Nitroglycerin - Ntchito, Mlingo, Zotsatirapo ndi Zina

Chiyambi: Kodi Nitroglycerin ndi chiyani?

Nitroglycerin ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza angina pectoris, mtundu wa ululu pachifuwa womwe umayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi kupita kumtima. Ndi m'gulu la mankhwala otchedwa nitrates, omwe amagwira ntchito popumitsa ndi kukulitsa mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Nitroglycerin ikhoza kuperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mapiritsi, ma spray, ndi ma patches, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yothandiza kwambiri pothana ndi matenda okhudzana ndi mtima.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin imavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zachipatala, kuphatikizapo:

• Angina Pectoris: Kawirikawiri amalembedwa kuti achepetse ululu pachifuwa womwe umabwera chifukwa cha angina.
• Kulephera kwa Mtima: Nitroglycerin ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa vuto la mtima lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kuti achepetse ntchito ya mtima.
• Myocardial infarction: Ikhoza kuperekedwa panthawi ya matenda a mtima kuti magazi aziyenda bwino kupita ku minofu ya mtima.
• Mavuto Othamanga Kwambiri: Nitroglycerin ingathandize kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.
• Ziphuphu za Anal: Mafuta a nitroglycerin a m'malo olumikizirana mafupa nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ming'alu ya m'malo olumikizirana mafupa mwa kumasula sphincter ya m'malo olumikizirana mafupa.

Mmene Ntchito

Nitroglycerin imagwira ntchito posintha kukhala nitric oxide m'thupi, yomwe ndi vasodilator yamphamvu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imamasula minofu yosalala m'mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikule. Zotsatira zake, kuyenda kwa magazi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimachepetsa ntchito ya mtima komanso kufunika kwa mpweya. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuchepetsa kupweteka pachifuwa ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mtima wonse.

Mlingo ndi Utsogoleri

Mlingo wa nitroglycerin umasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe aperekedwa:

• Mapiritsi a Sublingual: Mlingo wamba ndi 0.3 mpaka 0.6 mg womwe umatengedwa pansi pa lilime ngati pakufunika pa angina, ndipo mlingo wokwanira ndi katatu mu mphindi 15.
• Mapaketi a Transdermal: Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi patsiku, ndi mlingo wamba wa 0.2 mpaka 0.8 mg/ola.
• Kulowetsedwa m'mitsempha (IV): Mlingo ukhoza kuyambira 5 mpaka 200 mcg/min, kusinthidwa kutengera momwe wodwalayo amachitira.
• Mafuta: Amapaka pakhungu, nthawi zambiri mainchesi 1 mpaka 2, kawiri kapena katatu patsiku.

Nthawi zonse tsatirani malangizo achipatala okhudzana ndi mlingo ndi makonzedwe.

Zotsatirapo za Nitroglycerin

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha nitroglycerin ndi izi:

• mutu
• Chizungulire kapena kuwala pang'ono
• Flushing
• nseru
• Kukukwa kwa mtima kofulumira

Zotsatira zoyipa zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutsika kwa magazi (hypotension) kwakukulu (kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi)
• Kutaya
• Thupi lawo siligwirizana (zidzolo, kuyabwa, kutupa)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa komwe kumakulirakulira

Ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta zilizonse, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga.

Kuyanjana kwa Mankhwala

Nitroglycerin imatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo:

• Zoletsa za Phosphodiesterase-5: Monga sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), ndi vardenafil (Levitra), zomwe zingayambitse kuthamanga kwa magazi kwambiri.
• Ma nitrate Ena: Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi kungayambitse zotsatira zowonjezera komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha zotsatirapo zoyipa.
• Mankhwala a antihypertensive: Mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi angathandize kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi a nitroglycerin.
• Mowa: Zingawonjezere chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo zoyipa monga chizungulire ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Nthawi zonse muzidziwitsa dokotala wanu za mankhwala ndi zowonjezera zomwe mukumwa.

Ubwino wa Nitroglycerin

Ubwino wa nitroglycerin m'thupi ndi monga:

• Thandizo Lofulumira: Amachepetsa msanga zizindikiro za angina.
• Utsogoleri Wosiyanasiyana: Imapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa za wodwala.
• Moyo Wawo Wawongoleredwa: Amathandiza odwala kuthana ndi angina yosatha, zomwe zimathandiza kuti azigwira ntchito bwino tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwadzidzidzi: Zimathandiza kwambiri pamavuto monga matenda a mtima kapena matenda oopsa.

Zotsutsana za Nitroglycerin

Anthu ena ayenera kupewa nitroglycerin, kuphatikizapo:

• Amayi Oyembekezera kapena Oyamwitsa: Chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zingachitike kwa mwana wosabadwayo kapena khanda.
• Anemia Yambiri: Zingawonjezere kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa Intracranial Pressure: Monga ngati mutu wavulala kapena kutuluka magazi.
• Hypersensitivity: Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la ziwengo ku nitroglycerin kapena nitrates.

Kusamala ndi machenjezo

Musanagwiritse ntchito nitroglycerin, ganizirani njira zotsatirazi zodzitetezera:

• Mbiri Yachipatala: Uzani dokotala wanu za mbiri iliyonse ya matenda a mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena matenda a chiwindi.
• Kuyang'anira Nthawi Zonse: Kuthamanga kwa magazi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse, makamaka panthawi yoyamba kulandira chithandizo.
• Pewani Kusiya Mwadzidzidzi: Kusiya nitroglycerin mwadzidzidzi kungayambitse matenda a angina.

Ibibazo

• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ndaphonya mlingo wa nitroglycerin? Ngati mwaphonya mlingo, imwani mwamsanga mukakumbukira. Ngati yatsala pang'ono kuti mutenge mlingo wotsatira, dumphani mlingo womwe mwaphonya ndikupitiriza ndi ndondomeko yanu yanthawi zonse. Osawirikiza kawiri.
• Kodi ndingatenge nitroglycerin chifukwa cha mutu? Nitroglycerin siilimbikitsidwa pa mutu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa angina ndi matenda okhudzana ndi mtima.
• Kodi nitroglycerin ndi yotetezeka panthawi ya mimba? Nitroglycerin iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya mimba pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni upangiri.
• Kodi ndiyenera kusunga bwanji nitroglycerin? Sungani nitroglycerin kutentha kwa chipinda, kutali ndi chinyezi ndi kutentha. Isungeni mu chidebe chake choyambirira, chotsekedwa bwino.
• Kodi ndingathe kumwa mowa ndikumwa nitroglycerin? Ndikoyenera kuchepetsa kapena kupewa kumwa mowa, chifukwa kungapangitse kuti pakhale mavuto monga chizungulire komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Nanga bwanji ngati mutu wanga ukuyamba kupweteka nditamwa nitroglycerin? Mutu ndi zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. Ngati zili zovuta kapena zosatha, funsani dokotala wanu.
• Kodi nitroglycerin ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ululu wa pachifuwa osati wokhudzana ndi angina? Nitroglycerin ndi mankhwala a angina makamaka. Ngati muli ndi ululu pachifuwa chifukwa cha zifukwa zina, pitani kuchipatala.
• Kodi nitroglycerin imagwira ntchito mofulumira bwanji? Nitroglycerin yogwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi imodzi kapena zitatu kuti ichepetse zizindikiro za angina.
• Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito nitroglycerin ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kwatsika? Ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kotsika, kambiranani ndi dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito nitroglycerin, chifukwa imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kwambiri.
• Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito nitroglycerin kwa nthawi yayitali n'kotetezeka? Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotetezeka pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, koma kulekerera kungayambe. Kuyendera dokotala nthawi zonse ndikofunikira.

Mayina A Brand

Mayina ena akuluakulu a nitroglycerin ndi awa:

• Nitrostat (mapiritsi a sublingual)
• Nitrolingual (kupopera kwa sublingual)
• Transderm-Nitro (chigamba cha transdermal)
• Mafuta a Nitroglycerin (mitundu yosiyanasiyana)

Kutsiliza

Nitroglycerin ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri pochiza angina ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi mtima. Kuthekera kwake kuchepetsa ululu pachifuwa mwachangu ndikuwonjezera kuyenda kwa magazi kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chofunikira kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha mtima. Komabe, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito motsogozedwa ndi dokotala, poganizira zotsatirapo zake komanso momwe angagwirizanire ndi mankhwala. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni upangiri ndi njira zina zochiritsira.