Encephalitis - Mitundu, Zoyambitsa, Zizindikiro, Zowopsa, Zovuta, Matenda, Chithandizo ndi Kapewedwe

Kodi Encephalitis ndi chiyani?

Encephalitis ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kutupa kwa minofu ya muubongo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha ma virus. Ngakhale zingayambe ndi zizindikiro zochepa za chimfine, zina zimatha kupita patsogolo mofulumira mpaka kuzinthu zoopsa kwambiri monga chisokonezo, kukomoka, kuvutika kuyenda, ndi kusintha kwa umunthu kapena chidziwitso. Ngati sichitsatiridwa, encephalitis yoopsa imatha kuyika moyo pachiwopsezo.

Ma virus osiyanasiyana amatha kuyambitsa encephalitis, kuphatikizapo herpes simplex virus (HSV), ma virus ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu, ma virus opangidwa ndi nkhupakupa, virus ya chiwewe, enteroviruses, ndi ma virus omwe amayambitsa mumps, rubella, ndi nkhuku. Nthawi zina, encephalitis imathanso kuyambitsa matenda a bakiteriya kapena zochita za autoimmune.

Ngakhale kuti ndi osowa, encephalitis imafuna kuunika kwanthawi yake komanso kuchitapo kanthu. Kuchira ndi kotheka, makamaka ndi chithandizo choyambirira, koma anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zokhalitsa zaubongo. Omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, okalamba, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka.

Mitundu ya encephalitis

Encephalitis matenda ali amitundu iwiri:

1. Choyamba encephalitis - Mu encephalitis yoyamba, mabakiteriya kapena ma virus amakhudza mwachindunji ubongo. Itha kukhalabe pamalo amodzi kapena kufalikira ku minofu yapafupi. Nthawi zina, encephalitis yoyamba imayamba chifukwa cha kuyambiranso kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda am'mbuyomu.
2. Secondary encephalitis - Encephalitis yachiwiri nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chitetezo chamthupi. Pano maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi, m'malo mowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amaukira maselo athanzi a ubongo. Mtundu uwu wa kutupa muubongo nthawi zambiri umayamba patatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu mutatenga matenda oyamba.

Zizindikiro za Encephalitis

Zizindikiro za encephalitis zimatha kukhala zofatsa mpaka zowopsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine. Mkhalidwewu ukhoza kuwonjezereka mofulumira, makamaka kwa ana, okalamba, kapena anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowononga chitetezo cha mthupi.

Zizindikiro Zochepa (Zizindikiro Zoyamba)

• mutu
• malungo
• kutopa kapena kufooka kwathunthu
• Kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa

Zizindikiro Zowopsa (Zimafunika Chidziwitso Chachipatala Mwamsanga)

• Kugonjetsa
• Kusokonezeka, delirium, kapena kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• Kusokonezeka kapena kusintha kwa umunthu
• ziwalo m'zigawo za nkhope kapena thupi
• Kufooka kwa minofu kapena kuuma
• Kuvuta kuyankhula kapena kumvetsetsa mawu
• Kuvutika kumva
• Kuwona kawiri kapena kusawona bwino
• Kununkhira kosinthika (mwachitsanzo, fungo loyipa kapena loyaka)
• Kutaya chidziwitso kapena chikomokere

Zizindikiro za Encephalitis mwa Makanda ndi Ana Aang'ono

• Bulging fontanelle (malo ofewa pamutu wa mwana)
• Kulira kosalekeza kapena mokweza
• Mseru ndi kusanza
• Kuuma kwa thupi kapena kusasinthasintha
• Kukwiya kapena kukangana kwachilendo

Nthawi Yoyenera Kuonana ndi Dotolo

Funafunani chithandizo chamsanga ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mukukumana ndi izi:

• Mutu waukulu
• Kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi kapena kusintha kwa malingaliro
• Kugonjetsa
• Kutaya chidziwitso
• Zizindikiro za encephalitis mwa makanda (makamaka bulging fontanelle kapena kusadya bwino)

Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo cha encephalitis ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa minyewa kosatha kapena zovuta zomwe zingawononge moyo.

kuitana 1860-500-1066 kusungitsa nthawi.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa encephalitis?

Chifukwa chenicheni cha encephalitis sichidziwika kwa madokotala nthawi zambiri. Komabe, matenda a virus ndi omwe amayambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zina, matenda a bakiteriya ndi matenda osapatsirana otupa amathanso kuyambitsa encephalitis.

Matenda a virus omwe amayambitsa encephalitis

• Herpes simplex virus (HSV): HSV mtundu 1 ndi HSV mtundu 2 zingayambitse encephalitis. Mu HSV mtundu 1 wokhudzana ndi encephalitis, odwala amatha kuwonongeka muubongo kapena kufa. Komabe, zochitika za matendawa ndizosowa.
• Ma virus ena a herpes: Encephalitis Zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr (chogwirizana ndi matenda a mononucleosis) ndi varicella-zoster virus virus (yokhudzana ndi nkhuku ndi shingles).
• Matenda a Enterovirus: Nthawi zina, odwala encephalitis pambuyo poliovirus ndi coxsackievirus matenda.
• Ma virus ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu: Pali mwayi wa encephalitis pambuyo pa matenda opatsirana ndi udzudzu monga West Nile ndi La Crosse.
• Amayi kachilombo: Ngati agalu omwe ali ndi kachilombo (onyamula kachilombo ka chiwewe) akulumani, mutha kukhala ndi encephalitis.
• Matenda a ana: Ana ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chodwala encephalitis pambuyo pa mumps, chikuku (rubeola), kapena German chikuku matenda (rubella).

Ndi zoopsa ziti zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi encephalitis?

Magulu ena a anthu ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda matenda a encephalitis. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Age: Makanda ang'onoang'ono, ana, ndi akuluakulu amagwera m'gulu loopsya encephalitis.
• Chitetezo cha mthupi chofooka: Odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chosokoneza (monga AIDS odwala) kapena kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi pazinthu zina ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala encephalitis.
• Dera la Geographical: Anthu okhala m'madera omwe kumapezeka udzudzu kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhupakupa amatha kutenga kachilomboka. encephalitis.
• Kusintha kwanyengo: Chiwopsezo cha encephalitis zitha kuchuluka m'chilimwe chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma virus omwe amafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa.

Kodi encephalitis ingayambitse zovuta?

Encephalitis Zingayambitse zovuta ngati muli ndi zaka zosatetezeka, muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, kapena osapita kuchipatala. Zovuta zomwe zimafala ndi:

• Kutupa kwa minyewa yaubongo, kumabweretsa kukomoka kapena kufa
• ziwalo
• Mavuto a kukumbukira
• Kutopa kosalekeza
• Mavuto ndi mgwirizano wa minofu
• Kusawona ndi kumva
• Zovuta pakulankhula

Kuzindikira kwa Encephalitis

Mayeso a diagnostic amakhala ndi izi:

• Kujambula Kwaubongo: Nthawi zambiri amayesa koyamba ngati zizindikiro zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa encephalitis. Zithunzizi zitha kuwulula kutupa kwa ubongo kapena vuto lina lililonse lomwe lingakhale lomwe limayambitsa zizindikiro, monga chotupa. Ukadaulo ungaphatikizepo Kujambula kwa Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), komwe kumatha kutulutsa zithunzi za ubongo za 3-D, kapena Computerized Tomography (CT) scan.
• Kupopa kwa Msana (Kubowola kwa Lumbar): Pampopi ya msana, dokotala amalowetsa singano kumunsi kumbuyo kuti atenge cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), madzi otetezera omwe amazungulira ubongo ndi msana. Kusintha kulikonse kwamadzimadzi kumatanthawuza matenda ndi kutupa mu ubongo.
• Mayeso Ena a Labu: Zitsanzo za magazi kapena mkodzo kapena zotuluka kuchokera kumbuyo kwa mmero zimatha kuyesedwa ngati ma virus kapena matenda ena opatsirana.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG): Dokotala akhoza kuyitanitsa EEG, kuyesa komwe ma electrode amatsatiridwa pamutu. EEG imalemba kayendedwe ka magetsi muubongo ndipo vuto lililonse lomwe limagwirizana ndi matendawa limalembedwa.
• Brain biopsy: Kawirikawiri, njira yochotsamo tinthu tating'ono ta muubongo imachitika ngati zizindikiro zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo machiritso alibe mphamvu.

Chithandizo cha Encephalitis

Chithandizo chaochepa, chomwe chingakhale cholakwika ngati chimfine, chimakhala ndi:

• Kupumula kwathunthu kwa bedi
• Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa monga Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen ndi Naproxen Sodium kuti achepetse mutu ndi kutentha.

Chithandizo Chothandizira

Chisamaliro chowonjezera chothandizira chikufunikanso kuchipatala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la encephalitis. Chisamaliro chitha kukhala:

• Thandizo la kupuma, kuyang'anitsitsa kupuma nthawi zonse ndi kugunda kwa mtima
• Mtsempha wamadzimadzi kuti mutsimikizire kuti madzi akukwanira
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa, monga corticosteroids, kuti muchepetse kutupa ndi kupanikizika mkati mwa chigaza.
• Anticonvulsant mankhwala, monga phenytoin, kuteteza khunyu

Chithandizo Chotsatira

Pambuyo pa matenda oyamba, pangafunike kupatsidwa chithandizo chowonjezera malinga ndi kuopsa kwake. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo:

• Kuchiza thupi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi kuyenda
• Thandizo lantchito kukulitsa luso la tsiku ndi tsiku
• Mankhwala othandizira kuti aphunzirenso kulamulira minofu ndi kukonzanso kulankhula
• Psychotherapy kupeza chidziwitso cha njira zopulumutsira ndi maluso atsopano amakhalidwe

Njira Zopewera Zolimbana ndi Encephalitis

Ngakhale kuti matenda a encephalitis sangapeweke nthawi zonse, kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kungachepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa. Umu ndi momwe:

1. Khalani ndi Ukhondo Wabwino

• Sambani m’manja pafupipafupi ndi sopo—makamaka musanadye komanso mukamaliza kuchapa.
• Limbikitsani ana kutsatira ukhondo kunyumba ndi kunja.

2. Pewani Kugawana Zinthu Zaumwini

• Osagawana matawulo, zisa, ziwiya, zovala, kapena zinthu zina zaumwini zomwe zitha kunyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

3. Khalani Pakali pano pa Katemera

• Tsatirani ndondomeko ya katemera yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala.
• Onetsetsani kuti inu ndi ana anu mwalandira katemera ku matenda omwe amadziwika kuti amayambitsa encephalitis (monga Japan encephalitis, chikuku, mumps, rubella, etc.).
• Ngati mukukonzekera kupita kumayiko ena, funsani achipatala kuti akupatseni katemera wokhudzana ndi maulendo.

4. Dzitetezeni ku Kulumidwa ndi Udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa

Ma virus ena omwe amayambitsa encephalitis (mwachitsanzo, encephalitis yaku Japan, kachilombo ka West Nile) amafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo monga udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa. Tsatirani njira izi:

a. Valani Zovala Zodziteteza

• Gwiritsirani ntchito malaya a manja aatali, mathalauza aatali, ndi nsapato zotsekeka—makamaka m’bandakucha ndi madzulo pamene udzudzu uli wochuluka.

b. Gwiritsani Ntchito Zoletsa Udzudzu

• Pakani mankhwala oteteza tizilombo pakhungu ndi zovala zomwe zili poyera.
• Pewani kupopera mankhwala kumaso—pakani m’manja mwanu kaye, kenaka pukutani mofatsa kumaso.

c. Kuletsa Kuswana kwa Udzudzu

• Chotsani madzi osayima m'miphika yamaluwa, zoziziritsa kukhosi, matayala akale, ndowa, ndi zotengera zina kuti muchepetse kuswana kwa udzudzu.

d. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo

• Uza mankhwala otetezeka, opangidwa ndi permethrin m'nyumba ndi pansalu zakunja (monga ma neti oteteza udzudzu, zovala, ndi zina zotero).
• Musalole kukhudza khungu mwachindunji ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Kutsiliza

Tsatirani malangizo onse oteteza kuti mupewe izi. Komabe, ngati muwona zizindikiro zilizonse zochenjeza, musanyalanyaze. Fufuzani chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga kuti mudziwe msanga ndi kuyamba mwamsanga ndondomeko ya chithandizo.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi (FAQs)

1. Kodi madokotala amapeza bwanji matenda a encephalitis?

Nthawi zonse akakayikira encephalitis , madokotala poyamba amayesa thupi ndi kutenga mbiri yachipatala. Kenako amalembera MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kapena CT (computed tomography) zithunzi, msana wa msana (lumbar puncture), ndi EEG (electroencephalogram) kuti mupeze chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha matenda anu ndikufika pa matenda olondola. Nthawi zina, liti encephalitis Zizindikiro zimakulirakulira ngakhale mutayamba kulandira chithandizo, madokotala angauzenso ubongo biopsy.

2. Kodi chithandizo chothandizira kwa odwala omwe ali m'chipatala cha encephalitis ndi chiyani?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zoopsa encephalitis, madokotala akhoza kulangiza kuchipatala mwamsanga. Zikatero, odwala angafunikire chithandizo chothandizira, kuphatikizapo kupuma, kulowetsedwa m'mitsempha, mankhwala oletsa kukomoka. kupewa kukomoka, ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa kuti achepetse kutupa. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuti achire msanga.

3. Ndi malangizo otani otetezera ana ku matenda a encephalitis?

Mukhoza kuteteza ana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono encephalitis mwa kuwathandiza kupaka mankhwala othamangitsira udzudzu, kuvala matupi awo ndi zovala zodzitetezera, kupeŵa kutuluka panja m’bandakucha ndi madzulo, ndi kusamba m’manja ndi sopo ndi madzi nthaŵi zonse akatuluka m’malo akunja ndi pambuyo popita kuchimbudzi.

4. Kodi encephalitis ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Nthawi zambiri, encephalitis-makamaka ma virus ocheperako-amatha kuchiritsidwa kotheratu pozindikira komanso kulandira chithandizo munthawi yake. Komabe, odwala ena amatha kukhala ndi zovuta zanthawi yayitali monga kukumbukira kukumbukira kapena kuyenda, makamaka ngati chithandizo chachedwa.

5. Kodi encephalitis imapatsirana?

Encephalitis yokha si yopatsirana, koma mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa (monga kachilombo ka herpes, enteroviruses, kapena mavairasi ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu) amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kapena kupyolera mu kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.

6. Kodi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za encephalitis ndi zotani?

Anthu ena amatha kukumana ndi zovuta za minyewa monga kukumbukira kukumbukira, vuto la kulankhula, kutopa, kusintha kwa umunthu, kapena kusagwirizana. Mankhwala ochizira matenda angathandize kuthana ndi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali.

7. Kodi ndani amene ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chodwala matenda a encephalitis?

Ana ochepera zaka 5, okalamba, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Omwe akukhala kapena kupita kumadera komwe kuli ma virus oyambitsidwa ndi udzudzu kapena nkhupakupa ali pachiwopsezo.

8. Kodi kuchira kwa encephalitis kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Nthawi yochira imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso momwe chithandizo chimayambira mofulumira. Matenda ocheperako amatha kuchira pakatha milungu ingapo, pomwe milandu yowopsa imatha kutenga miyezi ingapo ndipo imafuna kukonzanso kwanthawi yayitali.

9. Kodi autoimmune encephalitis ndi chiyani?

Autoimmune encephalitis imachitika pamene chitetezo chamthupi chimaukira molakwika minofu yathanzi yaubongo. Sichifala kwambiri kuposa kachilombo ka encephalitis ndipo nthawi zambiri amafuna chithandizo ndi mankhwala oletsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

kuitana 1860-500-1066 kusungitsa nthawi.