Inkqubo yeNervous: Yintoni, Iintlobo, Iimpawu, Umsebenzi kunye neziphazamiso

isishwankathelo

Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni woku. Imall edumileyo isebenza ngaphandle komthungo imini yonke, yonke imihla, kunye neveki. Kuyenzeka ngenxa yokuba iziko lomyalelo lisebenza ngokungadinwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inkalo ye-mall isebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ngokufanayo, emzimbeni womntu, inkqubo ye-nervous liziko lomyalelo womzimba. 

Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ikhokela phantse kuyo yonke into esiyenzayo, kuquka into esiyicingayo, esiyithethayo okanye esivakalelwa ngayo. Ikwalawula iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ngengcinga, inkumbulo kunye nentshukumo Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo iphinda idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto ezenziwa ngumzimba wethu ngaphandle kokucinga, njengokuqhwanyaza, ukuqhwanyaza nokuphefumla. 

Imiba ethile, njengezifo, ngxakini, i-toxins, kunye neenkqubo zokuguga, kubangela ingozi kwinkqubo ye-nervous.

Iblogi ichaza inkqubo ye-nervous, iintlobo zayo, isakhiwo, iimpawu, imisebenzi, kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous. 

Yintoni inkqubo yemithambo-luvo?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambilana, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo liziko lokulawula lomzimba elinceda umntu kubuchule bokuqonda, intetho neemvakalelo. Ikwalawula iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ngeentshukumo, iingcinga, kunye nenkumbulo.

Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntu iquka ingqondo, intambo yomqolo kwakunye nemithambo-luvo ephumela kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengamadlala, amalungu kunye nezihlunu. Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zemithambo-luvo ziqokelela ulwazi kokusingqongileyo, zitolika ulwazi, kwaye ziququzelele impendulo. Ngaloo ndlela, ichaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu, ezifana nezi zilandelayo:

• Amandla okuqonda, njengeengcinga, inkumbulo, ukufunda kunye neemvakalelo
• Ulawulo lokunyakaza, kubandakanywa ukulinganisela kunye nokulungelelaniswa
• Izivamvo, ezifana nendlela ubuchopho obusabela ngayo xa ubona, incasa, ukubamba, imvakalelo nesandi 
• Ukuguga, ukulala, kunye nokuphiliswa
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo, iipatheni zokuphefumla, kunye nokuphendula kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo
• Ukwetyisa, indlala, nokunxanwa
• Iinkqubo zomzimba, kuquka ukufikisa

Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo isebenzisa iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezaziwa ngokuba zii-neurons ukuthumela imiqondiso okanye imiyalezo, kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. 

• Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-neurons zithumela imiqondiso eyahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, imithambo-luvo ithumela imiqondiso kwizihlunu ukuba ihambe, ngoxa imithambo-luvo ithatha inkcazelo kwizivamvo ize ithumele imiqondiso engqondweni. Ezinye iintlobo zemithambo-luvo zilawula izinto ezenziwa ngumzimba ngokuzenzekelayo, njengokungcangcazela, ukubetha kwentliziyo rhoqo, ukuphefumla kunye nokwetyisa ukutya. Nganye kwezi neurons ikhuselwe kwaye igqunywe ngumaleko owaziwa ngokuba yi-myelin. Ngaloo ndlela, ukunceda imithambo-luvo ukuhambisa imiyalezo. 

Ngawaphi amacandelo enkqubo yemithambo-luvo?

Inkqubo ye-nervous ineendawo ezimbini eziphambili. Nganye kula malungu aneebhiliyoni zeeseli zemithambo-luvo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-neurons. Ezi seli zidlulisela imiqondiso kumalungu omzimba ahlukeneyo zize zinike umqondiso ngamnye ukuba aphendule aze enze ngendlela ethile. Amalungu aphambili enkqubo ye-nervous zezi zilandelayo:

• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi: Umnqonqo kunye nengqondo yenza inkqubo ye-nervous central. Ingqondo isebenzisa imithambo-luvo ukuthumela imiqondiso kumalungu omzimba aseleyo. 
• Inkqubo ye-peripheral nervous iqulethe imithambo-luvo ephuma kumbindi wemithambo-luvo ukuya kuwo wonke umzimba. Le nkqubo intsonkothileyo ithumela ulwazi oluvela kwingqondo kunye nentambo yomgogodla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kubandakanywa amalungu, iingalo, imilenze, iminwe kunye neenzwane. Inkqubo ye-nervous somatic kunye ne-autonomic nervous systems zizintlu ezingaphantsi ze-peripheral nervous system. Inkqubo ye-nervous somatic inceda kwiintshukumo zokuzithandela, ngelixa inkqubo ye-nervous autonomic ilawula izenzo zomntu, kuquka ukuphefumla okwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. 

Yeyiphi imisebenzi ye-nervous system? 

Inkqubo ye-nervous inemisebenzi emininzi. Iibhiliyoni zeeneurons zisebenza ukuhambisa imiqondiso kunye nemiyalezo kuwo wonke umzimba. Amalungu ezivamvo, njengamehlo, iindlebe, ulwimi, iimpumlo namanye amalungu omzimba, aqonda inkcazelo evela macala onke aze ayithumele ebuchotsheni.

I-neuron nganye inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. I-Motor neurons inoxanduva lokunyakaza kwemisipha, ngelixa i-sensory neurons idlulisela ulwazi oluvela kumalungu oluvo kwaye luthumele kwingqondo. Eminye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngumzimba ngokuzenzekelayo, njengokuphefumla, ukungcangcazela, ukubetha kwentliziyo rhoqo, kunye nokwetyisa ukutya, ilawulwa yi-autonom nervous system. 

Imisebenzi ephambili yenkqubo ye-nervous:

• Ukufumana kunye nokubona iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya incasa, ivumba, umbono kunye nezandi
• Ukudibanisa ulwazi lweemvakalelo olusuka kumalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba kunye nokusebenza okufanayo
• Ukuvelisa iimpendulo kulwazi lweemvakalelo, ezifana nokubamba, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, intlungu, kunye nokungcangcazela

Nje ukuba i-motor neurons ifumane imiyalezo evela kwingqondo kunye nentambo yomgogodla, ngokukhawuleza ibonisa izenzo ezifanelekileyo, ezifana nokunciphisa kunye nokuphumla. Ukongezelela, amadlala amaninzi akhupha i-enzymes kunye namahomoni ngenxa yomyalezo ofunyenwe kwinkqubo ye-nervous. Inkqubo ye-nervous autonomic ilawula ukunyakaza okuzenzekelayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu ubona inja ekude, umqondiso owenziwe ngokubona uthumela umyalezo engqondweni. Nje ukuba ulwazi luqwalaselwe, ingqondo inika umqondiso izihlunu nomzimba ukuba zishukume kwaye ixelela umzimba ukuba ubile kwaye wonyuse ukubetha kwentliziyo. 

Ziziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous?

Iimeko ezininzi kunye nokuphazamiseka kunokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous. Ezinye zazo zibangelwa kukwenzakala okanye ufuzo. Kwezinye iimeko, imithambo-luvo iyonakala, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphazamisekeni ekuthumeleni nasekufumaneni imiyalezo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukwenzakala kwemithambo-luvo kunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuba ndindisholo, iintlungu, kunye nokuziva kwezikhonkwane kunye neenaliti. Ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo kunye neziphazamiso zezi zilandelayo: 

• Izifo: Usulelo oluninzi, umhlaza, kunye izifo, kubandakanya iswekile, lupus, kunye ne-rheumatoid isifo samathambo, kubangela imiba yenkqubo ye-nervous. Isifo seswekile sinokukhokelela kwi-neuropathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile, kunye nemeko yezempilo ebizwa isifo sokugubhuka ihlasela i-myelin kwinkqubo ye-nervous central.
• Stroke: Kwenzeka xa imithambo yegazi ivalekile okanye igqabhuke ngokungalindelekanga. Ngoko ke, ingqondo ayifumani gazi laneleyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni inxalenye ethile yobuchopho ibhubhe. I-stroke yenza umonakalo we-nerve onokuthi ube mncinci okanye ube nzima.
• I ngxaki: Ukwenzakala ngenxa yengozi kunokutyumza, zolule, okanye kusike imithambo-luvo okanye kwenzakalise ingqondo . Iingozi zemoto kunye nokuwa kukwenzakala okuqhelekileyo okunokuthi konakalise inkqubo yemithambo-luvo .
• Uxinzelelo: I-nerve ecinezelweyo okanye ecinezelweyo inokuphazamisa umsebenzi we-nerve. Izizathu zoxinzelelo okanye i-nerve pinched inokuba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ezifana nokugqithisa, i-tumor, okanye imiba yesakhiwo, njenge sciatica.
• Izinto ezinetyhefu: Izinto ezithile, ezifana chemotherapy amayeza, iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, utywala obugqithisileyo, nezinto ezinetyhefu, zibangela ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo. Izifo zesifo Izigulana zisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana umonakalo wemithambo-luvo njengoko izintso zabo zingakwazi ukuhluza ngokufanelekileyo i-toxins. 
• Inkqubo yokuguga: Imithambo-luvo isenokucotha njengoko umntu ekhula. Ngoko ke, umntu unokuziva ebuthathaka, kwaye ingqondo inokunciphisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ilahlekelwe yimvakalelo kwiminwe yakhe, iinzwane kunye namanye amalungu omzimba. 

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-nervous kunye neemeko?

Umntu ngamnye unokufumana iimpawu ngokwahlukileyo. Ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-nervous kunye neemeko: 

1. Ukuqala rhoqo nangesiquphe a intloko
2. Intloko evakala ngenye indlela
3. Ukurhawuzelela kunye nokulahlekelwa yimvakalelo
4. Ukulahlekelwa kunye nobuthathaka kumandla omzimba
5. Ukulahleka kombono okanye ukubona kabini
6. Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo
7. Ukwehla kwengqondo
8. Ukungabikho kolungelelaniso
9. Ukungcangcazela kunye ukuxhamla
10. Umqolo oqaqamba ezinyaweni, ezinzwaneni, okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba
11. Ukumosha izihlunu kunye nentetho engacacanga
12. Ukuphazamiseka kwintetho kunye nokuqonda
13. Ukutshintsha kwendlela yokuziphatha 

Ezi mpawu zingasentla zinokufana nezinye iimeko zonyango okanye imiba. 

Xa ufuna uncedo lwezonyango?

Ukuba umntu ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo, kuquka ukulahlekelwa kolungelelwaniso okanye ubuthathaka obunzima bezihlunu, funa unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kwakhona, umntu kufuneka aqhagamshelane nomboneleli wakhe wezempilo ngokukhawuleza okanye aye esibhedlele ukuba ufumana oku kulandelayo:

1. Imiba kumbono
2. Iintloko ezinzulu
3. Intetho edibeneyo
4. Ukuziva ndindisholo, ukuntlitheka, okanye ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni
5. Ukungcangcazela rhoqo okanye tics
6. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha
7. Ukulahleka kokulungelelaniswa okanye ukuhamba kwemisipha

Incwadi Ukutyunjwa

isiphelo

Inkqubo ye-nervous liziko lomyalelo kuwo wonke umzimba ofuna ukunakekelwa ukuze ugcine usebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Gwema iziyobisi, udle ukutya okunempilo, usele utywala ngokumodareyitha kwaye udibane nogqirha wakho rhoqo. Ukulawula iimeko, njengesifo seswekile esinokwenzakalisa imithambo-luvo, yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo.