Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli). Glomeruli are extremely small filtering units inside the kidneys that filter the blood. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by infections, drugs, or disorders that occur during or shortly after birth (congenital abnormalities). It often gets better on its own. Some forms respond well to treatment, while others may progress to chronic kidney disease. Regular monitoring is essential for managing the condition effectively.

Symptoms:

• Blood in urine (hematuria)
• Foamy urine due to excess protein (proteinuria)
• High blood pressure
• Fluid retention causing swelling (edema)
• Fatigue
• Decreased urine output in severe cases

Diagnostic Approaches:

• Urinalysis to check for blood and protein
• Blood tests to assess kidney function and look for signs of inflammation
• Imaging studies like ultrasound to evaluate kidney size and structure
• Kidney biopsy to determine the specific type of glomerulonephritis

Treatment Options:

• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Immunosuppressive medications in some cases
• Blood pressure medications, especially ACE inhibitors or ARBs
• Diuretics to reduce fluid retention
• Treatment of underlying conditions (e.g., infections, autoimmune diseases)

Follow-up Care:

• Regular monitoring of kidney function and urine protein levels
• Blood pressure management
• Adjustment of medications as needed
• Monitoring for side effects of immunosuppressive medications
• Dietary modifications, such as limiting salt intake