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      Kidney Biopsy

      Cardiology Image 1 Verified By January 8, 2025

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      Kidney Biopsy

      What is Kidney Biopsy?

      A kidney biopsy, also known as a renal biopsy, is a medical procedure in which a small sample of kidney tissue is removed and examined under a microscope. This procedure is typically performed to diagnose or monitor kidney conditions, allowing doctors to determine the cause of kidney problems, assess the severity of the disease, and guide treatment decisions.

      Why is it Done?

      A kidney biopsy is performed to diagnose and monitor kidney conditions.

      • Unexplained Kidney Problems:

        When the cause of kidney dysfunction is unclear, a biopsy can help determine the underlying issue.

      • Blood or Protein in the Urine:

        Persistent blood (hematuria) or protein (proteinuria) in the urine may indicate kidney disease.

      • Acute Kidney Injury:

        To identify the cause of sudden loss of kidney function.

      • Chronic Kidney Disease:

        To assess the severity and progression of kidney disease.

      • Transplant Monitoring:

        To evaluate the health of a transplanted kidney and detect signs of rejection.

      • Suspected Kidney Tumors:

        To diagnose or rule out kidney cancer.

      How is a Kidney Biopsy Done?

      1. 1. Preparation:

        The patient lies on their stomach, and a local anesthetic is applied to numb the area where the biopsy needle will be inserted. In some cases, mild sedation may be given to help the patient relax.

      2. 2. Imaging Guidance:

        Ultrasound or CT scan is used to locate the kidney and guide the biopsy needle to the precise spot for tissue sampling.


      3. 3. Needle Insertion:

        A special biopsy needle is inserted through the skin into the kidney. The doctor then removes a small sample of kidney tissue using this needle. The patient may be asked to hold their breath for a few seconds during the needle insertion to ensure the kidney remains still.

      4. 4. Sample Collection:

        One or more samples of kidney tissue are collected and sent to a laboratory for analysis.

      5. 5. Post-Procedure Care:

        After the biopsy, pressure is applied to the biopsy site to stop any bleeding. The area is then bandaged, and the patient is monitored for a few hours.

        A kidney biopsy is generally not painful due to the use of local anesthesia, which numbs the area where the needle is inserted. However, patients may feel some pressure or discomfort when the needle is inserted into the kidney.

      Kidney Biopsy Risks and Complications

      • Bleeding:

        The most common complication, which may occur at the biopsy site or internally. Most bleeding is minor, but in rare cases, a blood transfusion or additional procedures may be needed.

      • Infection:

        Although rare, there is a risk of infection at the biopsy site or within the kidney.

      • Pain:

        Some patients experience pain or discomfort at the biopsy site, which usually resolves within a few days.

      • Damage to Nearby Structures:

        The needle could potentially damage nearby organs or blood vessels, though this is uncommon.

      Recovery After a Kidney Biopsy

      • Rest:

        Rest for at least 24 hours after the biopsy, avoiding strenuous activities and heavy lifting for about a week.

      • Monitor for Complications:

        Watch for signs of complications, such as severe pain, heavy bleeding, difficulty urinating, or signs of infection like fever or chills.

      • Follow-up Care:

        Attend follow-up appointments to discuss biopsy results and any necessary treatment.

        A kidney biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool that provides critical insights into the health of the kidneys. While the procedure involves some risks, it is generally safe and helps guide effective treatment plans. If your doctor recommends a kidney biopsy, it’s important to understand the procedure, its purpose, and what to expect during recovery.

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