Zamgululi

Introduction

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) ndi gulu la mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awone momwe mapapo anu akugwirira ntchito. Mayeserowa amayezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya umene mungathe kuukoka ndi kuutulutsa, liŵiro limene mungapumire, ndi mmene mpweya umasamutsidwira m’mapapo mwanu m’magazi. Zotsatira za mayesowa zitha kukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza momwe mapapo anu alili komanso zimathandizira kuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana opuma, kuphatikizapo mphumu, matenda osachiritsika a pulmonary (COPD), ndi pulmonary fibrosis.

Kodi Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) ndi chiyani?

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) imatanthawuza gulu la mayeso omwe amayesa momwe mapapo anu amagwirira ntchito. Cholinga chachikulu cha mayesowa ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa mapapo, mphamvu, kuyenda, komanso momwe mpweya umasamutsira kuchokera m'mapapo kupita m'magazi. Zotsatira za PFT zingathandize kuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana a m'mapapo, kudziwa kuopsa kwa matenda a m'mapapo, ndikuwona momwe chithandizo chikuyendera kapena matenda a m'mapapo pakapita nthawi.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mayeso a pulmonary, kuphatikiza:

• Spirometry: Mayesowa amayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungatuluke ndikuutulutsa, komanso momwe mungachitire mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa zinthu monga mphumu ndi COPD.
• Mayeso a Voliyumu Yamapapo: Mayesowa amayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mapapo anu amatha kugwira, ndikuthandiza kuzindikira matenda oletsa m'mapapo monga pulmonary fibrosis.
• Kuyesa kwa Mphamvu ya Diffusion: Mayesowa amawunika momwe mpweya umayenda kuchokera m'mapapo kupita m'magazi anu. Ndikofunikira kuunika zinthu monga emphysema kapena interstitial lung disease.
• Thupi Plethysmography: Mayesowa amayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'mapapo mutatulutsa mpweya wonse, zomwe zimathandiza kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mapapo ndi kukana kwa mpweya.
• Mayeso a Methacholine Challenge: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a mphumu, kuyezetsa kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kulowetsamo mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti mpweya ukhale wolimba, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira kuti njira ya airway hyperresponsiveness.

Kodi Mayeso a Pulmonary Function amagwira ntchito bwanji?

PFT imachitika m'malo azachipatala, monga ofesi ya pulmonologist kapena chipatala. Ntchitoyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi:

1. Kukonzekera: Mayeso asanayambe, mudzafunsidwa kuchotsa zovala zothina, zodzikongoletsera, kapena zinthu zomwe zingakulepheretseni kupuma. Malingana ndi mtundu wa kuyezetsa, mukhoza kulangizidwa kuti musadye, kumwa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake kwa nthawi yodziwika musanayezedwe.
2. Mayeso a Spirometry: Kwa spirometry, mudzafunsidwa kuti mupume pakamwa pakamwa pa spirometer, yomwe imayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya umene mumapuma ndi kutuluka. Mudzafunsidwa kuti mupume mozama ndikutulutsa mpweya mwamphamvu komanso mokwanira momwe mungathere. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kangapo kuti zitsimikizire zolondola.
3. Mayeso a Voliyumu Yamapapo: Poyesa kuchuluka kwa m'mapapo, mungapemphedwe kupuma m'makina omwe amayesa mphamvu ya mapapu anu. Mukhozanso kufunsidwa kuti mupume mpweya wosakaniza kuti muthe kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mapapo anu.
4. Kuyesa kwa Mphamvu ya Diffusion: Pakuyesaku, mumakoka mpweya wochepa (nthawi zambiri mpweya wa carbon monoxide kapena chinthu chofananacho), ndipo makinawo amayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umatengedwa ndi mapapo anu ndikusamutsira m'magazi anu.
5. Thupi Plethysmography: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kukhala m’kachipinda kakang’ono kopanda mpweya ndi kupuma m’kamwa. Chipangizocho chidzayeza kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'chipindamo pamene mukupuma, kuthandizira kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mapapo ndi kukana kwa mpweya.
6. Mayeso a Methacholine Challenge: Pakuyesa uku, mumakoka kuchuluka kwa methacholine, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mpweya ukhale wochepa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu. Kuyankha kwake kumayesedwa ndi spirometry kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa njira yodutsa mpweya.

Chifukwa chiyani Mayeso a Pulmonary Function Amachitika?

Ma PFT amachitidwa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kufufuza, kuyang'anira, ndi kuyang'anira kupuma. Zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimapangidwira kuyesa ntchito ya pulmonary ndi:

• Kuzindikira Matenda Opumira: Ma PFT nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a m'mapapo monga mphumu, matenda osachiritsika a pulmonary (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, ndi emphysema. Amakuthandizani kudziwa momwe mapapo anu akugwirira ntchito komanso ngati pali vuto lililonse.
• Kuyang'anira Matenda a M'mapapo: Kwa anthu omwe apezeka kale ndi matenda a m'mapapo, ma PFT amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kuti ayang'anire momwe mapapu amagwirira ntchito ndikuwunika momwe chithandizo chimagwirira ntchito. Kusintha kwa zotsatira za mayeso kungasonyeze ngati vuto likuipiraipira kapena kusintha.
• Kuyeza Ntchito Yamapapo Musanachite Opaleshoni: Ma PFT nthawi zina amachitidwa opaleshoni isanayambe, makamaka ngati opaleshoniyo imakhudza mapapu kapena kupuma. Amathandizira kuwunika ngati mapapu a wodwalayo ali okwanira kuti achite njirayi ndikuchira pambuyo pake.
• Kuyesa Kufupika Kwa Mpweya: Ngati mukukumana ndi kupuma mosadziwika bwino, PFT ingakuthandizeni kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa. Ikhoza kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda oletsa m'mapapo (mwachitsanzo, pulmonary fibrosis) ndi matenda olepheretsa (monga mphumu kapena COPD).
• Kuwunika Kuwonekera kwa Zowopsa Zantchito: Anthu omwe agwirapo ntchito m'malo okhala ndi zinthu zovulaza (monga asibesito, fumbi la malasha, kapena zowononga zina) atha kupatsidwa PFT kuti awone momwe mapapo awo amakhudzira.

Momwe Mungakonzekere Mayeso a Pulmonary Function

Ngakhale kuti ma PFT ndi osasokoneza ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala olunjika, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo enaake okonzekera kuti muwonetsetse zotsatira zolondola. Nazi zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Pewani Kusuta: Muyenera kupewa kusuta kwa maola osachepera 24 musanayesedwe, chifukwa kusuta kumatha kusokoneza mapapu anu ndikusokoneza zotsatira zake.
• Pewani Kuchita Zolimbitsa Thupi: Muyenera kupewa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 musanayambe kuyezetsa, chifukwa kumatha kusintha kwakanthawi kagwire ntchito m'mapapo ndikusokoneza zotsatira zake.
• Mankhwala: Mankhwala ena, monga bronchodilators, steroids, kapena inhalers ena, angakhudze zotsatira za mayesero. Muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala za mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa, ndipo adzakupatsani chitsogozo choti musinthe kapena kuwakaniza musanayesedwe.
• Kusala kudya: Ngakhale kusala kudya sikofunikira, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti musamadye chakudya chochuluka musanayesedwe, makamaka ngati mumayesa mayeso a mapapu kapena thupi la plethysmography.
• Valani Zovala Zabwino: Ndibwino kuti muzivala zovala zotayirira zomwe zimakulolani kupuma momasuka. Zovala zothina zitha kukulepheretsani kupuma mozama ndipo zitha kukhudza zotsatira za mayeso.
• Bweretsani Mndandanda wa Zizindikiro Zanu ndi Mbiri Yachipatala: Khalani okonzeka kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za zizindikiro zanu (monga chifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira), mbiri ya matenda a kupuma, ndi mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito pano.

Kutanthauzira kwa Zotsatira za Mayeso

Zotsatira za mayeso a ntchito ya m'mapapo zimawunikidwa ndi wothandizira zaumoyo, nthawi zambiri pulmonologist, yemwe angatanthauzire deta potengera miyeso yambiri:

• Voliyumu Yokakamizidwa Yopuma (FEV1): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungatuluke mu sekondi imodzi mutapuma kwambiri. Ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za mapapu, makamaka pozindikira matenda olepheretsa m'mapapo monga mphumu ndi COPD.
• Mphamvu Yofunika Kwambiri (FVC): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungathe kuutulutsa mwamphamvu mukamapuma kwambiri. FVC yochepetsedwa imatha kuwonetsa matenda oletsa m'mapapo, monga pulmonary fibrosis kapena interstitial mapapu matenda.
• Chiyerekezo cha FEV1/FVC: Chiyerekezo cha FEV1 ndi FVC chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda otchinga ndi oletsa m'mapapo. Chiŵerengero chochepa chimasonyeza matenda olepheretsa m'mapapo, pamene chiŵerengero chachibadwa kapena chokwera chingasonyeze matenda oletsa.
• Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF): Izi zimayesa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri lomwe mungatulukirepo. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuopsa kwa mphumu komanso momwe wodwala angayendetsere mpweya wabwino panthawi ya mphumu.
• Total Lung Capacity (TLC): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'mapapo pambuyo pokoka mpweya wozama. Zimathandizira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe m'mapapo angatenge ndipo zimatha kuwonetsa matenda ena am'mapapo.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa Mphamvu (DLCO): Izi zimayesa momwe mpweya wabwino ngati mpweya umadutsa kuchokera m'mapapo kupita m'magazi. Ndizothandiza makamaka powunika matenda monga emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, ndi zina zomwe zimakhudza alveoli (timatumba tating'ono ta mpweya m'mapapu).

Kutanthauzira kwanthawi zonse ndi zotsatira za mayeso

Kutanthauzira zotsatira za PFT kumadalira kufananiza miyeso ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zakhazikitsidwa. Makhalidwewa amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka, kugonana, kutalika, ndi mtundu. Nthawi zambiri, magawo otsatirawa amawonedwa ngati abwinobwino:

• FEV1: Kwa munthu wathanzi, FEV1 iyenera kukhala osachepera 80% ya mtengo woloseredwa potengera zaka, kugonana, ndi kukula kwake.
• FVC: FVC iyeneranso kukhala pafupifupi 80% ya mtengo woloseredwa kwa munthu wathanzi. Mtengo wotsika ukhoza kusonyeza kuti m'mapapo muli m'mapapo oletsa.
• Chiyerekezo cha FEV1/FVC: Chiŵerengero chathanzi chimakhala choposa 70-80%. Chiŵerengero chochepera 70% chikhoza kusonyeza matenda olepheretsa m'mapapo monga COPD kapena mphumu.
• DLCO: DLCO yachibadwa imakhala pamwamba pa 80% ya mtengo womwe unanenedweratu, ngakhale izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. DLCO yotsika ikuwonetsa kusinthana kwa gasi m'mapapu, komwe nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa mu emphysema kapena pulmonary fibrosis.
• FTA: Kuchuluka kwa mapapo kuyenera kugwera munjira yoyenera kutengera kukula kwa thupi lanu. TLC yotsika imatha kuwonetsa matenda oletsa m'mapapo, pomwe TLC yayikulu imatha kuwonetsa emphysema kapena zovuta zina.

Zowopsa ndi Zovuta za PFT

Ngakhale mayeso a pulmonary ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka, pali zoopsa zingapo zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa:

• Kusapeza Bwino: Odwala ena amatha kusamva bwino panthawi ya spirometry kapena mbali zina za mayeso, makamaka ngati ali ndi mapapu omwe alipo. Ndikofunika kudziwitsa katswiri ngati mukumva mutu, chizungulire, kapena kupuma movutikira.
• Kutsekemera: Pakuyesedwa, mungapemphedwe kuti mutulutse mwamphamvu kapena kutulutsa mpweya, zomwe zingayambitse hyperventilation (kupuma mwachangu). Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi koma zimatha kuyambitsa kusapeza bwino kapena chizungulire.
• Kutenga: Ngati bronchodilator ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kapena ngati chipangizocho sichinayeretsedwe bwino, pali chiopsezo chochepa chotenga matenda. Komabe, chiopsezochi ndi chochepa kwambiri.
• Kutanthauzira Molakwika Zotsatira: Nthawi zina, mayeso angafunikire kubwerezedwa ngati zotsatira zake sizikugwirizana kapena sizikudziwika bwino. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo onse mosamala kuti muwonetsetse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Mafunso Ofunsa Odwala Okhudza Mayesero a Pulmonary Function

• Kodi Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) ndi chiyani?

  PFT ndi gulu la mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awone momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito. Imayesa kuyenda kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mapapo, komanso momwe mapapo anu amasamutsira mpweya wabwino m'magazi, kuthandiza kuzindikira ndikuwunika momwe mapapo alili.

• Kodi ndingakonzekere bwanji PFT?

  Konzekerani mwa kupeŵa kusuta kwa maola 24 musanayesedwe, kupeŵa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kudziwitsa dokotala za mankhwala omwe mumamwa. Valani zovala zotayirira ndipo pewani kudya kwambiri mayeso asanafike.

• Kodi PFT ndi yowawa?

  Ayi, PFT ndi njira yosasokoneza. Mutha kumva kukhala omasuka mukamawuzira mkamwa kapena mutagwira mpweya, koma siziyenera kuyambitsa kupweteka.

• Kodi PFT imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

  Kuyesa kwa pulmonary ntchito nthawi zambiri kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 30 mpaka 60, kutengera mtundu wa mayeso ofunikira komanso zovuta zake.

• Kodi PFT ingazindikire zinthu ziti?

  PFT imatha kuzindikira ndikuwunika zinthu monga mphumu, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, matenda am'mapapo, ndi zina zopumira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito powunika momwe matendawa akuyendera.

• Zowopsa za PFT ndi ziti?

  Zowopsa zake ndizochepa koma zingaphatikizepo kusapeza bwino kapena chizungulire, makamaka mukafunsidwa kuti mupume kapena kutulutsa mpweya mwamphamvu. Palinso chiopsezo chochepa chotenga matenda ngati zida sizinayeretsedwe bwino.

• Kodi PFT ndi yolondola bwanji?

  PFT ndi yolondola kwambiri ikachitidwa moyenera ndikutanthauziridwa ndi katswiri wophunzitsidwa bwino. Amapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa mapapu ndikuthandizira kuzindikira matenda opuma.

• Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati zotsatira zake sizili bwino?

  Ngati zotsatira zikuwonetsa vuto la m'mapapo, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angakulimbikitseni kuyesanso kapena chithandizo china, monga kusintha mankhwala kapena maphunziro owonjezera a kujambula, kuti aunike bwinobwino vutoli.

• Kodi ndingadye musanayezedwe?

  Muyenera kupewa kudya zakudya zazikulu musanayesedwe, koma zakudya zopepuka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino. Ndikofunikira kuti musasute kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi musanayesenso.

• Kodi PFT idzazindikira mphumu?

  Inde, PFT imatha kuzindikira mphumu poyesa kutuluka kwa mpweya mkati ndi kunja kwa mapapu. Odwala mphumu, mpweya ukhoza kuchepetsedwa, makamaka panthawi ya mphumu.

Kutsiliza

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) ndi chida chofunikira chowunikira thanzi la m'mapapo ndikuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana opuma. Kaya mukuyesedwa ngati muli ndi mphumu, COPD, kapena matenda ena aliwonse a m'mapapo, zomwe mwapeza kuchokera ku PFT ndizofunika kwambiri pakuwunika ndikuwongolera thanzi lanu lamapapu. Pokhala ndi kukonzekera kochepa komwe kumafunikira komanso kuopsa kocheperako komwe kumakhudzidwa, PFT ndi chida chotetezeka, chothandiza, komanso chofunikira chodziwira ndi kuchiza matenda am'mapapo msanga. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mafunso okhudza kuyezetsa, nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe zambiri.