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The Department of Urology at Apollo Hospitals, Gurugram, evaluates and treats conditions affecting the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, urethra and male reproductive system. These include kidney stones, prostate enlargement, urinary infections, incontinence, urological cancers, male infertility, sexual health concerns and congenital urinary conditions in children.
Care ranges from outpatient assessment and medication to endoscopic procedures, minimally invasive surgery, reconstructive surgery and treatment for urological cancers. The most appropriate approach depends on the diagnosis, imaging findings, kidney function, symptoms, other health conditions and the patient's preferences.
Urological problems can be connected to other health conditions. Recurrent stones may have a metabolic cause, erectile dysfunction can be associated with cardiovascular disease or diabetes, and repeated urinary infections may be linked to stones, obstruction or incomplete bladder emptying. Urologists coordinate care with nephrology, oncology, radiology, endocrinology, gynecology and other specialties when needed.
Our Urology Team
Urology care at Apollo Hospitals, Gurugram, is provided by consultant urologists with experience in stone disease and endourology, uro-oncology, reconstructive urology, andrology, male infertility, female urology and pediatric urology. The wider care team may include anesthesiologists, radiologists, oncologists, nephrologists, continence nurses and physiotherapists. Complex cancer, reconstruction and transplant cases are planned with the relevant specialists. Our specialists include:
- Urology
Urology
46+ years ,
MBBS, MS (Surgery), MCh (Urology), DNB (Surgery), DNB (Urology), FMGEMS (ECFMG, USA), MNAMS, FAMS
Urology
Uro Oncology & Robotic Surgery
Uro Oncology & Robotic Surgery
15+ years ,
MBBS, M.S. MAMC New Delhi, M.Ch Urology (AIIMS, New Delhi), FRCS UROLOGY ENGLAND, Fellowship Renal Oncology and Robotic Surgery Oxford University UK, Academic Visitor University of Oxford UK
- Stone Disease
- Prostate Conditions
- Urological Cancers
- Bladder and Voiding Problems
- Men's Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Reconstructive and Congenital Conditions
- Urological Emergencies
Stone Disease
- Kidney and ureter stones: Mineral deposits that form in the urinary tract. A stone entering the ureter may cause severe pain in the side or back that can travel toward the groin, often with nausea, vomiting or blood in the urine. Some small stones pass without a procedure, while others require treatment because of their size, position, persistent pain, obstruction or infection.
- Bladder stones: Stones that develop in the bladder, often when the bladder does not empty fully. Symptoms may include pain, interrupted urine flow, blood in the urine and repeated urinary infections.
Obstructed and infected kidney: A blocked urinary system with infection can cause fever, chills, pain and rapid deterioration. It is a medical emergency that may require intravenous antibiotics and urgent drainage with a ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube. - Recurrent stone disease: People who develop repeated stones may need stone analysis, blood tests and 24-hour urine testing to identify factors that can be addressed through fluid intake, diet or medication.
Prostate Conditions
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate that can cause a weak stream, difficulty starting urination, urgency, frequency, nighttime urination and a feeling that the bladder has not emptied. It does not turn into prostate cancer, although both conditions can occur in the same person.
- Acute urinary retention: A sudden inability to pass urine, often with painful bladder fullness. It requires prompt drainage and assessment of the underlying cause.
- Prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain: Acute bacterial prostatitis can cause fever, painful urination and pelvic discomfort and requires medical treatment. Chronic pelvic pain symptoms may occur without bacterial infection and are assessed and treated differently.
- Prostate cancer: Prostate cancer is often diagnosed before symptoms develop. Evaluation may include prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, testing, examination, MRI and biopsy. Treatment depends on the cancer's risk group and extent. Active surveillance is appropriate for some low-risk cancers, while others require surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal treatment or combined care.
Urological Cancers
- Bladder cancer: Visible blood in the urine, which may be painless or intermittent, is a common warning sign and should be assessed. Diagnosis usually involves imaging and cystoscopy, with tissue removed or sampled through the cystoscope when an abnormality is found.
- Kidney cancer: Kidney tumors are often found on imaging performed for another reason. Depending on the size, position and stage, treatment may involve active surveillance, ablation, partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy or systemic therapy.
- Testicular cancer: A painless lump, swelling or change in the size or firmness of a testicle should be examined promptly. Testicular cancer commonly affects younger men and is highly treatable, particularly when diagnosed early.
- Penile and upper urinary tract cancers: Penile cancer may present as a persistent growth, sore or skin change. Cancers arising in the lining of the kidney or ureter may cause blood in the urine and require imaging, endoscopic assessment or tissue sampling.
Bladder and Voiding Problems
- Overactive bladder: Urgency, increased daytime frequency and nighttime urination, sometimes with leakage before reaching the toilet. Treatment may include bladder training, pelvic floor therapy, medication and selected procedures.
- Urinary incontinence: Urine may leak during coughing or exercise, with a sudden urge, or because the bladder does not empty properly. Identifying the type and contributing factors helps guide treatment.
- Recurrent urinary tract infections: Repeated infections may be related to sexual activity, menopause, stones, obstruction, incomplete emptying, catheter use or other factors. Assessment and prevention are individualized, and antibiotics are chosen according to symptoms, urine culture results and clinical history when appropriate.
- Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: Changes in bladder storage or emptying caused by a neurological condition or spinal cord injury. Treatment aims to control symptoms, reduce infections and protect kidney function.
- Bladder pain syndrome: Persistent bladder-related pain, pressure or discomfort with urinary frequency or urgency when infection and other causes have been excluded. Treatment is tailored to symptoms and may involve behavioral measures, physiotherapy, medication or bladder procedures.
Men's Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Erectile dysfunction: Persistent difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection. Assessment considers cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes, medicines, hormone levels and psychological factors. Some erectile dysfunction medicines can interact dangerously with nitrate medicines used for chest pain.
- Male infertility: Difficulty conceiving related to sperm production, function or delivery. Evaluation commonly includes medical and reproductive history, examination and semen analysis. Both partners should be assessed because fertility may be affected by factors in either or both partners.
- Testosterone deficiency: Symptoms may include reduced sexual desire, erectile difficulty, loss of muscle strength, low energy or low mood. Diagnosis requires compatible symptoms and consistently low morning testosterone measurements before treatment is considered.
- Varicocele: Enlarged veins around a testicle that may cause discomfort or be associated with impaired fertility. Many varicoceles do not require treatment, and the decision depends on symptoms, examination and fertility findings.
- Peyronie's disease: Scar tissue within the penis that can cause curvature, shortening, pain or difficulty with intercourse. Treatment depends on the stage, severity and effect on sexual function.
- Phimosis and foreskin conditions: A tight or scarred foreskin may cause discomfort, difficulty with hygiene, painful erections or recurrent inflammation. Treatment can include topical medication or surgery, depending on the cause and severity.
Reconstructive and Congenital Conditions
- Urethral stricture: Narrowing of the urethra that can cause a weak or spraying stream, straining, incomplete emptying and recurrent infections. Treatment may involve dilation, endoscopic incision or urethroplasty, depending on the length, location and previous treatment.
- Pelviureteric junction obstruction: Narrowing where the kidney joins the ureter, which may cause pain, urinary infections, kidney swelling or impaired function. Observation or surgical repair may be considered according to symptoms and kidney drainage.
- Congenital urological conditions: Children may be assessed for undescended testes, hypospadias, vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis or obstruction of the urinary outlet. Treatment and timing depend on the condition, age, symptoms and risk to kidney or reproductive health.
Urological Emergencies
- Testicular torsion: Sudden severe pain and swelling in one testicle, often with nausea or vomiting. The spermatic cord may have twisted and interrupted the blood supply. Immediate emergency assessment is needed because the chance of saving the testicle falls as treatment is delayed.
- Urosepsis: A severe infection arising from the urinary tract that can cause fever or low temperature, chills, confusion, low blood pressure, rapid breathing or reduced urine output. It requires emergency hospital treatment.
- Priapism: An erection lasting four hours or longer without sexual stimulation, particularly when painful, requires emergency treatment to reduce the risk of permanent damage.
- Urinary tract trauma: Injury to the kidney, bladder, ureter or urethra may follow an accident or pelvic injury. Blood in the urine, difficulty passing urine or severe abdominal, pelvic or flank pain after trauma needs urgent assessment.
- Observation and medical stone management
- Shock wave lithotripsy
- Ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy
- Retrograde intrarenal surgery
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
- Stone prevention
- Medical treatment for benign prostate enlargement
- Surgery for benign prostate enlargement
- Prostate cancer treatment
- Bladder cancer treatment
- Kidney cancer treatment
- Testicular cancer treatment
- Urinary incontinence treatment
- Reconstructive urology
- Erectile dysfunction treatment
- Male fertility procedures
- Vasectomy and circumcision
- Pediatric urological surgery
- Emergency urological treatment
Observation and medical stone management
Selected small ureter stones can be managed with pain relief, fluids according to medical advice and, in some cases, medicine that may help passage. Follow-up is needed to confirm that the stone has passed and kidney drainage is not compromised.
Shock wave lithotripsy
Focused shock waves from outside the body break selected stones into smaller fragments. Suitability depends on stone size, location, density and anatomy, and some patients need more than one session or another procedure.
Ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy
A small telescope is passed through the urinary tract to the ureter or kidney. A laser can fragment the stone, and pieces may be removed. A temporary ureteral stent is sometimes placed after the procedure.
Retrograde intrarenal surgery:
Flexible ureteroscopy can reach stones inside the kidney through the natural urinary passage. It is used for selected kidney stones according to their size, position and other clinical factors.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Large or complex kidney stones can be removed through a small tract created through the back. The tract size and technique are selected according to the stone burden and anatomy.
Stone prevention
Preventive care may include higher fluid intake, dietary changes based on stone type and urine findings, and medication for specific metabolic abnormalities.
Medical treatment for benign prostate enlargement
Medication can relax the prostate and bladder outlet or gradually reduce prostate size. Treatment selection considers symptoms, prostate size, blood pressure, sexual side effects and other health factors.
Surgery for benign prostate enlargement
Endoscopic procedures remove or vaporize obstructing prostate tissue through the urethra. Options include transurethral resection and selected laser procedures. The choice depends on prostate size, anatomy, bleeding risk, available expertise and the patient's priorities. Changes in ejaculation, urinary symptoms and other possible effects are discussed before surgery.
Prostate cancer treatment
Depending on risk and stage, treatment may include active surveillance, prostatectomy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, systemic treatment or a combination. Urinary, bowel and sexual side effects are considered during shared decision-making.
Bladder cancer treatment
Tumors can be removed through the urethra by transurethral resection. Selected patients receive medication placed directly into the bladder. Muscle-invasive disease may require bladder removal, radiation with chemotherapy or other systemic treatment, planned with the oncology team.
Kidney cancer treatment
Small kidney tumors may be monitored, ablated or removed with partial nephrectomy in selected patients. Radical nephrectomy may be needed when preserving part of the kidney is not appropriate. Laparoscopic, robot-assisted or open surgery is chosen according to tumor and patient factors.
Testicular cancer treatment
Treatment commonly begins with removal of the affected testicle through an incision in the groin, followed by staging. Surveillance, chemotherapy, radiation therapy or further surgery may be advised according to the cancer type and stage. Fertility preservation is discussed when relevant.
Urinary incontinence treatment
Treatment may include pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training, medication, urethral bulking, sling procedures, artificial urinary sphincter surgery, bladder injections or neuromodulation. The approach depends on the type of leakage and the patient's health and preferences.
Reconstructive urology
Procedures include urethroplasty for urethral strictures, pyeloplasty for pelviureteric junction obstruction and repair of urinary fistulas or injuries. The approach may be open, endoscopic, laparoscopic or robot-assisted according to the condition.
Erectile dysfunction treatment
Treatment can include management of underlying health conditions, counseling, oral medication, vacuum devices, injection therapy and penile implant surgery for selected patients. Nitrate medicines must not be combined with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors because blood pressure can fall dangerously.
Male fertility procedures
Treatment may include varicocele repair and surgical sperm retrieval, coordinated with reproductive medicine when assisted conception is planned.
Vasectomy and circumcision
These are commonly performed as day-care procedures. Vasectomy should be considered permanent because reversal is not always possible or successful. Another contraceptive method is needed until semen testing confirms that sperm are no longer present.
Pediatric urological surgery
Procedures may include orchidopexy for undescended testes, hypospadias repair and treatment of reflux or urinary obstruction. Timing is based on the child's condition, age and clinical risk.
Emergency urological treatment
Emergency care may include bladder catheterization, drainage of an infected obstructed kidney, surgery for testicular torsion and treatment of urinary trauma or significant bleeding.
- Laser stone treatment
- Flexible ureteroscopy
- Cross-sectional imaging
- Prostate MRI and targeted biopsy
- Laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery
- Urodynamics
- Day-care procedures
Laser stone treatment
Laser energy delivered through an endoscope can fragment stones in the ureter or kidney. Stone size, location and anatomy determine whether this is the most appropriate approach.
Flexible ureteroscopy
Flexible digital scopes can reach different parts of the kidney through the urinary tract, supporting minimally invasive treatment of selected stones and upper urinary tract conditions.
Cross-sectional imaging
CT can define the size, location and density of stones and evaluate tumors and urinary anatomy. MRI provides additional soft tissue detail and can support prostate assessment and selected cancer evaluations.
Prostate MRI and targeted biopsy
Multiparametric MRI can identify suspicious prostate lesions and support targeted tissue sampling when biopsy is indicated. Findings are combined with PSA, examination and other risk information.
Laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery
Minimally invasive approaches may be used for selected kidney, prostate, adrenal and reconstructive operations. Benefits and risks depend on the procedure and individual case, and open surgery remains appropriate in some situations.
Urodynamics
Pressure and flow measurements can clarify how the bladder stores and empties urine in selected patients with complex lower urinary tract symptoms.
Day-care procedures
Selected cystoscopic, stone, andrology and minor surgical procedures may be completed without an overnight stay after clinical assessment and recovery monitoring.
1
What are the symptoms of a kidney stone?
A stone may cause severe pain in the side or back that travels toward the groin, often in waves. Nausea, vomiting, urinary urgency, burning or blood in the urine can also occur. Fever, chills or feeling very unwell with stone symptoms requires emergency assessment because infection may be present behind a blockage.
2
Do all kidney stones need a procedure?
No. Some small stones pass without a procedure. Treatment is more likely when a stone is too large to pass, causes uncontrolled pain, blocks urine flow, affects kidney function or is associated with infection. Follow-up imaging may be needed to confirm passage.
3
Which kidney stone treatment is best?
There is no single best procedure for every stone. The choice between shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous surgery and other approaches depends on stone size, location, density, urinary anatomy, infection, kidney function and the patient's health and preferences.
4
How can I reduce the risk of another kidney stone?
Drinking enough fluid to produce a good volume of urine is important for most stone formers. Further advice depends on the stone type, diet, medicines and urine test results. Patients with recurrent stones may benefit from stone analysis and metabolic evaluation rather than following a restrictive diet without knowing the cause.
5
Is prostate enlargement the same as prostate cancer?
No. Benign prostate enlargement is noncancerous and does not turn into prostate cancer. The two conditions can occur together and may share symptoms or affect PSA, so clinical assessment is needed to distinguish them.
6
Should I have a PSA test?
PSA screening is a personal decision based on age, general health, family history, ancestry, individual risk and preferences. Testing can help detect clinically important prostate cancer, but it can also lead to further tests for benign changes or cancers unlikely to cause harm. Discuss the possible benefits and limitations with a doctor before testing.
7
Does a raised PSA mean I have prostate cancer?
No. PSA can rise because of benign prostate enlargement, inflammation, infection, urinary retention or recent instrumentation. The next step may include repeating the test, examination, MRI or other risk assessment before deciding whether biopsy is needed.
8
Will prostate surgery affect sexual function?
The effects depend on the operation. Procedures for benign prostate enlargement can change or stop forward ejaculation, which may affect fertility. Surgery for prostate cancer can affect erections and urinary control. The surgeon should explain the likely effects of the proposed procedure before treatment.
9
Does painless blood in the urine need assessment?
Yes. Visible blood in the urine should be assessed even if it occurs once or without pain. Possible causes include infection, stones, prostate disease, kidney disease and cancer. The evaluation is based on age, symptoms, medicines and other risk factors.
10
Is cystoscopy painful?
Flexible cystoscopy is usually performed with local anesthetic gel. People commonly feel pressure, brief discomfort or an urge to urinate. Mild burning or a small amount of blood may occur afterward. Severe pain, fever, inability to urinate or worsening bleeding should be reported promptly.
11
Can urinary leakage in women be treated?
Yes. Treatment depends on whether leakage occurs with activity, follows urgency, results from incomplete emptying or has another cause. Pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training, medication and procedures can help selected patients.
12
Why do urinary infections keep returning?
Recurrent infections can have several causes, including sexual activity, menopause, stones, incomplete bladder emptying, prostate enlargement or catheter use. Not everyone needs extensive imaging, so tests and prevention are selected according to the pattern of infection and individual risk factors.
13
Is erectile dysfunction an inevitable part of aging?
No. It becomes more common with age but can often be treated. Because it may be associated with diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, medicines or hormone problems, assessment should include general health as well as sexual symptoms.
14
When should a testicular lump be checked?
Any new lump, swelling or persistent change in the size, shape or firmness of a testicle should be examined promptly. Many causes are benign, but examination and ultrasound can distinguish them from conditions that need urgent treatment.
15
What should I do if my child has sudden severe testicular pain?
Go to an emergency department immediately. Testicular torsion can interrupt the blood supply and requires urgent surgery. Do not wait for the pain to settle or delay assessment until the next day.
16
When should an undescended testis be treated?
If a testis has not descended by about six months of corrected age, referral to a pediatric surgical specialist is recommended. Surgery is generally performed within the following year, often between 6 and 18 months of age. An older child with an untreated undescended testis should still be assessed.
17
Is vasectomy reversible?
Vasectomy should be considered permanent. Reversal is possible in some cases but does not guarantee pregnancy. Another contraceptive method must be used after vasectomy until semen analysis confirms that the procedure has been successful.
18
How long does recovery take after urological surgery?
Recovery varies from a day or two after some minor or endoscopic procedures to several weeks after major surgery. The expected hospital stay, catheter duration, activity restrictions and return to work depend on the procedure and the patient's health.
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This page is for general awareness. Diagnosis, treatment options and recovery timelines vary from patient to patient and are decided only after clinical consultation and investigation.
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