Why Patients Choose Apollo Hospitals, Lucknow for Dermabrasion
- Part of one of India's largest healthcare groups: Apollo Hospitals began in 1983 in Chennai and today operates a network of more than 70 hospitals with over 10,000 beds, giving the Lucknow unit access to group-wide clinical protocols, audit systems and specialist referral pathways.
- Dedicated dermatology and cosmetology department: Apollo Hospitals Lucknow (Sector B, LDA Colony, Kanpur Road) is a multi-speciality tertiary care hospital where dermabrasion is offered as a listed procedure, with dermatologists and plastic surgeons available under one roof rather than in a stand-alone salon setting.
- Hospital-grade safety, not a day-spa setup: procedures are performed in a facility with operation theatres, sterile processing, anaesthesia support, pathology and 24-hour emergency services on the same campus ? relevant because dermabrasion is a controlled surgical wounding of skin and carries infection, bleeding and pigmentation risks.
- Multidisciplinary back-up: plastic surgery, anaesthesiology, internal medicine, endocrinology and psychiatry/psychology inputs can be arranged for patients with diabetes, keloid tendency, bleeding disorders, isotretinoin history or body-image concerns.
- Individualised planning for Indian skin: most patients in Uttar Pradesh have Fitzpatrick skin types IV?V, which carry a higher risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Treatment plans therefore usually include pre-conditioning, test spots where appropriate, and structured post-procedure pigment control instead of a single fixed protocol.
- Age-appropriate care: separate counselling pathways for adolescents and young adults with active or recently settled acne scarring, working adults planning downtime around leave, and older patients with sun-damaged or thinned skin.
- Insurance and TPA desk on site for pre-authorisation queries, cashless eligibility checks and documentation when the procedure is reconstructive rather than purely cosmetic.
- Referral hub for central and eastern Uttar Pradesh, with patients travelling from Kanpur, Barabanki, Sitapur, Unnao, Rae Bareli, Hardoi, Ayodhya, Sultanpur, Gonda, Bahraich, Basti and Gorakhpur.
Exact numbers of dermatologists on the panel, their combined years of experience, and the specific dermabrasion equipment in use at this unit are best confirmed directly with the hospital's dermatology OPD desk, as panels change over time.
Dermabrasion at Apollo Hospitals Lucknow: Your Path to Radiant Skin ? Overview
Dermabrasion is a specialised cosmetic procedure designed to improve the texture and appearance of the skin by removing the outer layers. At Apollo Hospitals Lucknow, we pride ourselves on our reputation for excellence in dermatological care, utilising current technology and established techniques to support good patient outcomes. Our team of experienced dermatologists is dedicated to providing personalised care. With a focus on patient trust and satisfaction, we invite you to explore how dermabrasion may improve your skin and your confidence.
In practical terms, dermabrasion uses a rapidly rotating abrasive tool ? traditionally a diamond fraise or wire brush ? to sand away the epidermis and part of the upper dermis under local anaesthesia, nerve block, sedation or occasionally general anaesthesia. The wound then heals from the surrounding skin and the deeper skin structures, and the new surface is usually smoother. It is a deeper, more operator-dependent procedure than microdermabrasion, chemical peeling or superficial laser work, and it is chosen for specific problems rather than as a routine facial.
Results vary between individuals. Most published series describe partial improvement in scar depth and surface irregularity rather than complete removal, and more than one session or a combination of techniques may be needed.
Why Dermabrasion is Necessary
Dermabrasion is often considered for individuals seeking to address various skin concerns, including acne scars, uneven skin texture, sun damage and fine lines. This procedure is particularly relevant for those who have not achieved satisfactory results from topical treatments or less invasive procedures. By removing the skin's damaged surface, dermabrasion allows re-epithelialisation from adjacent skin and adnexal structures, which can result in a smoother and more even appearance.
Dermabrasion is not only cosmetic. It has recognised reconstructive and therapeutic uses ? for example, scar revision and blending of surgical or traumatic scars, treatment of rhinophyma, resurfacing of traumatic tattoos and road-rash pigment, and management of certain pre-cancerous or benign lesion fields. Removing damaged, chronically inflamed or crusted skin can improve local hygiene and comfort in selected conditions. At Apollo Hospitals Lucknow, our dermatology experts assess each patient's unique needs, ensuring that dermabrasion is an appropriate choice for your particular concern rather than a default option.
Indian dermatology guidance, including the Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists (IADVL) standard textbooks and the IADVL SIG Acne consensus work on acne and acne scar management, positions mechanical dermabrasion as one option within a menu that also includes subcision, microneedling with or without radiofrequency, TCA CROSS, fractional lasers, punch excision or elevation, and dermal fillers. The current direction of practice is towards combination and staged treatment rather than a single modality, and towards fractional or targeted methods in darker skin because of the lower pigmentary risk.
Risks of Delay
Delaying treatment can allow some skin conditions to progress. Untreated active acne continues to produce fresh inflammatory lesions and new scars, and long-standing scars with fibrosis and tethering are generally harder to improve than younger, softer scars. Continued unprotected sun exposure worsens photodamage, dyspigmentation and elastosis, and increases the chance that a larger area will eventually need treatment.
Moreover, delaying treatment can affect self-esteem and overall quality of life. Many patients report feeling self-conscious about their skin, which can affect social interactions, marriage prospects, workplace confidence and personal relationships; studies of acne and scarring consistently show measurable effects on anxiety and mood. At Apollo Hospitals Lucknow, we emphasise timely assessment so that active disease is controlled first and resurfacing is done at the right stage.
An honest caveat: delay is not always harmful. Scars that are still red and evolving, or acne that is still active, are usually better treated medically first. The risk of delay lies mainly in leaving active disease and ongoing sun damage untreated, not in waiting a few months for the right time to resurface.
Benefits of Dermabrasion
Undergoing dermabrasion at Apollo Hospitals Lucknow may offer benefits that extend beyond cosmetic enhancement. Key potential advantages include:
- Improved skin texture: dermabrasion can smooth out rough patches, resulting in a more even skin surface.
- Reduction of scars: the procedure can reduce the visibility of acne scars, surgical scars and other blemishes, particularly shallow, saucer-shaped and raised-edge scars.
- Fresher, more youthful appearance: by removing damaged surface layers and stimulating new collagen, dermabrasion may soften fine lines, especially around the mouth.
- More even skin tone: the treatment can help blend patchy pigmentation and sun spots in suitable candidates.
- Blending of scar edges: dermabrasion is widely used to blend the margins of surgical flaps, grafts and traumatic scars so they match surrounding skin better.
- Removal of embedded pigment: it remains a useful method for traumatic tattoos and road-rash pigment.
- Improved confidence: many patients report feeling more comfortable in their skin after treatment.
Improvement is usually described in percentage terms rather than as complete correction, and deep ice-pick or tethered scars often need additional techniques. We do not promise a specific result, and we will tell you clearly if we think your expectations are unlikely to be met.
Preparation and Recovery
Preparing for dermabrasion is important for a successful outcome.
Preparation tips
- Consultation: schedule a consultation with our dermatology team to discuss your skin concerns and determine whether dermabrasion is right for you.
- Avoid certain medications: refrain from blood-thinning medicines such as aspirin or ibuprofen for about a week before the procedure, as they can increase bleeding. Never stop a prescribed cardiac or stroke-prevention blood thinner on your own ? this must be decided by your treating doctor.
- Skincare regimen: follow your dermatologist's advice on your routine before the procedure. You may be advised to stop retinoids, exfoliants or hydroquinone at a particular point, or conversely to use them as pre-conditioning.
- Sun protection: avoid sun exposure and tanning beds for at least two weeks before treatment to reduce complications and pigmentary risk.
- Antiviral cover: if you have a history of cold sores, prophylactic antiviral tablets are usually started before facial resurfacing.
- Isotretinoin history: tell your doctor if you have taken oral isotretinoin. A gap is conventionally advised before mechanical resurfacing, and current expert opinion is more flexible than the old six-month rule, but the decision must be individual.
- Stop smoking and tobacco/gutkha use for as long as possible before and after, as it impairs wound healing.
- Investigations: basic blood tests, sugar levels and viral markers may be requested, especially if sedation is planned.
Recovery tips
- Follow post-procedure instructions exactly, including dressing changes and prescribed medicines.
- Moisturise: keep the skin well hydrated with the recommended emollient or ointment to promote moist wound healing and comfort.
- Avoid makeup for at least a week, or until the surface has fully re-epithelialised and your doctor clears you.
- Sun protection: use a broad-spectrum sunscreen once the skin allows it, and use hats, umbrellas and shade for several months.
- Stay hydrated and eat adequate protein to support healing.
- Do not pick or scrub crusts ? this is the commonest avoidable cause of scarring and pigment change.
Our team will guide you through every step of preparation and recovery.
Timing of the Procedure and the Pre-Procedure Phase
Dermabrasion is a planned, elective procedure. The sequence usually looks like this:
- Assessment visit: history, skin typing, photography, scar mapping, and screening for keloid tendency, active infection, diabetes, connective tissue disease, bleeding tendency and unrealistic expectations.
- Disease control phase (weeks to months): active acne is settled with topical or oral therapy; melasma or pigmentation is stabilised; any infection or eczema is cleared.
- Pre-conditioning phase (typically 2?6 weeks): prescribed topical preparation, strict photoprotection, antiviral prophylaxis planning, and stopping of specified drugs and supplements.
- Procedure day: commonly a day-care visit. The abrading itself may take 20?60 minutes depending on the area; total hospital time is longer because of anaesthesia, monitoring and dressing.
- Healing and review: dressing or wound review in the first few days, then reviews at roughly 1 week, 1 month and 3 months.
- Maintenance and second session if needed, usually not before 6?12 weeks.
Seasonal timing matters in North India. Many dermatologists prefer to schedule resurfacing for the cooler, less intensely sunny months of Lucknow's winter, and to avoid the peak May?June heat and the humid monsoon weeks when sweating, dust and secondary infection make aftercare harder. Also plan around weddings, exams and festivals ? the face may look red or pink for weeks to months.
Alternatives and Technique Options Compared
| Option | How it works | Typically suits | Downtime | Main concerns in Indian skin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manual/motorised dermabrasion | Rotating diamond fraise or wire brush sands epidermis and upper dermis | Shallow rolling scars, scar-edge blending, rhinophyma, traumatic tattoo, perioral lines | Around 1?2 weeks to heal; redness for weeks to months | Highly operator-dependent; higher risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation in types IV?VI |
| Microdermabrasion | Superficial crystal or diamond-tip exfoliation of epidermis only | Dullness, mild texture and comedones; not true scars | Essentially none | Very safe, but limited effect on scars; needs repeated sessions |
| Chemical peels (glycolic, salicylic, TCA) | Controlled chemical injury at chosen depth | Pigmentation, mild scarring, active acne | Nil to about a week depending on depth | Well established for Indian skin; deep peels carry pigment risk |
| TCA CROSS | High-strength TCA applied into individual scar pits | Ice-pick and narrow boxcar scars | About 5?7 days per session | Multiple sessions; small risk of scar widening or pigment change |
| Subcision | Needle or cannula releases fibrous tethers under the scar | Rolling, tethered, depressed scars | Bruising for about a week | Often combined with other methods; possible nodule formation |
| Microneedling / microneedling RF | Fine needles create controlled micro-injury, with or without radiofrequency | Mixed atrophic scars, texture, pores | 1?3 days of redness | Popular and comparatively pigment-safe; gradual, needs 4?6 sessions |
| Fractional non-ablative laser | Columns of dermal heating with intact surface | Moderate scarring, texture | 2?4 days | Lower pigment risk than fully ablative; slower results |
| Fractional ablative CO2 / Er:YAG laser | Vaporises columns of skin | Moderate to severe scars, photodamage | About 1 week | Effective but real risk of hyperpigmentation; needs strict pre/post pigment control |
| Punch excision / punch elevation / grafting | Surgical removal or repositioning of individual scars | Isolated deep ice-pick or pitted scars | Sutures for about a week | Trades a bad scar for a small linear one; often followed later by resurfacing |
| Dermal fillers / fat transfer | Volume replacement under depressed scars | Broad rolling scars, volume loss | Minimal | Temporary for most fillers; repeat sessions and cost |
| Medical therapy only | Retinoids, antibiotics, hormonal therapy, isotretinoin, pigment creams | Active acne, pigmentation, prevention of new scars | None | Does not correct established scars, but is the essential first step |
For dark-skinned patients, most Indian experts now favour fractional, targeted or combination approaches over full-face classical dermabrasion, reserving mechanical dermabrasion for scar blending, localised scars, rhinophyma and traumatic tattoos. Your dermatologist will explain why a particular option is being recommended for you.
Procedures Sometimes Done at the Same Time
- Subcision immediately before or in the same sitting as resurfacing for tethered scars.
- Punch excision or punch elevation of isolated deep scars, with dermabrasion of the surrounding field later.
- Excision of small benign lesions ? moles, dermatosis papulosa nigra, syringomas, milia ? in the treated area.
- Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applied to the raw surface to support healing; evidence is encouraging but not definitive.
- Scar release, Z-plasty or flap revision with a plastic surgeon for post-traumatic or post-burn scars.
- Rhinophyma reduction combined with dermabrasion of the nasal skin.
- Intralesional steroid or 5-FU injection for coexisting hypertrophic or keloidal scars.
Combining procedures can save you separate anaesthesia sessions and separate downtime, but it also increases healing demands. This is decided case by case.
Phase-by-Phase Recovery
| Phase | What to expect | Care | Typical restrictions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0 (procedure day) | Raw, weeping, stinging surface; swelling begins; dressing or ointment applied | Cold compresses as advised, prescribed analgesics and antibiotics, head slightly elevated | No sun, no washing the area unless instructed, arrange someone to escort you home |
| Days 1?3 | Peak swelling, oozing, crust formation; discomfort usually manageable with tablets | Gentle saline or prescribed cleansing, frequent emollient, dressing change as scheduled | Rest at home; avoid kitchen smoke, dust, gym, sweating |
| Days 4?10 | Crusts separate, new pink epithelium appears; itching common | Continue moist wound care; do not pick; review visit | No makeup, no scrubs, no shaving over the raw area, no swimming |
| Weeks 2?4 | Skin closed but pink/red and sensitive; mild scaling | Start broad-spectrum sunscreen and bland moisturiser; camouflage makeup usually permitted | Strict sun avoidance; avoid steam, sauna, hot yoga, chlorinated pools |
| Weeks 4?12 | Redness fades gradually; texture begins to improve; pigmentation may appear in darker skin | Prescribed pigment-control creams if needed; retinoid may be reintroduced on advice | Continued daily photoprotection; avoid unsupervised bleaching or herbal packs |
| 3?6 months | Collagen remodelling continues; final texture becomes apparent | Review with photographs; decide on further sessions or adjunct treatment | Maintain sunscreen; treat any new acne promptly |
| 6?12 months | Result considered settled; any hypopigmentation or persistent redness assessed | Maintenance skincare; discuss further options if improvement is incomplete | Lifelong photoprotection is advised |
Returning to Work, Exercise and Daily Life
- Desk work or work from home: often possible within a few days for small areas; full-face dermabrasion usually needs about 7?14 days off if you do not want to be seen while crusted.
- Outdoor field work, construction, farming, driving in open sun: plan a longer break, or return only with full cover ? cap, cotton scarf, umbrella and sunscreen.
- Gym, running, cricket, gully sport: resume light activity when the surface is fully healed and non-weeping, typically after about two weeks; heavy sweating earlier can macerate the wound.
- Swimming: avoid until the doctor confirms complete healing, usually a minimum of 3?4 weeks.
- Contact sports, helmets, chin straps and cricket grilles: delay until pressure and friction over the treated area are comfortable and the skin is intact.
- Shaving and threading: resume only after clearance; men may need 2?3 weeks off razors over treated facial skin.
- Cooking over a chulha or open flame, and tandoor or industrial heat exposure: avoid during the crusting phase ? dry heat and smoke aggravate raw skin.
- Two-wheeler riding: dust, exhaust and helmet friction are a real problem in the first two weeks; use a car, cab or full-face protection if travel is unavoidable.
- Religious and social events: avoid holi colours, gulal, haldi ceremonies, smoke from havan and crowded functions until healed.
Preventing Recurrence and Protecting the Result
- Control active acne with maintenance therapy ? usually a topical retinoid, with or without other agents ? because new inflammatory lesions create new scars.
- Use broad-spectrum sunscreen daily, reapplied when outdoors; in Lucknow's summer UV levels, physical measures matter as much as the cream.
- Avoid picking, squeezing and aggressive home remedies. Unregulated skin-lightening creams containing steroids are widespread in Indian markets and can cause steroid-damaged facial skin; do not use them.
- Treat pigmentation early and under supervision rather than layering multiple over-the-counter creams.
- Manage underlying contributors: polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, poorly controlled diabetes, thyroid disease, high glycaemic diet, tobacco and smokeless tobacco use.
- Keep follow-up appointments ? early treatment of hyperpigmentation or a developing hypertrophic scar works far better than late treatment.
Children, Adolescents and Older Patients
Children and adolescents
Dermabrasion is rarely done in young children and is reserved for specific reconstructive needs such as traumatic tattoo, congenital lesions or scar blending, usually under general anaesthesia and with a plastic surgeon involved. In teenagers with acne scarring, the strong preference is to first control active acne, then use gentler modalities; consent from a parent or guardian and a realistic discussion about expectations are essential. Growth, ongoing hormonal acne and adherence to sun protection all affect the decision.
Older patients
Older skin is thinner, heals more slowly and often carries photodamage, diabetes, hypertension and blood-thinning medication. These are not absolute barriers, but they change the plan: sugar control, cardiology or physician clearance, careful decisions about anticoagulants, and sometimes a shallower or staged treatment. Age itself is less important than skin quality, healing capacity and the ability to follow aftercare.
Who may not be suitable
- Active bacterial, fungal or herpetic infection at the site
- Strong keloid or hypertrophic scarring tendency
- Recent oral isotretinoin, without an individualised decision
- Active vitiligo, psoriasis or lichen planus at the site (risk of new lesions in the wound)
- Uncontrolled diabetes, bleeding disorders, immunosuppression
- Unrealistic expectations or untreated body dysmorphic concerns
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding ? usually deferred
If You Choose Not to Have the Procedure
Declining dermabrasion is a legitimate choice, and it is not dangerous for the great majority of purely cosmetic indications. What usually happens:
- Existing atrophic scars remain broadly stable, though they may look more obvious with age as skin loses volume and elasticity.
- Post-inflammatory redness and brown marks often fade on their own over 6?18 months, especially with sun protection.
- Photodamage and dyspigmentation continue to accumulate if sun exposure is unprotected.
- Rhinophyma and some lesion-related indications tend to progress and may become functionally troublesome.
- Psychological distress may persist; counselling, camouflage cosmetics and treatment of active acne can still help substantially.
Medical management, good skincare, photoprotection and non-invasive options remain available at any time, and you can revisit the decision later.
What Changes the Cost
Apollo Hospitals Lucknow does not publish a fixed price for dermabrasion, and the total depends on several variables. Please obtain a written estimate from the dermatology OPD or the billing desk after your consultation. The factors below explain why quotes differ between patients.
| Factor | Why it changes the total |
|---|---|
| Area and extent treated | A single scar or the nose costs less than full-face resurfacing |
| Depth and technique | Manual dermabrasion, motorised dermabrasion or a laser/microneedling-RF alternative have different consumable and equipment costs |
| Anaesthesia type | Topical or local anaesthesia is least expensive; sedation or general anaesthesia adds anaesthetist and monitoring charges |
| Day care versus overnight stay | Room category and length of stay affect bed, nursing and monitoring charges |
| Number of sessions | Staged or repeat sessions multiply the cost |
| Combined procedures | Subcision, punch excision, PRP or lesion removal in the same sitting add charges |
| Pre-procedure workup | Blood tests, sugar profile, viral markers, physician or cardiology clearance |
| Medicines and dressings | Antibiotics, antivirals, analgesics, specialised dressings, emollients |
| Post-procedure skincare | Sunscreens, pigment-control creams, camouflage products over several months |
| Follow-up visits | Reviews, photography and management of any complication |
| Surgeon or dermatologist seniority | Consultation and procedure fees vary by consultant |
| Travel and stay | Outstation patients should budget for accommodation and repeat trips |
Insurance and Cashless Treatment in India
Insurance for dermabrasion depends almost entirely on why it is being done.
- Purely cosmetic indications are generally excluded. Standard Indian health insurance policies, following IRDAI's standardised exclusions, do not cover cosmetic or aesthetic treatment unless it forms part of medically necessary treatment.
- Reconstructive indications may be considered. Where dermabrasion is part of reconstruction after an accident, burn, cancer surgery or a disease process, insurers often do consider it ? documentation from the treating doctor establishing medical necessity is critical.
- Accident cover versus planned cover: claims arising from documented trauma (road accident, burn, animal bite, industrial injury) are handled differently from elective planned procedures, and often more favourably. Keep the police report, FIR or MLC papers, first-contact hospital records and photographs.
- Waiting periods: most indemnity policies carry an initial waiting period of about 30 days for illness (accidents excepted) and a longer waiting period, commonly 24 to 48 months, for specified conditions and for certain listed procedures. Pre-existing disease waiting periods apply as per your policy schedule; under current IRDAI norms this is capped at three years for most policies. Check your own policy wording.
- Cashless and TPA process: if eligible, submit your e-card and ID to the insurance desk at least 2?3 working days before a planned procedure so pre-authorisation can be raised with the insurer or third-party administrator. Approval is the insurer's decision, not the hospital's. Non-payable items, consumables and cosmetic components typically remain your responsibility.
- Government schemes: coverage under Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY, CGHS, ECHS, state schemes or corporate panels depends on the scheme's package list, eligibility and empanelment status. Confirm your specific scheme with the hospital's insurance desk before the procedure.
- Reimbursement route: if cashless is not available, keep original bills, discharge summary, prescriptions, investigation reports and payment receipts for a reimbursement claim.
For policy-specific answers and current empanelment, speak to the Apollo Hospitals Lucknow insurance and TPA desk rather than relying on general information.
Planning Your Visit and What to Bring
- Photo identity proof and address proof; insurance e-card and TPA details if applicable
- All previous prescriptions, treatment records for acne or the underlying condition, and old photographs of your skin before the problem developed
- A current list of medicines and supplements, including ayurvedic, homeopathic and herbal products, and any skin-lightening creams you have used
- Recent blood reports, sugar levels and any physician or cardiology clearance letters
- Loose, front-open clothing so nothing is pulled over the face after the procedure
- A hat or cap, cotton dupatta or scarf, sunglasses and an umbrella for the journey home
- An adult escort ? you should not drive yourself home after sedation or facial anaesthesia
- Prescribed sunscreen and moisturiser purchased in advance so aftercare starts on time
- Drinking straws and soft foods if the perioral area is being treated
- Extra pillows at home to keep your head elevated, and clean cotton pillow covers
- Advance planning for household duties ? cooking over an open flame, dusting, temple visits and childcare are easier if shared with family for the first week
Warning Signs That Need Prompt Review
- Spreading redness, increasing pain, warmth, foul-smelling discharge or yellow-green pus
- Fever above 100.4?F, chills or feeling generally unwell
- Grouped painful blisters or a sudden burning eruption, which may suggest herpes reactivation
- Bleeding that does not settle with gentle pressure
- Failure of the surface to heal within about two weeks
- A raised, hard, itchy or rapidly thickening scar developing over weeks
- New dark or white patches appearing in the treated area
- Severe swelling around the eyes, or difficulty opening the mouth or eyes
- Any allergic reaction to prescribed medicines ? rash, wheezing, facial or throat swelling
- Persistent low mood or distress about your appearance during recovery
Do not wait for your scheduled follow-up if any of these occur. Contact the hospital, and use the emergency services for severe symptoms.
Guidance for Patients Travelling from Nearby Districts and Cities
Apollo Hospitals Lucknow regularly sees patients from Kanpur, Unnao, Barabanki, Sitapur, Hardoi, Rae Bareli, Lakhimpur Kheri, Ayodhya, Sultanpur, Amethi, Gonda, Bahraic
Disclaimer:
The information provided on this page is intended for general informational and educational purposes only. While we make reasonable efforts to ensure that the information is accurate, reliable, and regularly reviewed, it should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
The suitability of a medical procedure, along with its benefits, risks, preparation, recovery, potential complications, and expected outcomes, may vary from person to person. Your healthcare professional will determine whether a procedure is appropriate based on your individual condition and medical history.
Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized advice before making decisions regarding any medical procedure.
For more information about how our medical content is created, reviewed, updated, and maintained, please read our [Editorial Policy].
Best Hospital Near me Chennai