthawi zonse?

Echo ndi yothandiza kwambiri pakakhala funso linalake, kusowa mpweya, kulira, matenda a mtima odziwika, ECG yosazolowereka. Kwa anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro, kufufuza echo nthawi zonse kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka. Kambiranani ndi dokotala ngati echo ikuwonjezera chilichonse pa vuto lanu.

Kodi mawu otsatira ayenera kubwerezedwa kangati?

Kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumadalira matenda ndi kuopsa kwake. Matenda ofatsa komanso okhazikika a valavu amatha kuwunikidwanso nthawi yayitali; matenda oopsa a valavu, matenda a mtima kapena chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimakhudza mtima chikufunika kutsatiridwa mosamala. Dokotala wanu wa mtima yekha ndiye angasankhe nthawiyo, kutengera kafukufuku wanu womaliza komanso zizindikiro zomwe zilipo.

Kodi ndingayendetse galimoto ndikubwerera kuntchito nditamva mawu a 2D echo?

Mukamaliza kupuma mokweza, mutha kuyambiranso ntchito zanu zachizolowezi, kuyendetsa galimoto ndikugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo; palibe nthawi yochira. Mukamaliza kupuma mokweza ndi kupuma movutikira, simuyenera kuyendetsa galimoto ndipo mudzafunika woperekeza. Kupuma movutikira kumafuna nthawi yoyang'aniridwa musanachoke.

magwero

• American Society of Echocardiography, malangizo okhudza kuchuluka kwa chipinda, kubwezeretsanso kwa valvular ndi kuwunika kwa stenosis [Tsimikizirani kope lamakono, KUTI LITSIMIKIZIDWE]
• European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, malangizo okhudza transthoracic, stress and transoesophageal echocardiography [Tsimikizirani kope lamakono, KUTI LITSIMIKIZIDWE]
• Malangizo a European Society of Cardiology / American College of Cardiology pankhani ya kulephera kwa mtima ndi matenda a mtima a valvular [Tsimikizirani kope lamakono, KUTI LITSIMIKIZIDWE]
• Malangizo a bungwe la World Health Organization pa matenda a nyamakazi