Ulubino: Mitundu, Zoyambitsa, Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo

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Munthu akhoza kunena kuti munthu ali ndi Chialubino ngati khungu, tsitsi, kapena maso ake ndi opepuka kuposa achibale awo kapena mafuko. 

Tsambali likufotokoza mbali zosiyanasiyana za Ualubino, mitundu yake, zomwe zimayambitsa, komanso njira zochizira.

Kodi Albinism ndi chiyani?

Chialubino ndi gulu la matenda otengera kwa makolo kumene kupangika pang'ono kapena kusapanganso pigment melanin. Zimenezi zimasintha maonekedwe a khungu, tsitsi, kapena maso a munthuyo. Kusintha kwa mtundu kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa jini komwe kumatulutsa melanin, mankhwala omwe amawongolera mtundu wa anthu. Kuchuluka kwa melanin, khungu limakhala lakuda. 

Anthu omwe ali ndi maalubino amakhala ndi melanin yochepa kwambiri m'matupi mwawo ndipo amakhala ndi khungu, tsitsi, ndi maso. Anthu omwe ali ndi maalubino amatha kupsa ndi dzuwa komanso kudwala khansa yapakhungu. 

Palinso nkhani zokhudzana ndi masomphenya zomwe munthu wa Albino angakumane nazo.

Kodi ma Albinism ndi ati?

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwonongeka kwa majini kumabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma Albinism, monga: 

Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA)

OCA imakhudza khungu, tsitsi, ndi maso. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 1 mwa anthu 70 adzakhala ndi mutated OCA jini. Zina mwa subtypes za OCA ndi:

OCA1

Albinism OCA1 imakhudza kupanga melanin pakhungu, tsitsi, ndi maso. Zimapangitsa anthu kukhala ndi khungu loyera, tsitsi loyera, ndi maso opepuka chifukwa chosowa pigment. 

OCA1a ndi OCA1b ndi mitundu ya OCA1. Mtundu wa OCA1a umasonyeza kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa melanin. Anthu omwe ali ndi subtype iyi amakhala ndi tsitsi loyera, khungu lotuwa komanso maso owala. Mtundu wa albinism wa OCA1b umakhalabe ndi melanin, zomwe zimapangitsa khungu, tsitsi, ndi maso opepuka. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wakuda pamene munthuyo akukalamba. 

OCA2

OCA2 ndi yofala kwa mbadwa za ku Africa ndi Amwenye Achimereka. Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa Albinism amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wochepa wa khungu ndi tsitsi ndipo izi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa OCA1. Anthu omwe ali ndi OCA2 amabadwa ndi tsitsi lomwe lingakhale lachikasu, lofiirira, kapena lofiirira.

OCA3

Mtundu wa OCA3 umakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda, makamaka anthu akumwera kwa Africa. Anthu omwe ali ndi OCA3 akhoza kukhala ndi khungu lofiira-bulauni, tsitsi, ndi maso a hazel kapena bulauni.

OCA4

Mtundu wa OCA4 umapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu a ku East Asia. Monga OCA2, kupanga melanin kumakhala kochepa, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimakhala zofanana ndi OCA2. 

Albinism ya Ocular

Zimangokhudza maso osati khungu kapena tsitsi. Zimapangitsa kuti retina ndi iris ya anthu okhudzidwawo ikhale yotuwa. Chialubino chimenechi chimabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa X chromosome ya jini ndipo amapezeka pafupifupi mwa amuna okha.

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome

Malipoti akusonyeza kuti mtundu umenewu wafala kwambiri m’chigawo cha Puerto Rico. Matenda a Hermansky-Pudlak ndi Alubino osowa kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha vuto limodzi mwa majini 10 ndipo amatulutsa zizindikiro zofanana kwambiri ndi za OCA. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi zovuta zakuthupi monga mapapu, matumbo, komanso kutulutsa magazi.

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Ndi mtundu wina wosowa wa Albinism womwe umawonetsa zizindikiro zofanana ndi OCA. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a Chediak-Higashi sangakhudzidwe m'madera onse a khungu. Khungu likhoza kukhala loyera mpaka imvi, pamene tsitsi likhoza kukhala lofiirira kapena lofiirira ndi sheen wa silvery. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi chilema pakuwerengera magazi awo oyera zomwe zimawayika pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda osiyanasiyana.

Griscelli syndrome

Matenda a Griscelli ndi mtundu wa Albinism womwe ndi wosowa kwambiri chifukwa cha chilema mu umodzi mwa majini atatu. Zimapezeka ndi alubino komanso zimayambitsa matenda a chitetezo chamthupi komanso minyewa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a Griscelli amatha kufa m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za moyo, ndipo sizimanenedwa kawirikawiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Zizindikiro za Albino ndi zotani?

Anthu omwe ali ndi alubino akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Khungu, tsitsi, kapena maso
• Khungu, tsitsi, kapena maso amapepuka mosadziwika bwino
• Zigamba za pakhungu zimakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka kuposa ziwalo zina zathupi.
• Albino yemwe ali ndi vuto la maso amawonetsa zizindikiro monga
• Maso opingasa
• Photophobia, kapena kumva kuwala
• Kusuntha kwa maso mosasamala
• Kusawona bwino kapena khungu

Kodi Chialubino Chimayambitsa Chiyani?

Ulubino ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Pali mwayi waukulu wotengera Ualubino ngati makolo onse ali ndi Albinism kapena ngati jini ilipo mwa makolo onsewo.

Jini yomwe imatulutsa melanin ikasokonekera, imayambitsa Chialubino. Melanin ndi mtundu wa pigment womwe umapanga khungu, maso, ndi tsitsi. Kuwonongeka kwa jini kungayambitse kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kwa kupanga ndi kugawa kwa melanin kapena kuchepetsa kupanga melanin.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi Albino amatengera matendawa kuchokera kwa makolo awo, omwe amangotengera jini ndipo alibe zizindikiro za matendawa.

Nthawi yokaonana ndi dokotala?

Anthu omwe ali ndi alubino amatha kukhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku osachita zinthu zambiri zapanja. Koma ngati kusapeza bwino kwakuthupi kusokoneza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, wothandizira zaumoyo ayenera kulumikizidwa.

Pemphani nthawi yokumana ku Apollo Hospitals

Kodi Alubino amapezeka bwanji?

Kuzindikira kolondola kumaphatikizapo kuyesa kwa majini kuti azindikire ma gene osinthika okhudzana ndi Ualubino.

Albinism yokhudzana ndi masomphenya imathanso kuyesedwa ndi electroretinogram test. Mayesowa amazindikira kuyankha kwa ma cell osamva kuwala mu retina kuti adziwe zovuta zamaso zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi Albinism.

Kodi pali mankhwala a Albino?

Palibe mankhwala athunthu a Chialubino. Mankhwalawa angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa pakhungu. Ena angagwiritse ntchito:

● Magalasi, zovala zodzitchinjiriza, ndi zoteteza ku dzuwa zoteteza maso ndi khungu ku kuwala kwa dzuwa

● Muzivala zipewa mukakhala padzuwa

● Opaleshoni ya minyewa ya maso kuti maso ayende bwino 

● Magalasi a m’maso amene amatha kukonza vuto la kuona

Kodi malingaliro a nthawi yayitali ndi otani?

Ualubino sukhudza moyo wa munthu. Komabe, mitundu ingapo ya Ualubino, monga matenda a Chediak-Higashi, matenda a Hermansky-Pudlak ndi matenda a Griscelli, amatero. Ndi chifukwa cha zovuta zaumoyo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma syndromes. Ma syndromes onsewa ndi osowa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi Albino angafunike kuchepetsa ntchito zawo zapanja chifukwa maso ndi khungu lawo zimakhudzidwa ndi dzuwa. Kuwala kwa ultraviolet kuchokera ku dzuwa kungayambitse khansa ya pakhungu ndi kuchepa kwa maso mwa ochepa omwe ali ndi Albinism.

Kutsiliza

Ualubino ndi matenda osowa kwambiri m'maganizo, m'maganizo, ndi m'thupi la anthu ndi mabanja awo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo chofunikira kuchokera kwa akatswiri azachipatala kuti athane ndi vutoli. 

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi Ulubino umafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa wina?

Ayi. Ulubino ndi matenda obadwa nawo ndipo si opatsirana.

Kodi ndizotheka kupewa Chialubino?

Ulubino umachokera kwa makolo. Akatswiri amanena kuti ngati m’banja mwanu muli Alubino, kukaonana ndi mlangizi wa zachibadwa kungathandize kupeza njira zodziwira matenda.

Kodi Chialubino Chimapha?

Nthawi zambiri, Ulubino si wakupha. Koma ma syndromes monga Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome ndi Chediak-Higashi syndrome akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa.